Emotional Life Research Articles

Prediction of life expectancy based on pain self-efficacy, death obsession, general health with the mediation of emotion regulation in indigent dialysis women

Objective: This research aimed to predict life expectancy based on pain self-efficacy, death obsession, and general health by mediating emotion regulation in indigent dialysis women. Method: The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of the current study included all poor dialysis women in the medical centers of Tehran and Alborz provinces, of which 287 women dialysis patients were selected by the available sampling method and measurement tools were Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Death Obsession Questionnaire (DOQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Life Expectancy Questionnaire (LEQ). For data analysis, the structural equation modeling method was used via SPSS-23. Results: The findings showed that pain self-efficacy, general health, and emotion regulation have a positive and significant relationship with life expectancy (p<0.01), and death obsession and life expectancy have a significant negative relationship (p<0.01) and pain self-efficacy, death obsession, and general health had an indirect and significant relationship through emotion regulation with life expectancy (p<0.01). Conclusion: This research showed that pain self-efficacy, death obsession, and general health explain life expectancy through emotion regulation, and the research model has a favorable fit. The findings of this research can be used by specialists in the fields of health and mental health to improve the life expectancy of dialysis patients.

Use of Benzodiazepines for Anxiety and Mood Disorders among High School Students with Low Academic Status: Implications for Mental Health Interventions

The prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders in adolescents is a growing public health concern worldwide. Mental disorders are a global health issue that can devastate the adolescent and family’s mental, physical, emotional, developmental health, and social life. We examined the influence of motivational interviewing (MI) on the relationship between Benzodiazepine medication Use and Anxiety disorders among adolescent university students. A random sample of 1,000 students over 18 attending a large University in southeastern Nigeria was screened (using PHQ-9 and GAD-7). Adolescents with results indicative of anxiety or depressive symptoms (n = 120) were advised to seek psychological health care. Participants who screened positive received either two sessions of MI or treatment as usual. The MI group demonstrated more willingness and confidence in treatment initiation. MI enhanced group treatment engagement in adolescents diagnosed with anxiety and mood disorders. Results indicate that Motivational interviewing mediates between benzodiazepine medication and Cognitive behavioral therapy in treating adolescent anxiety disorders.

ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, STRESS, AND COPING STRATEGIES, IN ROMANIAN STUDENTS AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objectives. The outbreak of the SarsCov-2 virus pandemic in March 2020, produced essential changes in the way of life for students in different countries. Each person has developed their own personal coping systems to adapt to the times. The purpose was to assess the magnitude of impact produced in behavioral and emotional life dimensions at the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. Material and methods. Collecting data was based on a comprehensive online questionnaire, addressed to 19-25 years old, master’s, and bachelor’s students in Romania. The questionnaire includes standard psychological evaluation tools such as Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, DASS – 21R, Cognitive-Emotional Coping Assessment Questionnaire (CERQ), and Strategic Approaches to Coping Scale (SACS), but also a series of demographic indicators. Statistic analyse was based on ANOVA, Levene Test, T-Test, and Pearson Correlations. Results. The results revealed some differences between coping strategies male participants would choose, and those preferred by female participants, and small variances between age groups. The most commonly found coping strategy was social support. Maladaptive and passive coping strategies positively correlated to all mental health indicators. Self-blame (p<.001), rumination, catastrophizing (p<.001), and blaming others correlate positively with all DASS-21R subscales, depression, anxiety, and stress as well. Positive refocus negatively correlated to depression (p=.020), anxiety (p=.009), and stress (p=.004). Conclusions. At the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown most of the participants have chosen prosocial coping strategies. The impact of the pandemic on Romanian students was rather mild. Active coping strategies predict more adaptive behavior and feelings. The findings of the current study can be expanded (to some extent) to non-pandemic situations also. Keywords: SarsCov2 pandemic, coping, depression, anxiety, stress.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ ПОДРОСТКОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ УЧЕБНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

Background. Y is study examines risk factors for the mental health of a student in the condition of increased academic load. Introduction of new technologies and multilingualism in educational technologies inZ uence emotional life of an adolescent. Y e overall excellent performance of a pupil may hide risks of adaptation disruption.Objective is to discover anxiety and aggressiveness manifestations among adolescents studying under high academic load. Methods. Analysis of the psychological characteristics of adolescents at risk for maladaptive perfectionism was carried out with quantitative and qualitative research methods. Applied techniques and methods involved the method by Prikhozhan to study the Self-Image of teens in the age group of 12–17 years; Buss — Perry Aggression Questionnaire as adapted by S.N. Yenikolopov; APS-R Perfectionism Scale as adapted by S.N. Yenikolopov; incomplete sentences; the Hand Test; pathopsychological test; extended clinical conversation; Torrance X gurative subtests; Sociometry. Sample. Y e study involved 245 students of the 8th grade of four schools. Two schools o[ ered in-depth study of 2 foreign languages and the othersecondary schools did not. Results. According to the research, the markers of maladaptive behavior of a successful pupil are trait anxiety, maladaptive perfectionism, hostility, and anger. About 20% of the participants fall into the risk group for anxiety. Objectively, their performance is high, though teenagers have doubts about their success, demonstrate tendency for delaying, inability to start doing something. In this case the anxiety is caused by fear of failing to meet self-imposed high standards. Failure to comply with your requirements and рrocrastination is higher in schools with advanced studies of two foreign languages. Self-esteem anxiety is related to the components of Self-Image: intelligence, situation at school, communication, self-conX dence. Non-conformity to self-imposed standards and procrastination are related to anger. Conclusion. In two schools, the number of highly anxious teenagers ranges from 12 % to 20 %. In the gymnasium, only highly anxious teenagers were found. Anxiety correlates with various indicators of aggressiveness. Slaney’s procrastination/anxiety scores are positively correlated with adolescent anger and hostility. Indicators of maladaptive perfectionism according to Slaney are associated with the components of the Self-Concept. Objectively, the success of the students is good, but teenagers doubt their success, they show a tendency to procrastinate, an inability to take action. In this case, the anxiety is caused by the fear of not meeting the high standards set for oneself. Y e markers of the maladaptive state of a highly anxious student are maladaptive perfectionism, hostility, and anger. According to the results of qualitative research methods, destructive personality tendencies can be observed in highly anxious adolescents. Y e manifestations of anxiety and aggressiveness of the surveyed adolescents are similar in all schools. Failure to comply with your requirements and рrocrastination is higher in schools with advanced studies of two foreign languages.

On the Role of Empathy in Child Development and Psychotherapy: What is Empathy and How Does it Help?

In this article, I will present a contemporary understanding of the nature of empathy and the importance of empathy in successful psychotherapy with children. This perspective highlights the intrinsic relationship of empathy and affect. I will consider how the child therapist’s empathy is expressed and offer a specific hypothesis on the therapeutic efficacy of empathic understanding in clinical work with children. Finally, I will discuss how the experience of empathic understanding is beneficial in the emotional life of the child and in all human relationships, throughout life.

Emotional State, Life Satisfaction and Worries Regarding COVID-19 in Spanish and Chilean Adolescents during Spring 2020.

The lockdown due to COVID-19, has affected the mental health of the population. Recent literature suggests a greater psychological impact on adolescents regardless of their cultural background. The aim is to analyze the emotional state, life satisfaction and worries about COVID-19 in Chilean and Spanish adolescents. A total of 1078 adolescents (M=15.18; SD=1.25) completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the COVID-19 Worry Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. The design was cross-sectional and descriptive. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, and linear regressions were performed. More emotional symptoms, worries and lower life satisfaction were observed in Chile. Girls had more worries and emotional symptoms. An affected psychological state is also observed in Spanish adolescents, especially in Chilean adolescents. Worries about COVID-19 affect depression, anxiety, stress and life satisfaction in both samples. Further research is needed to prevent psychological distress in future pandemics. Developing tailored interventions are encouraged.

Feeling with the Land:Llakichinaand the Emotional Life of Relatedness in Amazonian Kichwa Thinking

AbstractThis article explores how traditional Kichwa people in the Ecuadorian Amazon experience and practice emotional life. In particular, we focus on the centrality accorded to acts intended to elicit compassion in others (llakichina) and on the role these acts play in holding communities together. We argue that the importance given to the eliciting of compassion is tied to the Kichwa construal of the self as inherently relational and, for this reason, precarious. Further, we show how the emotional life of relatedness encompasses relationships with land and other species (particularly birds) in multi-layered ways. Drawing on interviews, songs, and narratives, we show how an understanding of other species as transformed humans informs affective connections with the land and how these in turn mediate emotional relations.

운동선수의 성장을 위한 결정요인 탐색 : 초등학생을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to explore facilitation factors of elementary school athletes’ growth. This will be an opportunity for facilitators to change the existing method for the growth of athletes, thereby growing together beyond the winning at all costs philosophy. To this end, samples of 42 elementary school athletes, 13 parents, and 8 coaches were collected using purposive sampling. The results of this study were as follows. First, athletes’ perceived facilitation factors of their growth were high in the order of emotional aspect, performance, training aspect, social aspect, technical aspect, and life aspect. On the other hand, athletes’ perceived hindrances of their growth were high in the order of emotional aspect, training aspect, social aspect, and performance. Second, parents’ perceived facilitation factors of athletes’ growth were high in the order of training aspect, performance, social aspect, life aspect, and technical aspect. On the other hand, parents’ perceived hindrances of athletes’ growth were high in the order of training aspect, performance, emotional aspect, life aspect, and social aspect. Third, coaches’ perceived facilitation factors of athletes’ growth were high in the order of social aspect, technical aspect, training aspect, performance, and emotional aspect. On the other hand, coaches’ perceived hindrances of athletes’ growth were high in the order of training aspect, social aspect, performance, physical aspect, and life aspect. The results facilitation and hindrance of athletes’ growth will be baseline data to guide not only athletes but also parents and coaches. Moreover, these results will be useful data for in-depth analysis of athletes

Investigation of Subjective Well-Being Levels of Disabled Individuals Doing and Not Doing Sport

This study offers a comparative analysis of the subjective well-being of disabled individuals according to whether they do sport or not. The study was designed as a quantitative research. It is seen in the positive psychology literature that research on quality of life accelerate research on subjective well-being. Subjective well-being affects almost all aspects of life, and therefore, the fact that children, adolescents, adults and disabled people lead a healthy life is directly related to their level of well-being. The aim of this study is to investigate the subjective well-being levels of visually disabled individuals doing sport and not doing sport and to evaluate the differences between the subjective well-being of disabled individuals who do sport and those who do not. A total of 100 visually disabled individuals voluntarily participated in the study, including disabled individuals doing sport and not doing sport.The Turkish version of the PERMA measurement tool was used to evaluate the well-being of the participants. As a result of the research, disabled individuals who do sport had statistically significantly higher subjective well-being parameters compared to disabled individuals who do not do sport. The results showed that sport or physical activities have positive effects on the life quality of disabled individuals, in social life, in supporting psychological and social development and in maintaining a stable emotional life. Sustainable exercise or sportive social life is recommended for a healthier, dynamic and social life.Keywords: Sport, exercise, physical activity, disabled individuals, subjective well-being.

Influence of Gamification and Cooperative Work in Peer, Mixed and Interdisciplinary Teams on Emotional Intelligence, Learning Strategies and Life Goals That Motivate University Students to Study.

It is necessary to motivate university students to reduce the dropout rate in Spain, and to look for strategies that help university students acquire professional competencies; this is where gamification can be useful. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of a learning methodology based on gamification and cooperative work in peers, and in mixed and interdisciplinary teams on the emotional intelligence, learning strategies, and life goals that motivate university students to learn. The sample consisted of 102 students who took a subject with a gamification-based methodology, through the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics model, in a cooperative way. The Self-Perception Scale of Personal Academic Motivation and the Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 were used. The results of the study showed an increase in learning strategies and life goals that motivated university students to study, as well as increases in emotional clarity and significantly in emotional repair. It was concluded that gamification is a positive tool for its ability to increase emotional intelligence, life goals, and learning strategies in university students' motivation to learn.

Emotional and Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Problem Solving among Primary School Students

Bu araştırmada, duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş ve yaşam doyumu değişkenlerinin ilkokul öğrencilerinin problem çözme düzeylerini ne kadar yordadığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline dayalı yürütülmüştür. Araştırma grubu, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Burdur ili Bucak ilçesinde devlete ait olan ilkokul kurumlarında öğrenim gören 198 (% 52.7) erkek, 178 (%47.3) kız olmak üzere toplam 376 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak “Çocuklar İçin Problem Çözme Envanteri”, “Stirling Çocuklar İçin Duygusal ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği”, “Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde pearson momentler çarpım korelasyonu analizi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz (adımsal) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yordayıcı güçleri bakımından sırasıyla “duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş” ve “yaşam doyumu” değişkenlerinin ilkokul öğrencilerinin problem çözme düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde yordadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Duygusal ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile yaşam doyumu değişkenlerinin birlikte problem çözme düzeyinin %31’ini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.

Let’s Talk about the Animals – Taking the Outcomes of Animal Models of Human Emotion and Affective Behavior Back to Understanding Animal Minds and Emotions

Abstract The socioemotional lives of animals have been brought to light over the years by studies seeking to address specific topics in animal emotion, cognition and behavior. Breakthrough information has been provided by field work with natural communities, and notable advances have stemmed from non-invasive research with captive animals and from laboratory work entailing varying degrees of invasiveness. But there is a source of information on animals that has not always been integrated in the knowledge on animals’ emotional lives: the outputs of studies where animals served as models of human emotional processes but that were seldom published as literature on animals. This article proposes an integrated view whereby the vast amount of information amassed by the brain and behavioral sciences over the course of the last 30 years on the affective experiences of animals, their triggers, biomarkers and behavioral correlates is fully integrated in an account of animal emotions. Topics where this knowledge can accommodate further integration from studies with animals models of the human mind are the parental care and different types of affective bonds; the experience of empathic reactions, the association between emotions, expressive behavior and affective bonds, and conscience. Fostering further connection between these neuroscience and behavioral studies might contribute to 1) widening the breath of measures used in assessing the well-being of animals, 2) widening criteria used by ethical committees considering studies with animals, and 3) to review some common practices that by those who have key roles in the management of wild or captive animals.

Connection between glycemic variability obtained using the uniGluko system and the quality of life people with type 1 diabetes

Research has shown that glycemic variability increases the risk of the development of acute and chronic complications with diabetes. Accordingly, the assessment of glycemic variability is of great importance to determine the quality of life for people suffering from diabetes. Objective: To examine the connection between glycemic variability and the quality of life for people with type 1 diabetes who use self-monitoring blood glucose devices. Respondents and methods: 42 respondents participated in the research with an average age of 39.6, who are treated with intensified insulin therapy. For the purpose of glycemic variability assessment, an innovative uniGluko system is used, which enables the display of glycemia in a unique graphic interface in the form of numeric values within the last three months from which a glycemic variability index was calculated as well as a general information survey, a survey on the quality of life from the World Health Organization (WHOQOL – BREF) and a short questionnaire regarding illness perception (Brief – IPQ). Results: By usage of standard deviation as a glyemic variability measure, statistically significant results have been obtained and they demonstrate that lower glycemic variability is connected to better quality of life (rs=-0.4571; p=0.0023), higher satisfaction with health (rs=-0.3186; p=0.0398) and reduced impact of disease on emotional life (rs=0.4097; p=0.,0071). Lower glucose variability implies reduced impact of disease on everyday life (rs=0.3091; p=0.0464), reduced incidence of symptoms (rs=0.3441; p=0.0255), and patients’ sense that they have more control over disease (rs=-0.5185; p=0.0004). Conclusion: The glycemic variability has a negative impact on life quality and health of patients with diabetes type 1.

Depression affects working memory performance: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

Depression is a complex disorder that can be caused by psychosocial and biological conditions, and it not only affects to emotional life, but also cognitive functions, specifically the executive functions, attention, psychomotor speed, and memory. Some results of the studies in the literature show that depressed individuals perform worse on cognitive tasks than healthy individuals, while others indicate that there is no difference. Moreover, there is also no consensus about the depressed people brain functionalities. We aimed to compare the people who has high and low depression score measured with Beck Depression Inventory in terms of their working memory performance by using n-back paradigm and their brain activity by using optical imaging with this study. The age of lower BDI group (n = 11) is 23,9 ± 3,04 and higher BDI group (n = 23) is 22,2 + 2,28. The fNIRS were recorded from each subject while neutral words-faces and emotional words-faces are given to the subjects in the visuospatial 2-back WM task. There are no significant differences between the two groups behaviorally during the working memory performance, however, the high BDI group's PFC activation in right hemisphere is founded to be higher than the lower group. Our findings support the literature who is claiming the difference brain activity in depressed brain but not cognitive performance. Though, the small group size and the task difficulty (easy) could be the explanation of the behavioral results.

EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING IN PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AND CAREGIVER AFFECT DURING DYADIC INTERACTIONS

Abstract Dementia caregivers can experience negative affect when interacting with their care recipients. However, few studies have examined the specific factors that predict caregiver negative affect in this dyadic context. We hypothesized that deficits in care recipients’ emotional functioning would be associated with increased intensity of caregivers’ negative affect during interactions with their care recipient. Caregivers (Nf100) reported on two aspects of their care recipients’ emotional functioning: (1) emotion recognition (the ability to recognize other people’s emotions), and (2) negative emotional reactivity (the ability to generate negative emotional responses). Dyads then visited the laboratory and engaged in a 10-minute conversation about an area of conflict in their relationship. Caregivers then watched recordings of their conversation while rating the valence and intensity of their experienced affect using a rating dial. We used these ratings to quantify changes in caregivers’ emotional valence across the course of the conversation. Caregivers of care recipients with greater deficits in emotion recognition demonstrated greater increases in negative affect across the conversation. In contrast, care recipients’ negative emotional reactivity was not related to changes in the valence of caregivers’ affect across the conversation. Findings remained significant even after accounting for caregiver baseline valence ratings, biological sex, and age, as well as the care recipients’ diagnosis and level of cognitive impairment. Results reveal the important role that care recipients’ deficits in emotion recognition play in caregivers’ emotional lives. Caregivers’ negative affect may be more likely to increase when their care recipient has deficits in emotion recognition.

Feeling in Values: Axiological and Emotional Intentionality as Living Structure of Ethical Life, Regarding Max Scheler’s Phenomenology

Some of the contemporary ethical debates have put in value the rational feature of feelings because of the estimative intentionality that is implied in them. In this context, some claim that the intentionality of emotions is a kind of value perception, as Phenomenology stressed at the beginning of the twentieth century, particularly Max Scheler, by analysing emotional Feeling [Fühlen] in the frame of emotional life. In order to extend the context of this philosophical debate, and after describing Scheler’s phenomenology of feelings of the intentional and non-intentional emotional life, firstly, we defend theaxiologicalandemotionalintentionalityasdoubleintentionality that—in our understanding—Scheler analyses phenomenologically, while taking distance from Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl’s intentional structure of estimative emotions. And, secondly, we propose a tentative interpretation of the link between estimative and emotional double intentionality as livingstructureofethicallife, in the light of Martin Heidegger’s Hermeneutical Phenomenology.

The Relationship Between Parents' Communication With Students Towards Emotional Intelligence In The First Year Of The Faculty Of Medicine Undana


 Background: Emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to regulate their emotional life by maintaining emotional harmony and expression through the skills of self-control, self-motivation, empathy and social skills. Emotional intelligence in adolescents are fundamentally formed based on the patterned form a relationship when communicating with parents.
 Objective: To analyze the relationship between parents and students' communication with emotional intelligence in the first year of the Faculty of Medicine Undana
 Methods: This study is an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional design carried out on first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Nusa Cendana University. The sampling technique is simple random sampling with a sample of 120 resopondents. This study used the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) questionnaire and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). The data was analyzed univariately and bivariately using the phi coefficient test. 
 Results: Phi coefficient test shows that there was no significant relationship of emotional intelligence with father communication (p=0.44) and maternal communication (p=0.447). 
 Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between Parents' and Students' Communication towards Emotional Intelligence In the First Year of the Faculty of Medicine Undana 
 Keywords: Parental Communication, Emotional Intelligence, First Year

QUALITY CARE AND CONFLICTING RIGHTS AMONG RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA, FAMILIES, AND STAFF IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES

Abstract Conflicting rights between residents with dementia and staff pose unique problems for quality of care in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Residents relying on staff for care may be afraid to express concerns. A disproportionate female (and often women of color) staff may be exposed to discrimination that stems from a resident’s loss of executive functioning and inability to control emotions. Family often find themselves somewhere in the middle. This study, thus, poses two research questions: (1) How do residents, families, and LTC staff understand their rights when conflicts arise between residents with dementia and staff?; (2) How can we leverage collective expertise of residents, families, and LTC staff to deliver a more holistic approach for addressing these conflicts? To answer these questions, I employed a multi-method qualitative design using semi-structured interviews (n=90) and participant observation (n=8 months). Building on legal consciousness theory—which explains how individuals invoke (or do not invoke) legal principles to define everyday experiences—findings revealed that staff rarely invoked legal framings to describe interactions whereas residents readily invoked rights rhetoric. Families mostly avoided rights rhetoric and instead focused on storytelling. All groups (residents, staff, and families) employed an array of emotional literacy and life experiences to navigate conflicts that coalesced around empathy. This paper concludes with research, policy, and practice suggestions for invoking principles of empathy to advance quality of care for residents with dementia by improving interactions among residents, staff, and family and workforce conditions for staff that flow from these interactions.

The Study of Feminism Based on Peaky Blinders

This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the "Peaky Blinders" from the aspects of role setting and plot arrangement from the standpoint of feminism, and tries to explain the breakthrough of the play in reshaping the female image and constructing the main body of female mainstream ideology. In the "Peaky Blinders", we can see the development process of feminist creative ideas from "the initial stage of essentialism tendency" to "the transitional stage of collision and integration of different feminist ideas" to "the experimental stage of trying a variety of feminist expressions" and then to "the personality stage of giving up ideas and free expression" which reflects women's recovery of initiative, women are the core and master their own emotional life. Through the analysis of the origin and development of feminism and the creation of female characters in the "Peaky Blinders", this paper reveals the great significance of female characters and tries to provide ideas for the process of creating them in film and television works for the long-term production. European and American female TV dramas can be regarded as an early and systematic bold practice of "she culture" in the field of film and television popular culture, providing rich content and various types of image texts. The image world in European and American female TV dramas corresponds to the real life under "her culture". It can be seen that European and American female TV dramas are new cultural products, which are closely related to the culture of the times and echo each other, which are its advantages. However, how to develop and improve in the future, how to develop new ideas and enrich the meaning of the text, and maintain fresh vitality and keen cultural insight are what European and American female TV dramas should think and adjust at this stage.

Perceived emotional intelligence and subjective well-being during adolescence: The moderating effect of age and sex

Studies focusing on subjective well-being during adolescence are relatively scarce yet necessary, due to the drop in well-being that occurs during this developmental stage. The aim of the present study is therefore: (1) to analyze the variability of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) and subjective well-being in accordance with sex and age; and (2) to explore the moderating effect of sex and age on the association between PEI and subjective well-being. The sample comprised 1542 students aged between 11 and 18 years, divided into two age groups: younger (11–14 years) and older (15–18 years). All participants completed the Trait Meta Mood Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Several ANOVAs and MANOVAs were performed using the SPSSv.28 statistical package. The simple moderation models were analyzed using the PROCESSv.4 macro. Age was the socio-personal variable that most significantly affected emotion repair and life satisfaction, whereas sex had a greater effect on the other variables studied. Sex moderated the predictive effect of emotional clarity on negative affect among girls, the predicted the effect of emotional attention on positive affect among boys, as well as the predictive effect of emotional clarity on life satisfaction in both groups. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.