Emotional Link Research Articles

The effects of induced positive and negative affect on Pavlovian-instrumental interactions

ABSTRACT Across species, animals have an intrinsic drive to approach appetitive stimuli and to withdraw from aversive stimuli. In affective science, influential theories of emotion link positive affect with strengthened behavioural approach and negative affect with avoidance. Based on these theories, we predicted that individuals’ positive and negative affect levels should particularly influence their behaviour when innate Pavlovian approach/avoidance tendencies conflict with learned instrumental behaviours. Here, across two experiments – exploratory Experiment 1 (N = 91) and a preregistered confirmatory Experiment 2 (N = 335) – we assessed how induced positive and negative affect influenced Pavlovian-instrumental interactions in a reward/punishment Go/No-Go task. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no evidence for a main effect of positive/negative affect on either approach/avoidance behaviour or Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. However, we did find evidence that the effects of induced affect on behaviour were moderated by individual differences in self-reported behavioural inhibition and gender. Exploratory computational modelling analyses explained these demographic moderating effects as arising from positive correlations between demographic factors and individual differences in the strength of Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. These findings serve to sharpen our understanding of the effects of positive and negative affect on instrumental behaviour.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IMAGE OF THE SUBJECT OF POST-NATIVE CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Background“Houtu” is the most unique cultural symbol and emotional link in the inheritance of agricultural cultural beliefs in ancient China, and it is also one of the important components of contemporary folk culture. Belief has been a unique psychological phenomenon of human beings since ancient times. It reflects human belief and compliance with the world outlook, outlook on life and values through psychological activities. “Houtu belief” originated from people's worship of land and first appeared in ancient agricultural society. Shanxi fenyin is the birthplace of “Houtu belief”, which is regarded as “the oldest ancestor and the most outstanding God in China”. Its temple is also a place for emperors of each dynasty to make pilgrimages and worship gods. It is also regarded as the crown of Houtu temple in China and the source of Houtu Royal worship. At the same time, with the rise of the study of regional emotional change, this study also helps to better understand the later beliefs.Subjects and MethodsStarting with the investigation of Houtu temple in fenyin County, Shanxi Province, this paper puts forward some problems, such as divine gender, image transformation and so on. From the pre Qin Dynasty to the early Western Han Dynasty, the Houtu God was the God of men, but now the Nuwa statue in Wanrong Houtu temple is the God of women. What's the reason? In view of this, this paper examines the evolution process and function of backland image from the perspective of belief psychology, and probes into its contemporary artistic value. In addition, this paper also uses Likert scoring method to evaluate the scale. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance are combined to illustrate the correlation. The t-test of independent samples was used to verify the differences between male and female believers. According to the statistical value of emotion, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating emotion and promoting emotion. Through t-test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis, we investigated the relationship between time span, psychological activities and social status of believers of different beliefs and genders.ResultsAccording to the conclusion of this paper, the evolution of Houtu culture is an interactive process between objective social environment and subjective belief psychology. The image of Houtu culture and its belief activities have experienced a relatively unique cultural evolution process. The study studied male god believers and goddess believers, and found that compared with male god believers, goddess believers have much higher social status and audience. However, there was no significant difference in emotional level between male and female gods.With the development of society, it is gradually socialized and official. The image of backland has been recognized, re understood and recognized in the historical changes in order to adapt to and deal with social and cultural beliefs and historical context. It creatively reforms and integrates the national historical and cultural traditions and the social practical experience of various times, and constructs a new cultural form that respects the tradition and reflects the social practical experience.ConclusionsNowadays, in the multicultural context, “Houtu belief”, as a new national custom and cultural event, not only ensures the cultural legitimacy of Houtu culture in the local society, but also continues the inseparable relationship and memory between them and their ancestral civilization. It provides a new theoretical perspective and practical basis for the later research in the multicultural context. It can also promote the use of psychology to broaden the direction of studying national customs and culture.AcknowledgementSupported by the following projects, 2019 Jinzhong University “1331 Project” innovation team “Shanxi Cultural Heritage Inheritance and Provincial Cultural Tourism Strengthen Provincial Strategy Research” (JzxycxTD2019002). 2020 Shanxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project: Research on animal Images of Chinese Buddhist Art (2020W184). University-level teaching reform project of Jinzhong University: Research on teaching reform of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” into “Colleges and University Zhejiang Provincial Heritage Conservation Technology Project (2020016).

Target Personification Influences the Positive Emotional Link Between Generating and Implementing Malevolently Creative Ideas

ABSTRACT Research on malevolent creativity has rarely linked the generation of harmful ideas with their implementation (i.e., malevolent innovation). To explain why people might act upon their malevolently creative ideas, we drew on affective events theory. Specifically, given evidence that aggressive and creative thought events can elicit positive emotions, we argued that generating new and harmful ideas can evoke positive emotional states that make malevolent innovation a more desirable course of action. We first tested our mediational pathway in two studies with different malevolent creativity tasks. Finding only partial support for our predictions in Study 1 (N = 126), but full support in Study 2 (N = 296), we reflected on our study tasks and suspected that our mixed results may have occurred because the target of ideas in Study 2 embodied more human qualities than in Study 1. Thus, we integrated theory on target personification to see if assigning personhood to a target moderated the malevolent creativity-innovation pathway. We tested our updated model in Study 3 (N = 214) and found that the indirect effect of malevolent creativity on the desire to implement ideas (through positive emotions) was indeed conditional upon individuals’ personification of a target.

The emotional link between color and music: What happens with atonal music?

The emotional link between color and music: What happens with atonal music?

Social Network, Cognition and Participation in Rural Health Governance.

Rural health governance is an important part of low-carbon green life, which is also related to the sustainable development and population health project in rural areas. Based on the survey data of 2343 rural residents in China, this study adopted a binary logistic regression model to explore the effects of rural residents’ social network and cognition on their participation in rural health governance. The research results show that only less than 30% of the respondents participated in rural health governance, and the proportion of rural resident participating is not high. Both their social network and cognition have a significant impact on their participation in rural health governance. Introverted communication helps strengthen the connection between rural residents, form the network and structure of rural social communication, build emotional links and common interests, and form a common cultural understanding paradigm and action framework. The extraverted communication means that rural residents gradually break away from the social network of acquaintances, which is not conducive to building a rural community. Rural residents’ understanding of behavior begins to deviate from rural culture, customs and emotional values, and the binding force of traditional culture is reduced, making it difficult to motivate them to participate in rural public life. Policy cognition can improve rural residents’ recognition of the value and significance of health governance. Responsibility awareness is the internal driving force for rural residents to participate in health governance, which can also reduce the governance cost of rural managers. Based on this, increasing rural residents’ introverted communication and cultivating their sense of responsibility are key to promoting their participation in rural health governance.

The Role of Emotion and Calculative Self-Interest in Trust Perception:Case of the Dairy Value Chain

ABSTRACT Trust among actors plays an important role in contracting decisions and cooperative membership. There is, however, a concern to understand trust development and the determinants of trust perception. In this paper, trust perception is explained by emotions and calculative self-interest along with other predictors, namely transaction costs in the value chain exchange. We assume that emotional non-calculative trust and calculative self-interest are both present in local rural economies, making this context appropriate to test our hypothesis regarding the importance of emotional links in networking and contracting along the value chain. We used a sample of breeders in a local community to construct the emotional non-calculative self-interest and the calculative self-interest components and investigated how these two indicators contribute to generate trust perception. In addition, transaction costs related to opportunism, uncertainty and, dependency have strong effect on trust perception. The results provide support that emotional non-calculative self-interest fosters trust perception; despite opportunistic behavior and distrust, breeders are able to build trusty links using close relationships. Smallholder dairy farmers could use existing social networks to control high transaction costs, to foster trust and institute sustainable contracts as a way to coordinate transactions.

Supplemental Material for The Emotional Link Between Color and Music: What Happens With Atonal Music?

Supplemental Material for The Emotional Link Between Color and Music: What Happens With Atonal Music?

Directivos ante situaciones de crisis. El uso de LinkedIn por parte de la CEO de Metro de Madrid durante la borrasca Filomena / Senior managers in crisis situations. The use of LinkedIn by the CEO of Metro de Madrid during the storm Filomena

In January 2021, the storm Filomena paralysed Spain. One of the most affected cities was Madrid, which suffered a general collapse for several days. Metro de Madrid (underground railway company and one of the most popular public services in the city) continued to provide service to its users. Silvia Roldan (CEO of Metro de Madrid) wrote a daily post on LinkedIn to explain to users what problems they were facing, how they were being solved and how the service was ensured. Metro de Madrid is an underground railway company that was inaugurated in 1919. It extends over 294 kilometres distributed in 302 stations. It employs 7,000 persons. Other data of Metro de Madrid are: 2,400 cars, 8,758 security cameras, 1,263 vending machines, 2,424 tele-indicators, 1,703 escalators, 541 lifts and 5,386 intercoms. "LinkedIn is a social network that has a great attraction, you are addressing a professional audience, which judges you on the basis of the work you do", says the CEO of Metro de Madrid in an interview conducted to illustrate this research. This research is based on two hypotheses: 1) In a crisis context, direct communication between a company's executive and stakeholders reduces uncertainty and helps to restore institutional equilibrium; and 2) It is possible to find a paradigmatic model in this type of communication with specific stakeholders. This research carried out a quantitative and qualitative analysis using a content analysis of Roldan’s posts on LinkedIn during this crisis and an interview with the CEO of Metro de Madrid. This case gives us some lessons in communication as main results. LinkedIn is an optimal platform for crisis communication, especially if we want to transmit moderately long messages, with nuances, aimed at a professional audience willing to listen and dialogue. Roldan’s colloquial and friendly tone used in her posts are justified in this case (Filomena crisis). She is CEO of the company, direct witness of the facts and responsible for the solutions that are implemented. She uses the first-person narrative, which produces closeness and is a good remedy against uncertainty. It complements institutional messages, transmitted through institutional media and channels, which use a more aseptic and formal tone. The use of photographs in the published posts establishes an emotional links between the author of the post and readers. Readers feel like a direct witness of the facts, especially when the photograph is a subjective close-up. LinkedIn, despite not being Metro de Madrid's main communication channel, is a useful and valuable platform for communicating in emergency situations, even in a more personal and less institutional way than other platforms. Perhaps its greatest virtue is to target a professional and specialised audience, which can be proactive in the resolution of an emergency. The use of LinkedIn in emergency situations is still under-researched compared to other social platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp or Instagram. This article is part of the competitive research project: “Crisis and emergency communication in Social Media. Study of its use in Spain and design of information protocols for institutions and media (COMCRISIS - PID2019-109064GB-I00)” granted and funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government.

The Chechens and Kurds of Kazakhstan between Historical and Second Homelands

Abstract Almost all minority ethnic groups in Kazakhstan are immigrants. This means that in addition to their current place of residence, Kazakhstan (their “Second Homeland”), they also have a place of origin (their “Historical Homeland”). The leadership of the country has approached this situation, which offers opportunities as well as dangers, by explicitly exhorting the official ethnic representations of minorities to nurture contacts with their Historical Homelands. In this article the examples of the Chechens and Kurds will be used to show how the representations of both ethnicities actively and politically pursued this task. For both groups, representing a nation without an independent state, a fourth actor must be added to the “triangle nexus” familiar from diaspora studies, respectively Russia and Turkey, whose positions the Kazakhstani government cannot simply disregard. What emerges from the study is the strong emotional link of both minorities’ representatives with Kazakhstan as their Second Homeland.

Women's Lived Experience of Emotional Bonding with Their Husbands and Successful Vaginal Delivery: A Phenomenological Study

Childbirth is one of the most important events in women's lives and a bridge for them to enter the maternal stage and accept a new role in the family. Due to the need to promote natural childbirth in the country, in this study, women's lived experience of the emotional link between wife and husband and successful natural delivery studied using the phenomenological methodology and in-depth interviews. Twelve participants were selected from among Tehran's first-born women by purposeful sampling. In this study, according to qualitative and phenomenological research, the sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation criterion to achieve the research goal and lake of new information's appearance. The collected data analyzed by the Colaizzi method. This study's central theme is the spouse's emotional role in vaginal delivery, which is extracted from three sub-themes of the spouse's positive emotional attitude about natural childbirth, spouse's emotional participation during birth, and spouse's emotional protection after delivery. It seems that the emotional connection between husband and wife in this during can create a more pleasant experience of birth in women and increase women's desire for a natural birth. Indeed, Childbirth is a process that begins with the choice of the type of delivery, and it continues until the full recovery of women after childbirth. The emotional interaction of spouses plays an essential role in the passage of this stage and women's lived experience.

Development and Usability Validation of a Social Robot Platform for Physical and Cognitive Stimulation in Elder Care Facilities

This article shows our work for developing an elder care platform for social interaction and physical and cognitive stimulation using the Pepper robot and Android OS as clients, based on the knowledge acquired on our long-term social robotics research experience. The first results of the user’s acceptance of the solution are presented in this article. The platform is able to provide different services to the user, such as information, news, games, exercises or music. The games, which have a bi-modal way of interacting (speech and a touch screen interface), have been designed for cognitive stimulation based on the items of the mini-mental state examination. The results of the user’s performance are stored in a cloud database and can be reviewed by therapists through a web interface that also allows them to establish customized therapy plans for each user. The platform has been tested and validated, first using adult people and then deployed to an elder care facility where the robot has been interacting with users for a long period of time. The results and feedback received have shown that the robot can help to keep the users physically and mentally active as well as establish an emotional link between the user and the robot.

Heritage places and the place attachment of adolescents: The case of the Castelo of Vila Nova de Cerveira (Portugal)

Heritage places represent a reference for past action and experience since memories, values, and desires can be stored and processed externally. This emotional link is known as ‘place attachment’ that, according to different studies, is a high predictor for place-protective actions. Therefore, local community involvement has been fundamental to the conservation of heritage, and to sustaining tourism development.Studying the case of Vila Nova de Cerveira, a village that is suffering progressively rural gentrification at the same time that heritage places are experiencing a process of commodification, it is possible to offer insights into how gentrification affects the community place attachment of adolescents in an environment of social change using a qualitative methodology.In a way, material heritage becomes deterritorialized and dislocated from everyday life. Studies of place attachment need to also include an ethnographic dimension, to consider new situations which emerge when heritage places have become detached from the youth of the historical community.

#3117 Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis: a case level meta-analysis

Objectives/AimsFregoli syndrome is a rare delusion characterised by the misidentification of an individual, typically of someone who the patient has an emotional link towards. The pathoaetiology of Fregoli syndrome remains largely a mystery, however, it has been described in patients experiencing either a primary or secondary (organic) psychosis. We sought to compare the neuropsychiatric features of Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis.MethodsA patient-level meta-analysis was conducted. Five databases were searched for any descriptions of Fregoli syndrome. The patients and the psychotic episodes details alongside the co-occurring neuropsychiatric features and treatment responses were extracted. A risk of bias assessment was carried by scoring the methodological quality of all case studies. Random-effects models were used to pool the data and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each of the neuropsychiatric features extracted between primary and secondary psychoses groups.ResultsA total of 119 patients (62 with primary psychosis, 50 with secondary psychosis and 7 with mixed or unknown aetiology) with Fregoli syndrome were identified in the English literature. Persecutory features were more likely to occur in patients with primary Fregoli syndrome (OR = 0.26, 95% CI[0.10;0.67], p < 0.01). In addition, Fregoli syndrome in the context of a first-episode psychosis (OR = 11.00, 95% CI [2.45;49.39], p < 0.01) and in the presence of neuroimaging abnormalities (OR = 20.19, 95% CI [4.36; 93.47], p < 0.01) was significantly associated with secondary aetiology. Patients in the secondary psychosis group (n=14) showed more right hemisphere lesions than patients in the primary psychosis group (n=1), however this trend was not significant (p = 0.10). Furthermore, no statistical differences between psychoses groups were found for the demographic, clinical and neurophysiological features analysed.ConclusionsThis is the first meta-analysis investigating the features of Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis.Findings suggest that secondary causes of Fregoli syndrome are associated with a first-episode of psychosis and that neuroimaging abnormalities, particularly in the right hemisphere, are associated with a secondary organic cause.

Clinique des hallucinations acoustico-verbales chez les enfants et les adolescents dans les suites d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique : illustration en cas cliniques

Auditory-verbal hallucination (AVH) has a prevalence rate of 12 % in children and adolescents. It is considered to be a transient and benign developmental phenomenon. Its persistence into adolescence may be associated with more severe psychiatric diagnoses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by repetitive intrusive traumatic memories associated with symptoms of sensory reliving (flashbacks). Although hallucination is not described as a symptom of PTSD, the literature reports a greater risk of developing AVH in individuals with PTSD. The clinical aspect of hallucinations associated with PTSD is a topic of study. We propose to study the mechanisms involved in the development and evolution of AVH in the context of PTSD in a pediatric population. Four clinical cases are presented to illustrate this topic from children and adolescents with a diagnosis of PTSP (DSM 5) associated with AVH without associated schizophrenia spectrum disorder (DSM 5). The AVH presented by our patients can be associated with traumatic reliving but also with other types of more elaborate hallucinations. They represent several malevolent voices with negative content. Thematic and emotional links can be established between these hallucinations and the traumas in question. They allow us to understand the hallucination as an indirect “re-experience” of the trauma. We propose a model of a continuum of symptoms between sensory re-experiencing and hallucination whose future risk is the progressive constitution towards a psychotic disorder. The identification of the hallucination in the pediatric population is a major challenge for the clinician. Hallucination is an experience wrongly considered as belonging to the schizophrenia spectrum disorder and is not sufficient to retain this diagnosis.

DISTANCE EDUCATION EXPERIENCES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL MATH TEACHERS DURING THE PANDEMIC: A NARRATIVE STUDY

All schools in Turkey have quickly entered into the process of distance education because of the Covid-19 outbreak. In this process, mathematics teachers have become an associate of this process to teach math lessons at a distance. The subject of the current study is the experiences of teachers in this process of distance teaching of math, which is a compulsory subject in all secondary schools. The participants of the current study designed as a narrative study are 15 math teachers experienced on the subject. As a result of the study, a total of five super-themes emerged. The first super-theme includes codes related to the general structure of the math course. The second super-theme is theme of hardware and Web 2.0 tools. This sub-theme includes codes related to their experiences of EBA TV, EBA Internet and other alternative tools of distance education. The third sub-theme is the Socio Cultural super theme. This theme is consisted of sub-codes including political issues, state of the student, state of the parent and socio-economic situations. The fourth sub- theme includes the codes related to psychological states arising from the extraordinary situation emerging in the pandemic (period of pandemic, cyber bullying, emotional links). The fifth sub-theme is related to the readiness of teachers.

On another track: Differing views of experts and politicians on rail investments in peripheral localities

Israeli politicians strongly support inter-urban rail investment and network development connecting peripheral localities, while transport experts voice criticism and oppose many of the planned investments. This study focuses on the lacuna in transportation scholarship regarding elected officials' expectations from rail investment in peripheral areas and its potential to reduce spatial disparities, stressing that there is little research effort to reveal the reasoning of politicians when promoting transport investment and the extent to which some of the political considerations may reflect an authentic representation of public sentiments.First, an explorative qualitative study was conducted, using multiple data sets, including 12 in-depth interviews with elected officials and transport decision makers, newspaper articles, and professional documents. Analysis identified four main themes with conflicting perspectives between transport experts and politicians: Marginal vis-a-vis revolutionary effects; daily vis-a-vis less frequent activities; transport link vis-a-vis emotional link and social justice vis-a-vis social commitment. These themes reflect the tension between the discourse of accessibility led by experts and the implied discourse of mobility by politicians.The second stage was based on a large scale survey of 2008 respondents from peripheral and central localities in Israel, aimed at revealing public beliefs and preferences regarding rail investment in peripheral localities.Results showed that differences of opinion between experts and politicians do not stem only from political bias or irrelevant interests but reflect experts' inability to consider benefits that are appreciated by both politicians and the general public. The study also draws attention to different approaches to the goals of transportation systems. While the dominant voice in scholarly discourse considers accessibility gains as the main goal of transport policy, both elected politicians and residents from peripheral localities also appreciate mobility gains.

МЕДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СУРОГАТНОГО МАТЕРИНСТВА

Surrogacy is associated with a wide range of factors that increase maternal and perinatal risks. The use of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technologies determines the higher frequency of multiple pregnancies that enhances the risk of cesarean section, premature birth, low body weight in newborns, etc. in case of surrogacy. Genetic differences and immunogenetic reactions increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, placental pathology, abortion, intrauterine growth retardation. Hormonal disbalance under the effect of adverse factors during surrogate pregnancy may initiate prenatal reprogramming of morphogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms. This can affect the organogenesis and predispose to susceptibility to various diseases. Psychological factors and emotional link between a surrogate mother and a fetus are associated with increased levels of hormones of stress-releasing systems, which affect the formation of neurohumoral systems of the fetus and can modulate its mental development.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Names and Naming in Igarra (Etuno)

The study examines the Pragmatic meanings of names and naming in Igarra (Etuno). Data gathered from Igarra (Etuno) names have been purposely selected for Speech Act analysis because of their assertive, penetrating and incisive messages. Specifically, the Speech Act theory which consists of locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts was applied in the data analysis. The ‘invisible meaning’ of the selected names were analysed using the pragmatic and linguistic tools of context and speech acts. It has been observed that Igarra people previously preferred names sourced from other languages especially Yoruba language but there have been shifts in attitude because of the realization that Igarra (Etuno) names are as meaningful as names from other climes. Another significant reason is the fact that Igarra people have now recognized the importance of preserving Etuno language. The study investigated the pragmatic implications of the names by exploring the reasons and circumstances of the selected names. The names were purposively selected from families and friends. For ease of analysis, the data were grouped according to different circumstances surrounding the names. The findings from this study showed that Igarra names do not only identify a person but also communicate so much about the circumstances surrounding the person’s birth. The study concludes that names perform several speech acts like informing, requesting, questioning or expressing gratitude which are reflective of the emotional link or expectations of the giver of the name. The study recommends that names and naming should indeed have cultural inkling and should reflect the situational nuances about their birth. This will aid language survival.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Names and Naming in Igarra (Etuno)

The study examines the Pragmatic meanings of names and naming in Igarra (Etuno). Data gathered from Igarra (Etuno) names have been purposely selected for Speech Act analysis because of their assertive, penetrating and incisive messages. Specifically, the Speech Act theory which consists of locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts was applied in the data analysis. The ‘invisible meaning’ of the selected names were analysed using the pragmatic and linguistic tools of context and speech acts. It has been observed that Igarra people previously preferred names sourced from other languages especially Yoruba language but there have been shifts in attitude because of the realization that Igarra (Etuno) names are as meaningful as names from other climes. Another significant reason is the fact that Igarra people have now recognized the importance of preserving Etuno language. The study investigated the pragmatic implications of the names by exploring the reasons and circumstances of the selected names. The names were purposively selected from families and friends. For ease of analysis, the data were grouped according to different circumstances surrounding the names. The findings from this study showed that Igarra names do not only identify a person but also communicate so much about the circumstances surrounding the person’s birth. The study concludes that names perform several speech acts like informing, requesting, questioning or expressing gratitude which are reflective of the emotional link or expectations of the giver of the name. The study recommends that names and naming should indeed have cultural inkling and should reflect the situational nuances about their birth. This will aid language survival.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Names and Naming in Igarra (Etuno)

The study examines the Pragmatic meanings of names and naming in Igarra (Etuno). Data gathered from Igarra (Etuno) names have been purposely selected for Speech Act analysis because of their assertive, penetrating and incisive messages. Specifically, the Speech Act theory which consists of locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts was applied in the data analysis. The ‘invisible meaning’ of the selected names were analysed using the pragmatic and linguistic tools of context and speech acts. It has been observed that Igarra people previously preferred names sourced from other languages especially Yoruba language but there have been shifts in attitude because of the realization that Igarra (Etuno) names are as meaningful as names from other climes. Another significant reason is the fact that Igarra people have now recognized the importance of preserving Etuno language. The study investigated the pragmatic implications of the names by exploring the reasons and circumstances of the selected names. The names were purposively selected from families and friends. For ease of analysis, the data were grouped according to different circumstances surrounding the names. The findings from this study showed that Igarra names do not only identify a person but also communicate so much about the circumstances surrounding the person’s birth. The study concludes that names perform several speech acts like informing, requesting, questioning or expressing gratitude which are reflective of the emotional link or expectations of the giver of the name. The study recommends that names and naming should indeed have cultural inkling and should reflect the situational nuances about their birth. This will aid language survival.