Emotion-focused Coping Research Articles

OVERVIEW OF STRESS COPING STRATEGIES FOR ELDERLY CAREGIVERS IN SOCIAL SERVICE CENTERS

Background: Coping strategies are changes in thinking and behavior that occur in a person in facing pressure from the environment in the form of stressors. Yogyakarta Special Region is the province with the highest percentage of elderly at 15.52%. Many families choose to entrust the elderly to live in an orphanage. The high level of daily activity carried out by the elderly can increase the physical burden of their caregivers. In this regard, the stressors that arise as a result of caring for the elderly require caregivers to have different coping strategies from each other.Purpose: This research aims to determine the description of stress coping strategies among elderly caregivers at service centersMethods: This research design uses non-experimental descriptive quantitative research methods. The sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 34 caregivers. The measuring tool uses The Ways of Coping questionnaireResults: The results show that the majority of caregivers, 55.9%, use Problem Focused Coping (PFC). In coping strategies based on respondent characteristics, the results showed that gender, age, marital status and length of work all used PFC. Then, based on education level, the results showed that high school graduates used Emotional Focused Coping (EFC) and D3/Bachelor graduates used PFC. Furthermore, in terms of characteristics based on religion, the results showed that Muslim caregivers used PFC and Catholic caregivers used both.Conclusions: The majority of categories of stress coping strategies used by elderly caregivers are Problem Focused Coping Keywords: stress coping strategies, elderly caregivers

Mental health coping strategies and support needs among marginalised further and higher education students in the UK: A cross-sectional study

Students who are marginalised based on varying identities, backgrounds and characteristics are highly vulnerable to mental health challenges, but many do not receive appropriate support from healthcare services. Several barriers have been identified, including cultural and systemic factors. Therefore, everyday coping strategies and support in different settings are vital. This study examines the mental health coping strategies and support needs among marginalised students in the United Kingdom (UK). We analysed qualitative and quantitative data from a cross-sectional survey conducted between December 2021 and July 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted on data obtained using the abbreviated version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE). Qualitative content analysis was applied to data collected using open-ended questions. From a subsample of 788 further and higher education students, 581 (73.7%) students (M = 25 years, SD = 8.19) were categorised as marginalised based on ethnicity, sex/gender, sexuality, religious beliefs, first language, birth country, age (i.e., mature students), and having special education needs/disabilities. Marginalised students had significantly higher scores for problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies/practices compared to other students. Coping strategies included talking to friends and family, practising religion or spirituality, engaging in creative/innovative activities like hobbies, using entertainment as a distraction, waiting to see if things improve and isolating. Students expressed a need for improved or tailored services, additional academic support, and appropriate social support. These included contemporary approaches to support mental health, such as online provisions, regular mentor/personal tutor meetings, lowered academic pressures and opportunities for organised peer support. The findings from this study highlight significant and timely evidence on coping strategies and support needs among a wide range of marginalised student groups in the UK. This study provides important knowledge that is useful to inform personalised culturally appropriate mental health support that can be offered in education settings.

Randomized effectiveness-implementation trial of dialectical behavior therapy interventions for young people with borderline personality disorder symptoms.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for people with emerging borderline personality disorder (BPD). In "real world" clinical settings, standard DBT is resource intensive. Emerging evidence suggests that group-based DBT skills training alone can lead to promising outcomes. This hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial directly compared the effectiveness of an 8-week group DBT-skills training program and a 16-week DBT-informed program including individual treatment and group-based skills training. This pragmatic trial employed a staggered, parallel-groups design. We recruited 104 participants, aged 16-25 years, with emotion dysregulation or emerging BPD symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive either program at a youth mental health service located in the Gold Coast, Australia. Data was collected via online surveys at baseline, 8-week, 16-week, and 24-week follow-up. Mixed effect linear models compared groups on the primary outcomes of emotion dysregulation and BPD symptoms, and secondary outcomes of suicidal ideation, coping skills, depression, anxiety, and stress. Across groups there were significant and sustained improvements relating to emotion dysregulation, BPD symptoms, stress, depression, and emotion-focused coping; but not suicide risk, anxiety, or task-focused coping. There was no significant time by group differences between the 8-week and 16-week interventions on any primary or secondary outcome. The more intensive mode of delivering DBT was not more effective than the brief group-based skills training. Both interventions resulted in significant improvements across both primary and most secondary outcomes. These results have implications for clinical practice regarding length and intensity of DBT treatment in young people.

Coping strategies of internally displaced persons and the host community in a region of armed conflict: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundConflict leads to the displacement of people, making it more difficult for them to cope with increasing stress. In war-affected regions, people use different strategies to cope with their stress. This study examines the coping strategies of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and those in host communities in war zones. MethodsPeople living in the IDP camp and host communities in Maiduguri, Nigeria were recruited using a convenient sampling strategy. A 28-item Hausa version of the Brief COPE Scale wasused for data collection. Data were analyzed using linear regression and presented as unstandardized beta (B) and standard error (SE). ResultsA total of 562 participants were recruited (IDPs, n = 281; and the host communities, n = 281). Problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies were identified as the most common approaches used in host communities; however, dysfunctional strategies were morecommon among the IDPs. Age (younger or older adulthood) was identified as a predictor forthe use of emotion-, problem-, and dysfunctional-focused coping strategies. ConclusionHost communities were more likely to use a problem-and emotion-focused approach to coping, while IDPs were more likely to use dysfunctional strategies. Location and demographic factors (being single, aged 18–29years, >50 years and older) also influenced coping.

Disruptive behaviors in the classroom, a question of gender or of inadequate forms of coping?

Disruptive behaviors in the classroom are a cause of concern for schools and educational researchers because of their impact on the rhythm of the class, harming students and teachers. The literature links the use of different coping strategies with disruptive behavior, with controversy regarding the frequency in which boys and girls engage in them, as well as a differential use of problem-focused versus emotion-focused strategies within the sexes. This study aimed to explore the relationships between gender, coping strategies, and adolescent disruptive behaviors and to identify possible idiosyncratic profiles of students regarding gender and the typology of disruptive behaviors. A sample of 382 high school students from the city of Algeciras (Cádiz, Spain) completed the Hormigo et al. (2003) Questionnaire of Perception of Conflict Behaviors and the Spanish adaptation of the Cano et al. (2007) Coping Strategies Inventory. The results showed that problem-focused coping strategies predicted a lower frequency of disruptive behaviors, whereas emotion-focused coping strategies increased the frequency of disruptive behaviors regardless of gender. Three differentiated profiles of students have also been identified: two groups of boys (adolescents who frequently committed all types of disruptive behaviors and boys who engage less frequently in disruptive behaviors) and a group of girls, more homogeneous, who resemble the group of disruptive boys showing more aggression towards teachers and school material and slightly disobedient, and differing from both boys groups regarding aggression among students.

The Role of Common Dyadic Coping as Mediator Between Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction in Transition to Parenthood

<span lang="EN-US">In the transition to parenthood, couples will face many changes until the child is two years old. Thus, it is important for couples to apply common dyadic coping. However, common dyadic coping is influenced by individual attachment styles. This study aims to determine the role of common dyadic coping during the transition to parenthood as mediator between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Measurements used in this study are Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised (ECR-R), Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Data was obtained through an online survey of Indonesian citizens aged ≥ 21 years, currently married, and having only children aged zero to two years (N mothers = 90%, M ages = 27.9, SD ages = 2.8). The results of the mediation model analysis on PROCESS macro from Hayes showed that problem-focused common dyadic coping partially mediates the relationship between anxious attachment and marital satisfaction (</span><span lang="EN-US">β</span><span lang="EN-US"> = -0.084, p < .001), and avoidant attachment with marital satisfaction (</span><span lang="EN-US">β</span><span lang="EN-US"> = -0.084, p < .001). Likewise, emotion-focused common dyadic coping partially mediates the relationship between anxious attachment and marital satisfaction (</span><span lang="EN-US">β</span><span lang="EN-US"> = -0.084, p < .001), and avoidant attachment and marital satisfaction (</span><span lang="EN-US">β</span><span lang="EN-US"> = -0.084, p < .001).</span>

The Association Between Coping Strategies and Psychological and Emotional Distress Among Health Care Providers Caring for Autistic Children in Jordan.

Health care providers (HCPs) caring for autistic children report more perceived psychological and emotional distress related to their job. However, not much is known about what can be done to mitigate such distress, especially in countries with limited mental health resources, such as Jordan. This study aimed to examine the association between coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant) and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs of autistic children in Jordan. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 180 HCPs working with autistic children in Jordan were recruited through autism centers and social media using an online self-administered questionnaire. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 31% of the variability in perceived emotional distress was explained by its significant association with problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. Likewise, 39% of the variability in perceived psychological distress was explained by its significant association with gender, having an immediate family, area of specialty, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping. The study shows that problem-focused coping significantly decreases perceived emotional distress, whereas emotion-focused and avoidant coping significantly increase perceived emotional distress. Avoidant coping significantly increases perceived psychological distress. Understanding the association between coping strategies and perceived emotional and psychological distress among HCPs can assist mental health nurses in identifying at-risk providers and providing timely emotional and psychological support.

Relation between Burnout and Psychosocial Factors in Health Care Providers and Family Caregivers of Patients with Cancer

Abstract Introduction Burnout has been widely studied among oncology health care providers such as nurses and doctors. However, it is a less explored but highly prevalent factor in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Objective The study aimed to understand the construct of burnout among health care providers and family caregivers of patients with cancer, through three objectives: (1) to distinguish burnout between health care providers and family caregivers; (2) to predict burnout based on measurable characteristics, namely, perceived stress, psychological morbidity, well-being, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping; and (3) to find out the levels of burnout (low, medium, and high) in health care providers and family caregivers. Materials and Methods It is a cross-sectional study conducted among the health care providers and family caregivers of patients with cancer. The measures used in the study were the Professional Quality of Life scale, 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, 5-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, Brief COPE inventory, and a sociodemographic details form. Results The study found a statistically significant difference in the mean burnout of health care providers (p = 0.027) and family caregivers. Study variables such as perceived stress and avoidant coping positively predicted burnout, whereas well-being and emotion-focused coping negatively predicted burnout. The study also found that a majority of the participants fell into the category of “medium” level of burnout. Conclusion While enhancing well-being and employing adaptive coping styles can act as the mitigating factors to burnout, the existence of stress and maladaptive styles of coping can prove counterproductive in dealing with burnout in work environments. This indicates that there is a need for psychosocial interventions to help the medical professionals deal with the burnout.

Anxiety and Coping Strategies of Married Women

The present study attempted an empirical investigation to explore· the anxiety and coping strategies of married women according to their ' family type and' employment status in Chittagong city. A total of 100 respondents constituted the sample of ·the study. The Benga1i version of Anxiety scale developed by (Deeba and Begum 2004) and the Bengali version of Coping Scale adapted by Huque (2004) were used to measure anxiety and coping strategies of the respondents. Data were analyzed 'by using mean, standard deviation, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),). Pearson Product Moment Correlation and frequency. The findings of the present study showed' that family type has n·o significant effect on anxiety but employment. status has significant effect on anxiety (F=4.773, df= l.96, p<0.5). Housewives expressed 'more anxiety than employed married women. Result also showed that employment status and family type have significant effect on both problem-focus and emotion-focused coping. Anxiety was positively correlated with both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. 47 participants were found mildly anxious, 16 were found moderately anxious, and 7 were found severely anxious, and 7 were found profoundly anxious. The Chittagong Univ. J.B. Sci..8(1&2): 63-74; 2013

#3082 Barriers for self-management in dialysis patients: which patients experience which barriers?

Abstract Background and Aims Self-management skills can be an important asset to patients with a chronic disease. Inadequate disease-related self-management skills can lead to reduced control of the disease, which may eventually lead to poorer health outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Self-management involves a variety of domains, such as self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in own abilities), coping (i.e., how someone deals with difficult situations) and locus of control (i.e., the extent to which individuals feel they have control over situations and experiences that affect their lives). Self-management may especially play an important role for dialysis patients, due to the chronicity of their disease, the multimorbidity and the adverse outcomes these patients may experience. Nonetheless, information remains lacking on self-management in these patients, impeding identification of patients in whom self-management may be improved. Thus, we aimed to identify barriers for self-management in dialysis patients and in which patient subgroups these barriers may play an important role. Method Individuals were included from the Dutch nOcturnal and hoME dialysis Study To Improve Clinical Outcomes (DOMESTICO); a multicenter cohort study comparing in-center with home dialysis. Incident dialysis patients of ≥18 years who were expected to dialyse for at least three months were eligible for inclusion. Extensive data collection was performed, including the Self-Management Screening (SeMaS) questionnaire at dialysis initiation. In this study, we included all individuals with a SeMaS questionnaire. The SeMaS questionnaire collects information on self-management barriers in 10 domains: disease burden, computer skills, group functioning, self-care, locus of control, self-efficacy, social support, coping style, anxiety and depression. For these individuals, descriptive statistics of the domains were reported. Additionally, we pre-specified six factors that could be associated with these domains: sex, age, educational level, cohabitation, treatment modality (i.e., haemodialysis [HD] vs. peritoneal dialysis) and multimorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]). We determined the association between these factors and the self-management barriers using a bi-serial point correlation. Results We included 1515 individuals with a SeMaS questionnaire. Median age was 68 years (IQR 57-74) and 33.3% was female. Educational level was low for 45.8% of patients and high for 23.5% of patients. Of all patients, 75.6% of patients was treated with HD and 62.0% was cohabitating with a partner. Median CCI was 3 (2-5). Most patients had moderate disease burden (64.2%), many were at least slightly willing to engage in self-care (85.1%) and the majority also felt confident in their ability for dealing with their disease (i.e., self-efficacy; 91.8%) (Fig. 1). Additionally, most patients felt at least slightly in control regarding their own health and related outcomes (i.e., locus of control; 86.6%). Just over half of all patients had good problem-solving focused coping skills (55.1%), while only a minor part had good emotion-focused coping skills (20.0%). Regarding influencing factors (Table 1), female sex was correlated with distraction-focused and emotion-focused coping (r 0.13, 95% CI 0.08; 0.19 and r 0.16, 95% CI 0.11; 0.22, respectively). Age was correlated with all domains, most strongly with computer skills (r −0.33, 95% CI −0.38; −0.28), as was educational level (r 0.39, 95% CI 0.40; 0.44). Cohabitating was clearly correlated with social support (r 0.26, 95% CI 0.20; 0.31). Both dialysis modality and CCI were associated with self-care (r 0.23, 95% CI 0.17; 0.27 and r −0.10, 95% CI −0.16; −0.05, respectively). Conclusion We identify multiple domains in which patients starting dialysis experience barriers for self-management. These barriers are associated with multiple factors, such as sex, age, educational level, cohabitation, treatment modality and multimorbidity. Knowledge of these barriers and associations are essential for healthcare providers to support patients in their disease self-management and realise successful home dialysis.

A comparative analysis of burden of care and coping styles between wives of monosubstance- and polysubstance-dependent men

ABSTRACT Background: Polysubstance dependence has emerged as a clinically distinct entity from monosubstance dependence, yet its impact on patients’ wives is understudied. Wives of substance-dependent men face a tremendous burden in their social lives, leading to faulty coping and burden of care. Comparative studies between monosubstances and polysubstances are lacking. Aims: This study compared the burden of care and coping styles between wives of monosubstance- and polysubstance-dependent men. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis was performed between wives of 70 monosubstance-dependent and 70 polysubstance-dependent patients. The burden of care was assessed by the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS), whereas coping styles were assessed using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) Inventory. Results: Both groups faced a moderate burden of care, which was significantly higher in wives of polysubstance abusers as compared to monosubstance abusers (U = 366.50, P < 0.01). The difference was mainly seen in their impact on well-being and relationships with others. Avoidant coping was significantly higher in wives of polysubstance abusers (U = 341.00, P < 0.01), whereas emotion-focused and problem-solving coping styles were equally represented. Avoidant and problem-solving coping styles positively correlated with the burden of care (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The burden of care and avoidant coping strategies are higher in wives of polysubstance-dependent men. An increased burden of care is associated with increased use of both avoidant coping and problem-solving coping.

"No point worrying" – The role of threat devaluation in information security behavior

Extant information security research is characterized by a focus on problem-focused security behaviours, while overlooking the internal, and emotion-focused coping responses that humans exhibit. Threat devaluation, where severity is downplayed, is an established dimension of risk perception, and yet it has not been considered in information security research to date. We address this gap by developing and empirically testing a research model of how threat and coping factors from Protection Motivation Theory influence both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping responses. Data was collected from 518 users and PLS was used to reveal the determinants of, and the relationship between, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping behaviors. The results demonstrate that threat devaluation is a measurable outcome of all threat and coping appraisals considered, providing evidence that multiple coping strategies may be involved in a security threat situation. We also find that many of the well-established determinants of information security behavior, such as self-efficacy, are significantly related to emotion-focused responses. This has implications for researchers and practitioners who seek to create secure environments where users are more likely to enact constructive and problem-focused security behaviors.

The role of resilience and coping strategies as predictors of well-being in breast cancer patients

PurposeThis study investigated the role of resilience and coping strategies on breast cancer patients' well-being using a structural equation model. To achieve this objective, a model previously developed by Mayordomo's group was partially replicated using a longitudinal study design in an oncological sample. MethodsThe study was a longitudinal observational survey. Patients with breast cancer were recruited (N = 166). Resilience was measured with the Mexican Resilience Measurement Scale, coping strategies with the Forms of Coping and Dimensions Scale and perception of the psychological well-being with a short-form of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being at the start and end of adjuvant chemotherapy (T1 and T2 respectively). ResultsThe results showed stability in the variables over time and revealed differences with respect to Mayordomo's model. The best predictor of well-being at T2 was well-being at T1. In addition, the model indicated that resilience had a direct impact on well-being through problem-focused coping. Indeed, resilience and problem-focused coping best explained well-being at T2. ConclusionsBoth at the start and end of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, problem-focused coping positively predicted resilience, which in turn was a positive predictor of well-being. On the other hand, emotion-focused coping showed no association with resilience or well-being. As part of the multidisciplinary cancer team, oncology nurses have a key role to play in promoting resilience and problem-focused coping as an important goal of psychosocial interventions in breast cancer patients.

A qualitative study of coping strategies and resilience in the aftermath of childhood adversity in first-episode psychosis.

Exposure to adversity during childhood is associated with elevated risk for commonly occurring forms of psychopathology, especially psychotic disorders. Despite the noteworthy consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences, an inconsistent and unpredictable number of at-risk populations present with remarkably good physical and mental health outcomes that can be attributed to resilience. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of childhood adverse events and coping strategies employed by individuals that promote resilience and better mental health outcomes. Fourteen individuals with a history of childhood adversity were recruited to participate using a case-study approach. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on empirical evidence and theoretical background, and the interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. Our findings showed that the type of adversity impacted the experience of trauma, for example, the death of a caregiver versus emotional abuse or witnessing violence at home. Five coping strategies were identified (social support, religious coping, problem or emotion-focused coping, and meaning-making), with healthy controls found to identify and use these resources more than the psychosis group to promote individual well-being and better mental health outcomes. Our findings provide insights into experiences in the aftermath of childhood adversity, emphasising the need to assess the history of trauma systematically. They further underscore the importance of mental health prevention programmes bolstering individual-level coping strategies and the resources available within our environments to help them manage adversity, improve overall outcomes, and promote resilience.

Medical and Psychological Intervention for Indian Adult Patients with Cancer: A Randomised Control Study

Background Contemporary cancer care primarily focuses on advanced biomedical treatments, often overlooking the psychological and social challenges associated with the illness (psychosocial factors). This oversight can undermine the efficacy of healthcare and subsequently impact the overall well-being of cancer patients. There is a widespread consensus among medical professionals that psychological factors play a crucial role in the care and treatment of cancer patients. Purpose The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of treatment as usual (TAU) and a combined intervention (CI) of TAU and psychological intervention (PI) on stress, coping strategies and quality of life among adult cancer patients. Methods The present study employed a pretest–post-test control group design comprising two groups—Group I (a control group involving TAU only) and Group II (an experimental group involving TAU and PI). In Group I ( n1 = 30), the patients with cancer were randomly selected from a pool of 105 cancer patients from three cancer types, lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC) and head/neck cancer (HNC), and were administered only TAU (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy and radiation‑hormonal therapy). In Group II ( n2 = 30), the participants were administered not only the regular TAU but also the PI involving psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and guided imagery. Three research instruments, namely QSC-R23, Brief Cope Inventory and EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0, were used for the present study. Results The study findings revealed that both TAU and CI resulted in positive outcomes across the measured variables. Notably, there was a decrease in stress levels and an improvement in coping strategies, encompassing problem-focused, emotion-focused and adaptive coping. Furthermore, participants showed a decreased reliance on maladaptive coping strategies and reported an enhanced quality of life, as evidenced by improvements in symptom scales. Conclusion The study indicated that combining PI with TAU resulted in better outcomes, highlighting the effectiveness of CI (TAU with PI) for cancer patients compared to TAU alone.

Coping Styles among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Introduction: Autism falls under the most common category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). It is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disability characterized by persistent and pervasive impairments that include challenges with social understanding and communication, difficulty adapting to new situations, and exhibiting repetitive behaviors or interests. Caring for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be an arduous task for caregivers all around the globe. To tide through the various phases of development, certain coping mechanisms are applied by the parents of children with ASD. An impact on the level of parental distress can be evaluated being based on parental coping styles concerning developmental disabilities. Objective: To assess the coping among the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and to measure the association of coping styles with selected background variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 174 parents of children with ASD in selected autism care centers in Kathmandu, Nepal. The data was collected using a questionnaire developed by taking the reference from the Brief COPE questionnaire to evaluate the coping styles used by parents. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) were used to analyze data in SPSS vs20. Results: The findings of the study revealed, the majority of the respondents were below 35 years of age (70.1%), female (55.2%), belonged to the Brahmin/Chhetri (63.2%) ethnic group, had a single child (62.1%), belonged to nuclear family (52.9%), were homemakers (34.5%), able to spend sufficiently economically (66.7%) and having a graduate or higher education (71.3%). Similarly, the majority of autistic children were aged between 1 to 5 years (93.1%), and were males (71.3%). In terms of birth order, the majority of children with autism were firstborns (72.4%), did not have any other illnesses (96.6%), and were diagnosed at the age of less than 3 years (62.1%). Overall, the majority of the parents used a problem-focused coping style with a mean of 3.2±0.3, followed by avoidant coping style (2.7±0.4) and emotion-focused coping style (2.5±0.5). Likewise, there was there was a significant association of avoidant coping style with the age of respondents and the number of children they have, emotion-focused coping with ethnicity, and occupation of respondents. Again, the sex of respondents, level of education of spouse, and level of autism of children of respondents were found to have a significant association with both avoidant and emotion-focused coping styles. Overall, the level of education of respondents was associated with overall coping strategies. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the study concludes that the majority of the respondents used problem problem-focused coping style, followed by avoidant and emotion-focused coping styles. Significant associations were found between various coping styles and demographic attributes such as age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, level of education of respondents as well as their spouse, and the level of ASD of their children. Understanding the coping styles is central to supporting the parents’ coping efforts. Providing parents with effective techniques to manage their emotions can greatly influence how they view their situation, the intensity of the symptoms of their children, and the psychological distress associated with it.

Coping strategies, resilience and quality of life: reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic among Romanian physicians

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented multiple psychological challenges for healthcare workers, such as anxiety, depression, burnout, and substance use disorders. In this research, we investigate the different ways Romanian physicians dealt with the difficult period of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also analyze how positive and negative stress-reducing strategies, as well as demographic variables, affect their psychological resilience and quality of life. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of how physicians coped with the unprecedented global health challenges.MethodsWe carried out a national cross-sectional study of 265 physicians in Romania between January 2021 and January 2022 using a web-based questionnaire. The study employed a web-based questionnaire to assess coping mechanisms using the COPE inventory, resilience through the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25), and quality of life via the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The COPE inventory, consisting of 60 items across 15 subscales, categorizes coping strategies into problem-focused, emotion-focused, and dysfunctional types, with each item rated on a 4-point scale. The CD-RISC 25 measures resilience on a 5-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 100. WHOQOL-BREF assesses quality of life through 26 items in 4 domains: physical, mental, social relations, and environmental, scored from 1 to 5 and converted to a 0–100 scale for domain scores. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were employed to discern the intricate relationships between coping strategies, resilience levels, quality of life dimensions, and pertinent demographic factors.ResultsThe average CD-RISC score among participants was 66.2. The mean scores for the values for the QOL subscales were 64.0 for physical well-being, 61.7 for psychological well-being, 61.2 for social relationships, and 64.7 for environment. Individuals tend to use problem-focused and emotion-focused coping more than dysfunctional mechanisms, according to the COPE inventory. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping are positively correlated with resilience, while dysfunctional coping is negatively correlated. Resilience is significantly influenced by gender and professional status, with males and senior specialists reporting higher levels while younger physicians and residents reporting lower levels.ConclusionsOur data points to specific protective characteristics and some detrimental factors on physicians' resilience and quality of life during the pandemic.

Addressing Environmental Factors for SDG 3-Health and Wellbeing: Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Coping among Medical Students in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping mechanisms among medical students, with a view to understand their implications for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - "Good Health and Well-being," and considering environmental factors. Conducted as a cross-sectional study and 300 medical university students (152 men, 148 women), aged 18 to 25 years (mean age = 22.73, SD = 1.78), were selected using stratified random sampling based on their academic year. The study employed the Perceived Stress Scale, General Sleep Scale, and Brief COPE to assess the study variables. The results revealed gender differences in coping strategies, with female students exhibiting higher scores in avoidant and emotion-focused coping, while male students leaned towards problem-focused coping. Notably, perceived stress and avoidant coping emerged as significant predictors of poor sleep quality (p<.05) among the participants. This study found significant relationship among use of green spaces, stress, sleep quality, and coping strategies among medical students, aligning with SDG 3's objective of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. Furthermore, while the study did not directly address environmental factors, it indirectly emphasizes the importance of creating conducive environments for health and well-being. Environmental considerations such as access to green spaces and a healthy physical environment can influence individuals' stress levels and sleep quality, contributing to holistic health outcomes. Given these findings, the study recommends that counseling centers in universities develop strategies for managing students' stress and sleep quality, while promoting healthy coping skills. By addressing these factors comprehensively, universities can contribute to enhancing students' psychological well-being and advancing progress towards SDG 3 and create sustainable and healthy environments, as outlined in SDG 13 (Climate Action), to complement initiatives focused on fostering sustainable environments conducive to health and well-being.

Perceived stress and coping strategies after unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation among pre-hospital emergency technicians: A multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundEffective stress management after unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires the determination of perceived stress and identification and reinforcement of effective coping strategies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine perceived stress and coping strategies after unsuccessful CPR for the first time among Iranian pre-hospital emergency technicians. MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational, multicenter study was conducted in 2022. The research population included all pre-hospital emergency technicians working in 44 urban, road, and aerial pre-hospital emergency stations in 22 counties of Ilam Province, west of Iran. A total of 374 technicians worked in these stations, which were included in the study by census method according to the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools were the Questionnaire of perceived stress after unsuccessful CPR and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software version 27 using descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis, independent sample T-test, and ANOVA) at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. ResultsThe perceived stress was at a moderate level with a mean score of 65.56 ± 14.21. Among six coping strategies, problem-focused coping had the highest (3.01 ± 0.59) and denial had the lowest mean value (1.94 ± 0.79). Perceived stress had a significant direct relationship with 5 coping strategies, including problem-focused coping, support-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, self-distraction, and religion (p < 0.05). The strongest relationship was found between perceived stress and self-distraction followed by emotion-focused coping. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, emotion-focused coping and self-distraction had predictive roles. ConclusionThe participants used different coping strategies to cope with the stress of unsuccessful CPR. The most common coping mechanisms used by the participants were problem-focused, emotion-focused, and support-focused coping. Pre-hospital emergency officials can assist pre-hospital emergency technicians in coping with occupational stress, including the stress of unsuccessful CPR, through organizing educational courses, teaching effective coping strategies, and offering support programs.

Episodic forgiveness in young American adults and its pathways to distress by health, outlook, spirituality, aggression, and social support

BackgroundForgiveness is one form of emotion-focused coping, and the positive effects of such a practice on mental well-being have been confirmed by numerous meta-analyses. The biopsychosocial model assumes that feeling burdened is determined by a number of physical, psychological, and social factors, suggesting a multidimensional relationship between forgiveness and distress. In this study, we tested a model according to which various sociopsychological variables (i.e., health, outlook, spirituality, aggression, and social support) mediate the negative association between episodic forgiveness (also known as state forgiveness) and distress.Participants and procedureWe tested the model on a cross-sectional sample of 436 young adults from the United States (62% of whom were women) using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsThe results of the overall model supported our indirect effects hypotheses. An analysis of specific indirect effects revealed that variables such as health, a negative outlook, aggressiveness, and social support play a special role in adaptation to stressful life events in forgiving individuals.ConclusionsThe relationship between episodic forgiveness and distress can be explained through complex sociopsychological mechanisms, including feelings of health, outlook, or social support, and attitudes, experiences, and behaviours related to these mechanisms can influence each other and collectively contribute to preventing or reducing perceived burden in young American adults.