Emotional Eating Behavior Research Articles

Influence of Parental Mindful Eating Practices on Child Emotional Eating: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract Objectives Parents and caregivers shape the social and environmental factors that influence a child's intake and eating behaviors. Parental feeding practices may lead to recurring emotional eating in the child. Mindful eating practices may decrease emotional eating behaviors in adults and adolescents. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of parental mindful eating on emotional eating behaviors of their children and adolescents. A second purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether parental or child participation in a mindful eating intervention improves emotional eating among children. Methods This review (PROSPERO 168,265) was conducted utilizing EBSCOhost to search five databases. The search was limited to full-text, peer-reviewed studies in the English language from 2014–2020. Studies included must have evaluated parental mindful eating and child emotion- or stress-related eating. Studies were excluded if parents were not involved and mindful eating/feeding/or parenting and child emotional eating were not measured. Authors used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. The process identified seven studies. Results Among the four cross-sectional studies, parental mindful eating/feeding/parenting skills were either directly or indirectly related to decreased emotional eating in the child or adolescent. However, the effect was unclear among the experimental studies. Most of these studies were pilot feasibility studies. Measures of mindful and emotional eating differed across studies. Conclusions Parental mindful eating may improve emotional eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate parent mindful eating interventions on child and adolescent eating behaviors. Future trials need to use similar validated measures to ensure consistent quality data collection and allow for comparison of findings across studies. Funding Sources N/A.

Investigating the Effect of two Methods of Dialectic Behavioral Therapies and Metacognitive Therapy on the Body Mass Index and Emotional Eating Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Diabetes is one of the chronic multifactorial metabolic diseases that in addition to affecting the clinical condition of the individual, incurs many costs to different communities around the world and also in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy on the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was an applied and controlled clinical trial one with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and random assignment and quarterly follow-up. The participants were selected from among patients referring to Mashhad diabetes research center. The patients were randomly divided into two experimental (n=40) and control group (n=20). The experimental groups received weekly sessions for 2 months (8 sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, the standard Dutch Eating Behavior questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed and examined by SPSS 21 and statistical tests. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the mean of intervention and control groups (Pvalue<0.05). In other words, dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy significantly reduced the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy can be used as effective psychological interventions to reduce body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients, which requires further investigation. Keywords: Diabetes, Dialectic behavioral therapies, Metacognitive therapy.

Elite Male Volleyball Players Are at Risk of Insufficient Energy and Carbohydrate Intake.

Elite volleyball athletes experience significant physical and psychological demands during the competitive season. The aim was to compare the dietary intake of male volleyball athletes with recommendations for sport and health, and to examine the association of physique traits and knee health on eating behaviours and of eating behaviours on reported dietary intake. Using a retrospective cross-sectional design, 22 male athletes from a national indoor volleyball program underwent anthropometric, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and resting metabolic rate testing, 4-day dietary intake and hematological analysis, and also completed the three-factor eating questionnaire–R18 for eating behaviours and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—patellar tendon (VISA-P) questionnaire for knee health. Most players under-consumed energy compared to reference guidelines, secondary to under-consuming carbohydrate for exercise. The primary eating behaviour was cognitive restraint, which was associated with body mass index and ectomorphy. Emotional eating behaviour was associated with VISA-P. Differences in emotional and cognitive restraint eating behaviours did not impact dietary intake. The findings suggest that players are at risk of an impaired ability to adapt to and recover from training during an important segment of the competitive season. Future work should explore the presence of low energy availability in elite male volleyball players.

The INTER-ACT E-Health Supported Lifestyle Intervention Improves Postpartum Food Intake and Eating Behavior, but Not Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Unhealthy postpartum lifestyle is related to long-term adverse psychological, metabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes as well as to complications in the next pregnancy. Especially women with preceding excessive gestational weight gain are at risk. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the postpartum phase of the INTER-ACT randomized controlled trial (RCT) on food intake, eating behavior, physical activity and sedentary time at the end of the intervention (six months postpartum) and at six-months follow-up (12 months postpartum). The study population comprised women with excessive gestational weight gain in the preceding pregnancy. The lifestyle intervention combined a smartphone application with four face-to-face coaching sessions between six weeks and six months postpartum. After the intervention, restrained eating score was 1 point higher (95% CI 0.5, 1.5; p < 0.001), uncontrolled eating score was 1 point lower (95% CI −1.9, −0.2; p = 0.02) and energy intake was 69 kcal lower (95% CI −123, −15; p = 0.01) in the intervention group compared to the control group. The differences were no longer statistically significant at follow-up. No significant effects on emotional eating, physical activity and sedentary behavior were found. In conclusion, the postpartum phase of the INTER-ACT RCT was effective in improving nutrition-related outcomes, however, these improvements could not be sustained at follow-up. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02989142.

Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Decreasing Weight in Obese Women with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Quasi Experimental Study

Objective: The growing worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, despite treatment strategies remain the health problem. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to psychological factors and a potentially comprehensive, multimodal skills-based treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on weight loss in obese women with emotional and behavioral disorders. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, statistical population from convenience sampling consisted of 42 obese women with body mass index (BMI) more than 29.9 kg/m2 divided in 3 groups, behavioral, emotional and control. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed according to demographic information, emotional eating scale and Dutch eating behavior questionnaire. Intervention included 13 sessions of 1.5hr group therapy, DBT-skills training from April to September 2019. Mixed-effect modeling ANOVA with repeated measurements was performed by statistical analyses, IBM SPSS version 24 to study changes in variables over time. Results: The results demonstrated that the emotional such as anger, anxiety and depression, significantly decrease during the study period. (P-value&lt;0.001) As well as behavioral eating demonstrated significant improvement in restrained eating and decrease in emotional and external eating behaviors right after the end of intervention while trial group experienced significant weight loss. Conclusion: The present study provides some evidence that DBT-skills training can be effective in decreasing problematic eating behaviors, emotion dysregulations, decreasing BMI.

Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and nutritional status of university athletes

Background and Study Aim. The current study was carried out to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional state and nutritional behavior of university athletes.&#x0D; Material and Methods. This research was carried out during the first wave of COVID-19 in Turkey. A total of 334 (162 female and 172 male) athletes who are undergraduate students in the faculties of sports sciences of universities participated in the study. Their mean age was 21.46 ± 3.7. The Emotional Eating Scale (EES) was used to determine the nutritional behavior of the participants and The Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale was used to determine their emotional state. The Chi-square and Cross-tabulation tests were used for the statistical analysis of categorical variables. Mann Whitney U test was used for the analysis of continuous variables, and Spearman Sequence Correlation test protocols were used for correlation analysis.&#x0D; Results. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in the amount of fluid consumption of elite athletes. There was a significant relationship between negative mood and emotional eating sub-assessment (p &lt;0.05). However, it was found that there was no significant difference between total and subscale scores of amateur and elite athletes (p &gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was seen that elite and amateur athletes did not have a significant difference in emotional eating and mood status, except for the amount of fluid consumption. The increase in negative emotions of university athletes is an important factor that increased their emotional eating behavior.

ACADEMIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTIONAL EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT

Academic stress is one of the sources of stress factor among adolescent. Stress condition will trigger cortisol reaction process which associated with unhealthy eating behavior. Emotional eating is an eating behavior in response to stimulation of negative emotion. This study aims to analyze the association between academic stress with emotional eating behavior among adolescent at SMAN 6 Surabaya. This study used a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained using Cluster Random Sampling techniques with total sample of 133 people. Data were collected using the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescent (ESSA), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to determine the normality of data obtained. Association between variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed that 47,4% students experienced moderate academic stress and 51,1% of students experienced emotional eating. There was signifi cant association between academic stress with emotional eating behavior (p=0.003). Emotional eating behavior was positively correlated with consumption of fast food or canned food, sweet food or cakes, dairy products and sweet beverages.

Application of three different coaching strategies through a virtual coach for people with emotional eating: a vignette study

BackgroundAround 13% of the world’s population suffers from obesity. More than 40% of people with obesity display emotional eating behaviour (eating in response to negative emotions or distress). It is an alternate to more effective coping strategies for negative emotions. Our study explored the opportunities for helping adults with emotional overeating using a virtual coach, aiming to identify preferences for tailored coaching strategies applicable in a personal virtual coach environment. Three different coaching strategies were tested: a validating, a focus-on-change, and a dialectical one – the latter being a synthesis of the first two strategies.MethodsA qualitative study used vignettes reflecting the two most relevant situations for people with emotional eating: 1. experiencing negative emotions, with ensuing food cravings; and 2. after losing control to emotional eating, with ensuing feelings of low self-esteem. Applied design: 2 situations × 3 coaching strategies. Participants: 71 adult women (Mage 44.4/years, range 19–70, SD = 12.86) with high scores on the DEBQ-emotional eating scale (Memo 3.65, range 1.69–4.92, SD = .69) with mean BMI 30.1 (range 18–46, SD = 6.53). They were recruited via dieticians’ practices, were randomly assigned to the conditions and asked how they would face and react to the presented coaching strategies. Data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsQualitative results showed that participants valued both the validating coaching strategy and the focus-on-change strategy, but indicated that a combination of validation and focus-on-change provides both mental support and practical advice. Data showed that participants differed in their level of awareness of the role that emotions play in their overeating and the need for emotion-regulation skills.ConclusionThe design of the virtual coach should be based on dialectical coaching strategies as preferred by participants with emotional eating behaviour. It should be tailored to the different stages of awareness of their emotions and individual emotion-regulation skills.

Preoperative body-related emotional distress and culture as predictors of outcomes of bariatric surgery

Findings concerning the impact of bariatric surgical intervention on both psychological variables and weight loss are often controversial and misconstrued the world over. The aim of this study was to classify bariatric surgery patients according to patterns of preoperative measures that may predict postoperative psychological and physiological outcomes and to compare these patterns between two distinct cultures. Of 169 consecutive bariatric surgery candidates from Israel and 81 candidates from the United States, 73 and 35 patients, respectively consented to be included in a follow-up phase. Body image dissatisfaction, emotional eating behaviors, risk of suicide, depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and percent excess weight loss were measured. K-means clustering procedure was used to classify bariatric surgery patients according to their preoperative body-related emotional distress, which was composed of body image dissatisfaction and emotional eating. The joint effect of culture and body-related emotional distress cluster on psychological distress was tested. The cluster analysis revealed two preoperative body-related emotional distress patterns: high body-related emotional distress and low body-related emotional distress. Following surgery, US patients showed a higher risk of suicide and lower excess weight loss than Israeli patients within only the high body-related emotional distress cluster (a significant interaction effect). Preoperative assessment of body-related emotional distress patterns among bariatric surgery candidates may enable professionals to identify potential postoperative risks of suicide, anxiety, and decreased weight loss. The relationship between the body-related emotional distress cluster and outcome measures is culture dependent. Case-control analytic study.

Comparison of two questionnaires for assessment of emotional eating in people undergoing treatment for obesity.

Emotional eating may contribute to weight gain and difficulty with weight loss. Questionnaires are currently the primary method used to identify this behaviour but there is no gold standard for detecting emotional eating, making it difficult to know which questionnaire to use for this purpose. This study assesses two questionnaires validated for assessment of emotional eating in patients with obesity, with the aim of investigating their interchangeability in the clinical setting. 387 adult participants were recruited from the obesity treatment service at a tertiary metropolitan hospital. Responses were obtained for the 25-item Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and the 4-item coping subscale of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS). Agreement was analysed using quadratically weighted Cohen's κ scores. Substantial agreement was defined as κ 0.61-0.80. The median (interquartile range) body mass index and age of participants was 42.1kg/m2 (36.4-48.9kg/m2) and 51.6years (41.1-61.4years), respectively, and 70.5% of participants were female. The EES and PEMS were found to have substantial agreement (κ 0.71; 95% CI 0.65-0.76). Agreement remained substantial when analysing responses from men (0.61; 95% CI 0.47-0.73), women (0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.79) and post-bariatric surgery patients (0.72; 95% CI 0.62-0.82) separately. Despite focusing on different elements of emotional eating behaviour, the substantial agreement between the EES and PEMS coping subscale suggests that they identify respondents' susceptibility to emotional eating with consistency, including in people who have undergone bariatric surgery. Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees. This observational study has not been registered as a clinical trial.

Association between stress and dietary habits, emotional eating behavior and insomnia of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe study was performed to investigate the degree of perceived stress by sex in middle-aged people, and to provide basic data for appropriate nutrition education and interventional measures for middle-aged subjects through comparative analysis of association between stress and dietary habits, emotional eating behavior, and insomnia.SUBJECTS/METHODSA survey was conducted in 670 middle-aged subjects (320 men and 350 women) aged 40–64 years, resided in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 program.RESULTSPerceived stress in middle-aged subjects was not different by sex. Stress was higher in men with low dietary habits level compared to other groups (P < 0.001), and was higher in women with low and moderate dietary habits level compared to women with high dietary habits level (P < 0.05). Stress in men was higher in the group with emotional eaters (P < 0.05), and the same result was shown in women (P < 0.001). Stress was higher in both men and women with poor sleep quality (P < 0.001). Stress score was positively correlated with emotional dietary behavior and insomnia (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with dietary habits (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIt is considered that proper nutrition education and interventional measures according to sex are needed for stress control and proper dietary behavior and lifestyle in middle-aged people population, along with projects and policies at the national level.

Perceived stress and emotional overeating during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Obesity due to inappropriate eating habits, including overeating, has recently been discussed during this COVID pandemic crisis in the context of stress. Emotional overeating (EOE) is sometimes considered as a strategy for emotion regulation. Considering this fact, this study used a snowball technique to analyze the prevalence of EOE caused due to stress during this pandemic situation. Methodology: The present cross-sectional online study of 607 respondents across all regions of India attempts to assess the perceived stress levels during COVID-19, evaluate their tendency to engage in emotional eating, and examine the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating during COVID-19 situation. Results: Stress perception is significantly associated with EOE and such phenomenon is marginally more prominent in females more than males. A negative association of age, though weak (r = −0.34, p< 0.05), has been found with both perceived stress levels and EOE, signifying that the youngsters are more prone to stress and overeating than older persons, during these COVID times. The study also evidenced that people with psychiatric conditions are significantly more affected than others. Similarly, the average EOE scores for such persons were also higher, and they may be more vulnerable to emotional eating. Conclusion: EOE is significantly associated with perceived stress; the association is more prominent in females. Younger people and people with mental illness display significantly more emotional eating behavior during stress.

Lise 3. ve 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinde Sınav Kaygısı ve Beslenme Durumu Arasındaki İlişkinin Saptanması: Bir Anadolu Lisesi Örneği

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and emotional eating increasing with test stress in students in high school 3rd and 4th grade. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 117 students studying in the 3rd and 4th grades at an Anatolian high school in Istanbul. The Revised Test Anxiety Scale, which determines the level of test anxiety of students, and the Turkish Emotional Eating Scale, which questions the demographic information and emotional nutritional status, were applied. Results: Of the 117 students who participated in the study, 51 were 3rd grade and 66 were 4th grade. While there was a statistically positive relationship between test anxiety and emotional eating, there was no statistical relationship between test anxiety and emotional eating and BMI. Given gender, female students showed more test anxiety and emotional eating behavior than boys; however, male students' mean BMI was higher than female students. Considering the class, emotional eating and test anxiety were higher in high school 4th grade, whereas high BMI was more common in high school 3rd grade. Conclusion: To prevent the emotional eating behaviors of high school 3rd and 4th grade, test anxiety should be at the desired level. Thus, dieting beside therapy was necessary for physical development and school success. More studies are required to determine the effect of emotional food associated with test anxiety on BMI.

Üniversite öğrencilerinin yeme alışkanlıklarının ve internet bağımlılığı düzeylerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine göre değerlendirilmesi

Aim: This study aims to identify eating behaviors and internet addiction levels of university students based on their physical activity levels. Material and Methods: 775 university student subjects, aged 17 to 25 were enrolled to the study anthropometric measurements were recorded for all students. In the study Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Internet Addiction Scale were used. The eating habits and internet addiction levels of the students were statistically evaluated based on the physical activity levels. Physical activity level was calculated based on The "MET-minute/week" score was obtained by multiplying the values of minutes, days and MET. Results: Evaluating the TFEQ results based on the physical activity levels, our study demonstrated that the uncontrolled (p=0.047) and emotional eating (p=0.032) scores of the inactive group were higher compared to the active group. Cognitive restraint of eating scores of the very active students, on the other hand, were higher compared to the inactive (p=0.001) and minimally active (p=0.007) students. Assessment of internet addiction scale based on physical activity levels showed that lack of control (p=0.001), desire to remain online more (p=0.001) and total internet addiction scores (p=0.008) were higher in inactive students compared to the other groups. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that young people who do not do physical activity or do it at a minimum level show uncontrolled and emotional eating behavior. It was demonstrated that the desire to stay online and loss of control were higher in the same group.

ADIPOQ gene is linked to emotional eating behaviour in young Nigerian adults independent of psychological traits

BackgroundA disturbance in eating behaviour (EB) is the hallmark of patients with eating disorders, and depicts a complex interaction of environmental, psychological and biological factors. In the present study, we propose a model of association of genetic susceptibility—represented by adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene—with eating behavioural and psychological traits.ResultsEvaluation of the distribution of a polymorphism of the ADIPOQ (rs1501299 G > T) with respect to three EB factors involving cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating revealed that T-allele in rs1501299 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to emotional EB in codominant (e.g., GG vs. TT) (beta-coefficient [β] = 2.39, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = − 4.02, − 0.76; p value [p] = 0.02), recessive (GG + GT vs. TT) (β = − 2.77, 95% CI = − 3.65, − 0.69; p = 0.005) and additive (GG = 0, GT = 1, TT = 2) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 1.80, − 0.24; p = 0.01) models of inheritance. The presence of the T-allele was not significantly associated with psychological factors involving depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, none of the psychological traits significantly predicted any of the EB factors after controlling for age, body weight and gender.ConclusionsOur data suggest that genetic variant in ADIPOQ locus may influence human emotional eating behaviour.

CHANGE IN PEOPLE'S EATING BEHAVIOUR DURING COVID-19

This study was conducted to investigate the change in people's eating behaviour during COVID-19. The data of the study were obtained via online questionnaire in limited time due to the extraordinary conditions that we have been in. The results of the T test analysis performed on 397 data which were collected through an online questionnaire indicated that there was a change in people's eating behaviour during COVID-19. During this time, Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating behaviours increased while Cognitive Restraint behaviour decreased with regard to eating behaviour. In addition, T test and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out to investigate whether the behavioural change differed according to the demographic characteristics of the participants. According to the results of the analyses, while the eating behaviour of the participants changed during COVID-19 depending on their age and income level, it did not differ by their gender or educational background.

Emotional eating: Really hungry or just angry?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles and academic self-efficacy on emotional eating behaviours within a sample of adolescents. The sample of this cross-sectionally designed study consisted of 584 adolescents between the ages of 12-17years. In order to collect necessary data, the Emotional Eating Scale for Child and Adolescent, the Parenting Style Scale and Academic Self-efficacy Scale were utilized. In this sample, Emotional Eating Scale's total score of girls was higher than boys, and emotional eating was not related to body mass index. Parenting styles and academic self-efficacy predicted 34% of the variants seen in emotional eating behaviours of adolescents. While a positive relation existed between emotional eating and negligent parenting style, a negative significant relation occurred between permissive and democratic type of parenting styles and emotional eating. In addition, emotional eating behaviours decreased, whereas academic self-efficacy perception increased accordingly. The results showed that emotional eating behaviours of adolescents were in relation with parenting styles and academic self-efficacy. A good understanding of the multifactorial structure of emotional eating in adolescents will help to develop essential programmes in order to design effective coping mechanisms.

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food craving, reward and appetite in a healthy population

The ability to control hedonic appetite is associated with executive functioning, originating in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These rewarding components of food can override homeostatic mechanisms, potentiating obesogenic behaviours. Indeed, those susceptible to overconsumption appear to have PFC hypo-activation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) has been shown to reduce food craving and consumption, potentially via attenuating this reward response. We examined the effects of stimulation on food reward and craving using a healthy-weight cohort. This study is amongst the first to explore the effects of tDCS on explicit and implicit components of reward for different food categories. Twenty-one healthy-weight participants (24 ± 7 years, 22.8 ± 2.3 kg m−2) completed two sessions involving double-blind, randomised and counterbalanced anodal or sham tDCS over the right DLPFC, at 2 mA for 20 min. Food craving (Food Craving Questionnaire-State), reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire), and subjective appetite (100 mm visual analogue scales) were measured pre- and post-tDCS. Eating behaviour trait susceptibility was assessed using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Short Form, Control of Eating Questionnaire, and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-reduced. Stimulation did not alter food craving, reward or appetite in healthy-weight participants who displayed low susceptibility to overconsumption, with low trait craving, good craving control, and low uncontrolled eating and emotional eating behaviour. Implicit and explicit reward were reliable measures of hedonic appetite, suggesting these are robust targets for future tDCS research. These findings suggest that applying tDCS over the DLPFC does not change food reward response in individuals not at risk for overconsumption, and future work should focus on those at risk of overconsumption who may be more responsive to the effects of tDCS on hedonic appetite.

An examination of emotional eating behavior in individuals with a severe mental disorder

Emotional eating behavior is commonly accompanied by negative emotions in individuals with a severe mental disorder in community. This descriptive study has aimed to identify emotional eating behavior and the factors acting on emotional eating behavior and to investigate the relationship of uncontrolled eating and cognitive restriction scores with emotional eating behavior in individuals with a severe mental disorder followed up in community mental health centers (CMHC). The study included 130 patients with a severe mental disorder. The Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) were used for data collection. The chi-square significance test and correlation analyses were used for determining the correlation of emotional eating behavior scores across independent variables. The prevalence of emotional eating behavior was 49.22% among individuals with a severe mental disorder. The mean EEQ score of the individuals was 11.74 ± 7.42. Emotional eating behavior was observed in 56.7% of individuals at ages from 35 to 49 years, in 62.5% of women, in 58.6% of individuals with a history of dieting, and in 61.2% of individuals with night eating behavior. This study has shown that emotional eating behavior can occur in individuals with a severe mental disorder independent of the diagnosis, use of antipsychotic medications, body mass index (BMI), physical exercise, and eating behavior. It was observed that emotional eating behavior was correlated with being middle-aged, being female, and night eating behavior.

COVİD-19 SALGININDA EBELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YEME DAVRANIŞLARI İLE PREMENSTRUEL SENDROM SEMPTOMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

This study was conducted in a descriptive, correlational design to examine the relationship between the eating behaviors and the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome of midwifery students in the Covid-19 outbreak. While the population of the study was constituted by the students (N= 357) of the Health Sciences Faculty Midwifery Department of a public university, 204 students who volunteered to participate in the study constituted the sample of the study. The data were collected with the "Personal Information Form" and "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMS)" and "Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire". It was determined that 37.8% of the students increased their appetite and 39.2% tea and coffee consumption during the three-month pandemic process in which social isolation and quarantine measures were taken, while 44.1% of them decreased their physical activity. There was a significant difference between the changes in appetite, weight and sleep of the students in the last three months and their PMS score averages. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the PMS scale total score averages of the students and the emotional eating behavior sub-dimension of the Dutch Eating Behavior Scale and the restrictive eating behaviors sub-dimension.