Emotional Domains Research Articles

Comparative Outcomes of Radical Cystectomy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancerposes a significant clinical challenge that necessitates effective therapeutic interventions. Radical cystectomy is a primary treatment option, but a comprehensive understanding of its outcomes is crucial for informed clinical decision-making.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate and summarize the outcomes associated with radical cystectomy as a primary treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a focus on survival rates, complications, and quality of life.A systematic search across databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, and others-covered studies from 2017 onwards. Included were studies reporting survival rates, complications, and quality of life post-radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, including randomized controlled trials, cohort, and observational studies. Multidimensional analysis revealed promising findings regarding the efficacy of radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Survival outcomes, including overall survival and disease-specific mortality, have demonstrated significant improvements, particularly in recent randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Complications associated with the surgical procedure, such as positive surgical margins and lymph node yields, were generally acceptable. Quality of life outcomes post-radical cystectomy exhibited positive trends, although variations were noted in the emotional and social domains. This review underscores radical cystectomy's role in enhancing overall survival and reducing disease-specific mortality in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Despite reported complications, recent studies support its acceptable risk profile. Detailed examination of various factors contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the procedure. These findings emphasize the importance of individualized treatment approaches in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, considering both oncological efficacy and perioperative outcomes.Radical cystectomy remains fundamental in urological oncology, with ongoing advancements refining its significance.

한국 대학생과 중국 유학생의 공감학습 요구분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to present the concept of empathic learning that develops the cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal areas in a balanced manner based on the learner's self-empathy, and to understand the perceptions of korean college students and Chinese international students about empathic learning. In addition, this study is meaningful in establishing a framework for the theoretical foundation of future empathic learning programs by identifying field needs that reflect the concept of empathic learning.
 Methods A survey was conducted using an Empathic Learning questionnaire among 193 Korean university stu-dents and 210 Chinese exchange students enrolled in 4-year universities located in Busan, South Korea. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 45 items, divided into cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal domains, with 15 questions in each category. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using paired sample t-tests to examine dif-ferences between importance levels and implementation levels. Additionally, using Borich's demand level and LF model, items with consistently high demand across all domains were identified.
 Results The overall reliability of the entire questionnaire was found to be .965. Korean college students showed a high demand for the cognitive domain (7 items), emotional domain (1 item), and attitudinal domain (7 items). Upon reviewing the items, it was evident that the cognitive domain included content related to understanding learning material, setting and implementing learning goals and plans, and reviewing the learning process. The emotional domain included strategies for transitioning into a positive mood while studying. The attitudinal domain encompassed self-motivation for learning, attaching meaning to the learning process, and having confidence in one's learning abilities. Chinese international students exhibited a high demand for only 5 items within the cogni-tive domain. Specifically, these items were related to understanding learning objectives and areas of interest, as well as assessing comprehensible and proficient sections.
 Conclusions Firstly, Korean college students appear to recognize the importance of cognitive and attitudinal do-mains in learning, even though their actual execution in these areas may be somewhat lacking. However, they seem to have a limited understanding of the significance of the emotional domain. Secondly, Chinese international students exhibited a high demand for the cognitive domain, particularly in areas related to learning objectives and understanding learning content. However, it's notable that they do not seem to fully grasp the importance of emo-tional and attitudinal factors. Thirdly, both groups of students displayed low awareness regarding the emotional domain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement programs that consider the specific demands of the target audience, focusing on cognitive and attitudinal domains. Additionally, it is essential to incorporate programs aimed at nurturing emotional intelligence to help students experience the joy of learning.

Content comparison of unmet needs self-report measures for lymphoma cancer survivors: A systematic review

Purpose The increasing recognition of the complex impacts of a cancer diagnosis and its treatment has led to efforts to develop instruments to reflect survivors’ needs accurately. However, evidence regarding the content and quality of instruments used to evaluate the unmet needs of lymphoma survivors is lacking. This review aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and comprehensiveness of available self-report instruments to assess unmet needs and quality of life with adult lymphoma survivors. Methods A systematic search of five databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo and Scopus) was conducted to identify instruments measuring unmet needs or quality of life outcomes. Original articles reporting the instrument’s validation or development via citation screening were retrieved and screened against eligibility criteria. An appraisal of the instrument’s measurement properties was conducted, guided by the COSMIN methodology and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A content comparison using the Supportive Care in Cancer Framework was performed. Results Twelve instruments met the inclusion criteria; only one was explicitly developed for lymphoma (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lymphoma). Four instruments focused on the construct of need, and eight focused on quality of life. The psychometric data in the published literature is not comprehensive; there is heterogeneity in their development, content and quality. No included instrument was examined for all COSMIN measurement properties, and methodological quality was variable; all instruments measured at least four domains of need. The emotional domain was reviewed by all instruments (n = 12), and the spiritual and informational domains received the least focus (n = 4 each). Conclusion This review provides a platform for instrument comparison, with suggestions for important factors to consider in systematically selecting unmet needs and quality of life self-report measures for adult lymphoma survivors. Considering the various discrepancies and limitations of the available instruments, using more than one instrument is recommended. In selecting measurement instruments, researchers should consider research objectives, study design, psychometric properties and the pros and cons of using more than one measure. Evaluating the participant burden and feasibility of completing the selected instrument is important for lymphoma survivors, a group burdened by cancer-related fatigue and cognitive impairment.

Health-related quality of life and family functioning of primary caregivers of children with down syndrome.

Down Syndrome (DS; OMIM #190685), known as trisomy 21, is one of the most common genetic disorders in the human population and the commonest known cause of intellectual disability. The study was conducted to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of children with DS syndrome and its impact on family functioning. To assess the quality of life of children with trisomy 21 and the impact of the disorder on the family. We used a cross-sectional questionnaire study. The respondents were 52 parents of children with trisomy 21. The following structured questionnaires were used: the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module and Study-Specific Questionnaire (SSQ). The combined scores, with a mean value of approximately 55 out of a possible 100 points, indicated a significant impact of the child's genetic defect on family functioning. In the overall QOL, the highest rated domain was physical functioning (x̅ =60.14; SD = 23.82) and the lowest was school functioning (x̅ =51.36; SD = 18.72). Better school functioning (p = 0.022) was reported for girls. The presence of reduced muscle tone also had a negative impact on the child's functioning in the physical (p = 0.036), emotional (p = 0.011), psychosocial (p = 0.027) and overall QOL domains (p = 0.023). Overall, our results showed that the quality of life of children with trisomy 21 is impaired. There was a positive association between the child's QOL and the QOL of their parents, as well as the general functioning of the child's whole family. For this reason, an improvement in the QOL of parents and the family functioning is closely related to an increased QOL of the child. The continuous deepening of knowledge of QOL in individual trisomy 21 management allows for better preparation and ongoing care for the patients concerned.

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia Distress Scale.

The Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia Distress Scale (CADS) is a patient-reported outcome measure for assessing distress associated with Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). This study aimed to confirm the psychometric validity of the Japanese version of the CADS (CADS-J). A total of 132 patients with breast cancer who developed CIA were asked to complete the CADS-J twice at 2week intervals to confirm test-retest reliability. The body image domain of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ) breast cancer-specific module, the self-esteem scale from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the emotional domain of the EORTC QLQ Core 30 were used to confirm the convergent validity of the CADS-J. The overall quality of life and physical domains of the EORTC QLQ Core 30 were used to confirm the discriminant validity of the CADS-J. In total, 125 participants provided valid responses. The mean age was 52.2years. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the CADS-J was 0.903. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the first and second responses were r = 0.874, r = 0.952, r = 0.911, and r = 0.959 for the physical domain, emotional domain, activity domain, and relationship domain, respectively. In terms of convergent validity, the total CADS-J score was moderately correlated with body image (r = -0.63), self-esteem (r = -0.48), and the emotional domain (r = -0.61). Regarding discriminant validity, the total CADS-J score was weakly correlated with the overall quality of life (r = -0.34) and physical domain (r = -0.24). The CADS-J is psychometrically reliable and valid for evaluating the distress caused by CIA. It is expected to be used in daily practice and as an endpoint in various studies.

Income is not an equalizer: health development inequities by ethnoracial backgrounds in California kindergartners

BackgroundEarly childhood health development is positively associated with income, but the strength of this relationship with ethnoracial background remains unclear. This study examined the extent of health development inequities among California kindergarteners based on ethnoracial backgrounds and neighborhood-level income.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed health development inequities by analyzing neighborhood-level income, ethnoracial background, and health development data for California kindergarteners. Student-level data (n = 106,574) were collected through teacher report between 2010–2020 across 52 school districts and 964 schools. Student addresses were geocoded and linked to American Community Survey neighborhood income levels. Health development was measured using the Early Development Instrument, a population-level measure which includes physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, and communication skills and general knowledge domains. Outcomes included being “on-track” in each domain as well as overall health development.ResultsUsing a Generalized Estimation Equation with a log-link function, while accounting for interactions between ethnoracial background, income, and income-squared, we found significant health development inequities by ethnoracial background and neighborhood-level income. Regarding overall health development, as well as the physical, social and emotional domains, Black students had a lower likelihood of being on-track compared to the weighted average across income levels, whereas Asian students surpassed the weighted average. White students exhibited the steepest slope, and at the lowest income levels, their health development scores were akin to their Black and Hispanic/Latino/a low-income counterparts but resembled their Asian counterparts at higher income levels. For the general knowledge and communication domain, white students consistently had the highest likelihood of being on-track, while Hispanic/Latino/a students had the lowest likelihood across all income levels.ConclusionThis study examines health development inequities among California kindergarteners in diverse communities. Our analysis shows that the relationship between neighborhood-level income and kindergartners’ health development varies by domain and is weaker for students of color. Given the scarcity of population-level data on health development outcomes, these analyses offer valuable insights for identifying ecosystems necessitating support in promoting equitable early childhood health development.

Validation of the Italian version of the ANCA-associated vasculitis patient-reported outcome (AAV-PRO) questionnaire.

The primary objective of this study was the translation and validation of the ANCA-associated vasculitis patient-reported outcome (AAV-PRO) questionnaire into Italian, denoted as AAV-PRO_ita. The secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) on quality of life (QoL) and work impairment in a large cohort of Italian patients. The study design took a prospective cohort study approach. First, the AAV-PRO was translated into Italian following the step guidelines for translations. The new AAV-PRO_ita questionnaire covered three disease domains: organ-specific and systemic symptoms and signs; physical function; and social and emotional impact. Second, Italian-speaking AAV patients were recruited from 17 Italian centres belonging to the Italian Vasculitis Study Group. Participants completed the AAV-PRO_ita questionnaire at three time points. Participants were also requested to complete the work productivity and activity impairment: general health questionnaire. A total of 276 AAV patients (56.5% women) completed the questionnaires. The AAV-PRO_ita questionnaire demonstrated a good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Female AAV patients scored higher (i.e. worse) in all thee domains, especially in the social and emotional impact domain (P < 0.001). Patients on glucocorticoid therapy (n = 199) had higher scores in all domains, especially in the physical function domain (P < 0.001), compared with patients not on glucocorticoid therapy (n = 77). Furthermore, patients who had at least one relapse of disease (n = 114) had higher scores compared with those who had never had one (n = 161) in any domain (P < 0.05). Finally, nearly 30% of the patients reported work impairment. The AAV-PRO_ita questionnaire is a new 29-item, disease-specific patient-reported outcome measuring tool that can be used in AAV research in the Italian language. Sex, glucocorticoids and relapsing disease showed the greatest impact on QoL.

The lived experiences of oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults living with fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition which has recently been linked with eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). However, to date, sample sizes within completed research are small and study designs heterogeneous, and therefore, little is known about the lived experiences of dysphagia among people with fibromyalgia. To go some way towards addressing this gap in the literature, this study collected and analysed the first-hand experiences of the physical symptoms, the psychosocial impacts and environmental factors that influenced the lived experience of a sample of people living with fibromyalgia-associated dysphagia. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults with dysphagia and fibromyalgia. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed and themes were identified regarding the reported experience and impact of swallowing problems. The same researcher conducted the interviews and extracted all data, and a second researcher analysed a random sample of 5% of the data for accuracy, with no disagreements arising between the two researchers. All participants (n = 8) reported the negative psychosocial impact of their dysphagia. Participants reported managing their dysphagia independently, primarily using compensatory strategies. Participants discussed feeling unsupported in healthcare interactions due to clinicians not understanding the occurrence, nature or impact of eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties. Participants also reported that they did not have access to evidence-based management strategies that adequately addressed their fibromyalgia-related swallowing problems. Despite minimal previous research in this area, findings here highlight the impact that dysphagia has on people with fibromyalgia. A broad range of physical symptoms were reported to have negative consequences across both social and emotional domains. The reported symptoms often required complex coping strategies and sometimes impeded participants from seeking suitable medical intervention from healthcare providers. There are both broad-ranging implications of fibromyalgia-associated dysphagia and reported poor perceptions of medical interactions for this cohort of patients. Therefore, there is evidently a need for clinical research into the management of this condition to develop patient-centred care delivery options and to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to provide efficacious management to this group. Before initiation of the qualitative interviews, the interview schedule was piloted with an individual living with fibromyalgia and dysphagia, with feedback provided on the appropriate wording and format of semi-structured questioning.

How developmental coordination disorder affects daily life: The adolescent perspective

BackgroundFew studies have focused on the implications of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in the teen years. Understanding the unique needs of adolescents with DCD and the challenges they face are imperative to inform clinical care. AimTo understand how DCD affects daily life from adolescents living with the disorder. MethodsParticipants were recruited from a database of adolescents who were formally diagnosed with DCD in childhood. Nineteen semi-structured interviews of adolescents with DCD (13–18 years) were conducted and analyzed using an interpretive description approach. ResultsData analysis revealed four overarching themes: (1) Through the years; (2) Standing out, left out, opting out; (3) Rising into Resilience; and (4) Help me to be me. Adolescents with DCD face challenges in physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and mental health domains, but their success can be optimized through provision of support, fostering social connections, the use of strategies, and increasing public understanding. Few services currently exist for adolescents with DCD, as treatment is not standard of care. Conclusions and implicationsInsights gained from this study provide client-centred evidence to advocate for intervention for adolescents with DCD, and guide recommendations for clinical care and community support to meet the needs of this under-served population. What this paper adds?This paper qualitatively explores the lived experience of adolescents with DCD, adding to the limited research within this population. Expanding beyond the typical focus of motor challenges, this paper highlights the widespread influence of DCD on daily life, including in cognitive, mental health, and social-emotional domains. Common environmental contexts that exacerbate challenges during adolescent years are explored, including high school PE class and electives, learning to drive, beginning employment, and preparing for post-secondary education. Through an interpretive description methodology, this paper delves into clinical and practical solutions to support adolescents with DCD, from an individualized and client-centered perspective.

Problematic Internet use and attitudes towards persons with disabilities – cross-sectional research among Polish students

BackgroundProblematic Internet use (PIU) can have detrimental effects on physical, emotional, psychological, and social functioning. Besides well-described PIU correlations in psychological domains such as personality traits, or life satisfaction, and self-assessment, the social aspect of PIU risk also appeared to be important. This study aimed to investigate the association between PIU and attitudes towards persons with disabilities.MethodsA total of 595 Polish students aged 18–29 participated in this research by completing the Internet Addiction Test, Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons With Disabilities, and personal information form.ResultsThe findings revealed that 30.6% of the respondents were at high risk for PIU. Moreover, heightened levels of PIU were more prevalent among male participants and students in technical fields of study than in those in medical and social fields of study. Increased PIU was also associated with more negative attitudes towards persons with disabilities in general and in the domains of emotions and behaviours. Additionally, prior personal contact with individuals with disabilities was related to both PIU rates and attitudes towards persons with disabilities in the domain of emotions and beliefs.ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of PIU among Polish students and emphasizes the need for preventive measures, particularly targeting male students and those in technical fields of study. The results indicate a relationship between PIU and attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. Further research is required to determine the direction of the relationship. It is recommended that educational programs provide opportunities for interaction with individuals with disabilities to promote understanding and acceptance.

Measuring digital well-being in everyday life among Slovenian adolescents: The Perceived Digital Well-Being in Adolescence Scale

ABSTRACT Previous research has mostly correlated screen time with adolescents’ social, cognitive, and emotional well-being outcomes, while overlooking adolescents’ subjective experiences of smartphone use. The present research filled this gap by developing and validating the Perceived Digital Well-Being in Adolescence Scale (PDWBA). This semantic differential scale was developed by conducting a literature review and five cognitive interviews with Slovenian adolescents and then tested in two cross-sectional studies. A total of 161 Slovenian adolescents participated in Study 1 (M age = 17.87, SD age = 1.23), and 1,040 Slovenian adolescents (M age = 15.28, SD age = 1.79) participated in Study 2. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a stable three-factor model consisting of perceived digital well-being subscales in the social, cognitive, and emotional domains. Construct validity tests were performed and metric invariance across sex was established. The descriptive results showed that adolescents’ perceived digital well-being differed according to sex, age, and educational track. We discuss the scale’s theoretical and practical relevance and formulate suggestions for future research.

Patient-reported outcomes of locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy: a randomized controlled study

Objective: To compare the patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: This single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2020 to August 2022. Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were to undergo radical gastrectomy were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to 1∶1, and received robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes (including postoperative complications, surgical quality and postoperative short-term recovery) were compared between the two groups by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated ANOVA, generalized estimating equation, χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 237 patients were enrolled for modified intention-to-treat analysis (120 patients in the robotic group, 117 patients in the laparoscopic group). There were 180 males and 59 females, aged (63.0±10.2) years (range: 30 to 85 years). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the robotic group and laparoscopic group (16.7% (20/120) vs. 15.4% (18/117), χ2=0.072, P=0.788). The robotic group had higher patient-reported outcomes scores in general health status, emotional, and social domains compared to the laparoscopic group, differences in time effect, intervention effect, and interaction effect were statistically significant (general health status: χ2 value were 275.68, 3.91, 6.38, P value were <0.01, 0.048, 0.041; emotional: χ2 value were 77.79, 6.04, 6.15, P value were <0.01, 0.014, 0.046; social: χ2 value were 148.00, 7.57, 5.98, P value were <0.01, 0.006, 0.048). However, the financial burden of the robotic group was higher, the differences in time effect, intervention effect and interaction effect were statistically significant (χ2 value were 156.24, 4.08, 36.56, P value were<0.01, 0.043,<0.01). Conclusion: Compared to the laparoscopic group, the robotic group could more effectively relieve postoperative negative emotions and improve recovery of social function in patients.

Neural Correlates of Mild Behavioral Impairment in older adults across the neurodegenerative spectrum

AbstractBackgroundMild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a syndrome characterized by later life onset, persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in non‐demented older adults. MBI can co‐occur with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and has a range of neurodegenerative etiologies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). MBI is associated with poorer cognitive and psychosocial function and an increased risk of developing dementia. Thus, we aimed to explore the structural neural correlates of MBI, specifically in the regions known to be associated with cognitive impairment (i.e., corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits), across multiple neurodegenerative diagnoses from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI).MethodWe assessed the association between MBI and brain structural alterations via T1‐weighted imaging in three groups with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores ³19: individuals with MCI (due to AD; n = 37), CVD (n = 129), and PD (n = 127). NPS scores were derived from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐Q) domains, and categorized as NPS+ (i.e., NPI score&gt;0); and NPS‐ (NPI score = 0). We selected regions of interest from the corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits to measure brain structure using cortical thickness and subcortical volume. Partial correlation, corrected for age, sex, and education was used to assess the association between MBI and brain structural alterations.ResultOverall, apathy, depression, and anxiety, which map to the decreased motivation and emotional dysregulation MBI domains, had a high prevalence across all the groups. In the brain‐MBI association analysis, apathy was associated with decreased thickness of the l‐rostral middle frontal, r‐superior temporal, and frontal pole in the PD and CVD (but not MCI) groups. Anxiety was associated with decreased volume of the right hippocampus and amygdala in the MCI group, but not CVD or PD (FDR p&lt; 0.05). No structural correlates were found for depression.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence of a specific association between apathy and reduced efficiency of the frontal‐executive system in individuals with PD and CVD. In addition, the well‐established AD corticolimbic atrophy patterns (e.g., hippocampus and amygdala) seen in MCI are prominent in the presence of anxiety. Overall, the relatively distinct brain‐MBI associations across neurodegenerative disorders suggest that pathological substrates may alter MBI neural correlates.

아동학대행위부모 교육모형 개발

Objectives: The purpose of this studyistodevelopandpropose a model of parental education for the prevention of child abuse .&#x0D; Methods: 21 previous studies on parental education for child abuse prevention and recurrence were analyzed, and the educational contents presented in the previous studies were extracted into cognitive, emotional, and behavioral areas. Three Delphi surveys including educational needs analysis interviews with five child abuse counselors were conducted, and the final educational model was established based on the results.&#x0D; Results: Experts agreed that cognitive and emotional domains interact to influence behavioral domains, and field experts agreed that for abusive parents to practice what they learned in the training, the training should include a lot of self-reflection and healing. Finally, the final training model was derived by agreeing on the detailed contents of each cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domain for each stage of training.&#x0D; Conclusions: Experts agreed that cognitive and emotional domains interact to influence behavioral domains, and field experts agreed that for abusive parents to practice what they learned in the training, the training should include a lot of self-reflection and healing. Finally, the final training model was derived by agreeing on the detailed contents of each cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domain for each stage of training.

지역 사회 세계시민 역량 지표 개발에 관한 델파이 조사 연구: 인천시 Y구 사례를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to develop local community-level indicators that can monitor the capabilities of global citizens to measure the effectiveness of global citizenship education for adults amid the spread of global citizenship education. It followed the distinction of cognitive, social and emotional, and behavioral areas, which are the core competencies of global citizens presented by UNESCO. The categories were selected after reflecting the main conceptual words derived through prior research analysis and the preliminary survey results for related parties, and considering the major conceptual words necessary for Y-gu, Incheon. After that, an expert Delphi survey was conducted twice to develop indicators. The results of the study are as follows. A total of 46 indicators were developed, including 3 categories, 14 conceptual elements, and 17 questions in the cognitive domain, 3 categories, 13 concept elements, 15 questions in the social and emotional domain, and 3 categories, 10 concept elements, and 14 questions in the behavioral domain. Through this study, it was confirmed that global citizenship and local citizenship should be recognized from an integrated perspective, and that global problems should be viewed in connection with local daily lives. This study is meaningful in that it presented examples that can be appropriately used in other regions where global citizenship education is being conducted.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE MENSTRUAL HEALTH OUTCOME QUESTIONNAIRE TO EVALUATE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG WOMEN DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Menstruation is a physiological process experienced by adolescent girls and women. Menstruation and premenstrual symptoms affect the Quality of Life. Different scales are available to measure QoL for different gynecological problems, but none are available for QoL during menstruation. WHO defines QoL as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a multidimensional concept that includes physical, mental, emotional and social functioning domains. It goes beyond direct measure of population health, life expectancy and causes of death and focuses on the impact of health status on quality of life. To develop a comprehensive instrument to assess the health-related QoL among women during menstruation. The creation of a scale to assess QoL during the menstrual cycle is indeed a significant endeavor. Menstrual health outcomes questionnaire contains 35 questions from different domains. After getting ethical approval pilot and pivotal study were conducted. Adolescents were randomly recruited in the study. Data was captured and entered in SPSS version 20. Principle factor analysis was determined to find construct validity among independent and dependent variables. Man-Whitney U-test was determined. A questionnaire has Cronbach’s alpha 0.796, determined 35 questions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was found 0.786. KMO and Bartlett’s test was found 0.820 with high significance (p = 0.000). The menstrual health outcome questionnaire has been established as a valid and reliable tool for assessing the QoL among women during menstruation.

세계시민교육을 위한 빅 아이디어 기반 음악 중심 통합단원 설계 방안

Purpose: With globalization, the need to foster global citizenship with global competencies has increased. The purpose of this study was to propose a music-centered integrated unit design based on big ideas to promote students' learning transfer and foster global citizenship through the pursuit of enduring understanding.&#x0D; Methods: The core competencies and learning areas of global citizenship education proposed by UNESCO, as well as the big idea and backward design, were examined through a literature review. The curriculum was analyzed to design a music-centered integrated unit. Big ideas were extracted by analyzing the music, social studies, and moral curriculum for grades 5-6 of the 2022 revised curriculum. A music-centered integrated unit was designed to holistically address UNESCO's cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral domains.&#x0D; Results: Based on the Big Idea of Music's Unique modalities, principles, contexts, and expressions, global Issues, peace and prosperity, a total of fifteen lesson plans integrating music, social studies,and moral studies were developed using the three-step process of backward design outlined by Wiggins and Mctighe. Step 1: Set unit goals to prioritize learning based on the big idea. In Step 2, a performance assessment task, “Work with an NGO to put on a musical play about global peace”, was proposed to check for understanding through assessment. In step 3, Investigating the musical characteristics of countries undergoing cultural conflicts and analyzing musical dramas across multiple cultures to transfer learning based on big ideas. The central task involved composing and performing a musical drama that expressed worldwide conflicts.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the big idea of global citizenship education, this study proposed a design plan for a total of fifteen music-centered integrated units by integrating music, social studies, and moral studies. Through this study, the author expects students to transfer their learning and understanding in music and other subjects to real-life contexts in an integrated way to enhance their global citizenship skills and cultivate pluralistic values to become global citizens.

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Psychological Burden and Influencing Factors from Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome Patients in China

Introduction: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). However, beyond the clinical and economic burden, psychological burden from CTCL patients in China has not been reported and requires further evaluation. Methods: The analysis used data from adults (≥18 years) clinically diagnosed with MF or SS, and have been receiving or have received disease-related treatment in the past year. MF patients with stage IA-IIA, patch or plaque phase were categorized into early stage, while stage IIB-IVA, tumor phase were late stage. All SS patients are late stage. HRQL data from the EQ-5D-5L, Skindex-29 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) were analysed at the item level and scored according to instrument guidelines. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with poor HRQL. Results: Data were collected from a quantitative survey of 56 MF patients and 5 SS patients residing in 38 cities of 21 provinces across China: 56% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 39 (13) years (median was 38, ranged 19 to 74 years old). 51% were late stage. Based on emotional domain questions of Skindex-29, among all patients, 39% always or often worried about the disease progression, while 45% of late-stage patients were always and often worried. 36% of all patients often or always felt CTCL was annoying. Based on FACT-G, in physical well-being domain, 39% of all patients, and 48% of late-stage patients felt they were ill in “quite a bit” or “very much” scale, respectively. In social well-being domain, 35% of all, and 39% of early-stage patients felt “not at all” or only “a little bit” satisfied with their sex life. In emotional well-being domain, 38% of all patients were “not at all” or “a little bit” satisfied with their coping with the disease, while 36% of all patients “quite a bit” or “very much” worried about the condition getting worse. In the functional well-being domain, 29% of all patients felt they were “not at all” or “a little bit” able to work. In multivariate analysis, regression on EQ-5D-5L score showed that younger patients were more likely to report severe anxiety and depression. Skindex-29 score showed that female patients worried more that the disease get more serious and causing scars on their skin. Conclusions: In China, psychological burden with MF and SS, included anxiety, depression, worrying about disease progression, unable to work, and unsatisfied sex life. Younger patients and female patients reported greater psychological impact of the disease. Optimal medical management of MF and SS should address psychological impacts of the disease.

A Real-World Evidence Review of Post-Marketing Safety and Compliance with Pegcetacoplan in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) in the US

Introduction: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematologic condition characterized by complement-mediated, life-threatening hemolysis and thrombosis which are associated with significant impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pegcetacoplan is the first targeted complement component 3 (C3) therapy approved for adults with PNH (US) and adults with PNH plus anemia despite receiving a complement component 5 inhibitor (C5i) for ≥3 months (EU). In clinical trials including patients with PNH who were C5i-experienced or -naive, pegcetacoplan significantly improved levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reduced transfusion burden. Pegcetacoplan had a favorable safety profile in parent studies and an ongoing long-term, rollover, open-label extension study (NCT03531255). Compliance with pegcetacoplan treatment was high across all clinical studies. In the US real-world OPERA and Adelphi PNH Disease Specific Programme™ (DSP) patient-reported outcomes (PRO) studies, improvements in levels of Hb and LDH, along with self-reported fatigue and cognitive outcomes, were observed. Pegcetacoplan treatment also led to reductions in the frequency and severity of PNH symptoms (including shortness of breath and fatigue) and improvements in social, physical, and emotional HRQoL domains in the US real-world Voice of the Patient PRO study. Further, both patient and physician satisfaction with pegcetacoplan treatment was high in the Adelphi PNH DSP study. However, to date, compliance and safety with pegcetacoplan treatment in the real-world setting have not been described. The objective of this real-world evidence review study was to evaluate compliance and safety with pegcetacoplan treatment in patients with PNH in the US post-marketing setting. Methods: Post-marketing data from the US, including the number of patients who received pegcetacoplan and reported safety events, were collected and analyzed from the pegcetacoplan Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) program which controls the distribution of pegcetacoplan and the pharmacovigilance safety database through May 13, 2023. Treatment compliance was calculated as the proportion of days a patient had the drug in possession, divided by the total number of days of follow-up, using central pharmacy prescription refill data. Thrombosis (a leading cause of death in patients with PNH prior to the availability of complement inhibitors) and meningococcal infections (a potential risk with complement inhibitors) were safety events of interest. To reduce the risk of serious meningococcal infections, clinical trial protocols and pegcetacoplan labeling required vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae; N meningitidis types A, C, W, Y, and B; and Haemophilus influenzae type B before starting treatment with pegcetacoplan. If pegcetacoplan treatment must be initiated before vaccination, the US label mandates prophylactic antibiotic use. In this study, the rates of thrombosis and meningococcal infection per 100 patient-years were estimated based on the total number of thrombosis and meningococcal infection events reported in the REMS program. Results: As of May 13, 2023, the cumulative pegcetacoplan exposure was 273.10 patient-years in the US post-marketing setting. Based on prescription refill data, compliance with pegcetacoplan treatment was ~98%. There were 2 confirmed thrombotic events reported and the incidence of thrombotic events was 0.73 events/100 patient-years in 273.10 patient-years. Similar to clinical trials, no meningococcal infections were reported in the US post-marketing setting. Conclusions: The high compliance rate and favorable safety profile of pegcetacoplan in the US post-marketing setting were consistent with clinical trial observations. These data, coupled with the effectiveness on hematologic parameters and improvements in symptoms and HRQoL reported in pegcetacoplan real-world PRO studies, support a positive benefit:risk profile for pegcetacoplan in the real-world setting.

Association between oral condition and subjective psychological well-being among older adults attending a university hospital dental clinic: A cross-sectional study.

Positive psychological well-being has a favorable impact on survival rates in both healthy and unhealthy populations. Oral health is also associated with psychological well-being, is multidimensional in nature, and includes physical, psychological, emotional, and social domains that are integral to overall health and well-being. This study aimed to identify the associations between individual and environmental characteristics, oral condition and nutritional status in relation to subjective well-being among older adults using the Wilson and Cleary conceptual model. The participants were older adults (age ≥ 60 years) attending a university hospital. Subjective well-being was assessed using the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index, oral condition was assessed based on the number of bacteria in the tongue coating, oral wettability, tongue pressure, occlusal force, oral diadochokinesis, and masticatory ability, and subjective swallowing function was assessed using the Eating Assessment Tool, number of remaining teeth, and number of functional teeth. In addition, factors related to well-being, including social networks, life-space mobility, nutritional status, smoking history, drinking history, and medical history were assessed. In the analysis, structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between oral condition and subjective well-being. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed oral condition as a latent variable, including tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, occlusal force, masticatory ability, subjective swallowing function, and number of functional teeth. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that oral condition was positively correlated with nutritional status, and nutritional status was positively correlated with the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index. These findings suggest that oral condition may influence subjective well-being via nutritional status or social environmental factors.