Emotional Discharge Research Articles

Mental Health and the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic-Polish Research Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the mental state of Poles in the first weeks of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic. Methods: In the study, the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-18), The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Mini-Cope were used. Results: The study was conducted on a group of 443 individuals, including 348 women (78.6%) and 95 men (21.4%). There were more women (χ2 = 6.42, p = 0.02) in the group of people with high results in the GHQ-28 questionnaire and the differentiating factors between those with sten scores above 7 (significantly deteriorated mental health) and those with average or low results (sten score below 7) turned out to be: treatment for mental disorders before the pandemic (χ2 = 19.57, p < 0.001) and the use of psychotherapy during the pandemic (χ2 = 4.21, p = 0.04) and psychiatric pharmacotherapy (χ2 = 8.31, p = 0.01). The presence of suicidal thoughts since the appearance of the pandemic-related restraints and limitations significantly differentiates the compared groups (χ2 = 38.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Every fourth person in the examined group (over 26% of the respondents) recorded results that indicate a high probability of mental functioning disorders. Approximately 10% of the respondents signalled the occurrence of suicidal thoughts since the beginning of the pandemic. The respondents complain mainly about problems in everyday life, lack of satisfaction from one’s own activities, tension, trouble sleeping, and feelings of exhaustion. Individuals with significantly reduced mental well-being use non-adaptive coping strategies, such as denying problems, emotional discharge, taking substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming themselves for the situation. The risk factors for the deterioration of the mental state of the respondents during the pandemic include psychiatric treatment before the beginning of the pandemic, the presence of suicidal thoughts during forced isolation, and the use of non-adaptive coping strategies (denial of the existence of problems, emotional discharge, use of psychoactive substances, discontinuation of action, and blaming oneself for the situation).

Overview on Children Mental Health Status during Coronavirus Disease: Expressing How to Support

Background: Coronavirus pandemic puts children in a more critical mental status compared to adults. Some symptoms of children’s mental disorders include extreme dependence, anxiety, fear, anger, and impatience. The present study aimed to review the studies, which have investigated the effects of coronavirus and its consequences on mental health, particularly the children, and provide some effective strategies to support them. Materials and Methods: In this overview, two researchers carried out the present study after comprehensive research according to the latest articles in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until March 27 2020. Results: Ten studies examined were conducted on the children mental health status (the symptoms of depression (22.6%), anxiety (18.9%), and the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) (30%)) as well as irritability, anger, emotional discharge and other symptoms, such as sleep disorders, nightmares, nocturnal enuresis, eating disorders, the sense of loneliness, the fear of illness and loss of parents or caregivers, understanding the physical signs of the disease in children under quarantine, news of outbreaks and school closures. This review reports that the symptoms of fear and anxiety in children of12-17 years old are higher compared to adults. Conclusion: To reduce the negative psychological effects on the children arisen from coronavirus crisis, despite the recommendations of World Health Organization (WHO), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), some strategies are significantly important including physiological counseling for parents and children, access to the mental health services, and paying more attention to the children exposed to risk.

How do adolescents with Adjustment Disorder cope with stressful situations? Relationship with suicidal risk

ObjectiveLittle is known about the role of coping in relation to suicidal risk in adolescents with Adjustment Disorder (AD). The present study aimed to assess the relation between suicidal ideation and intention and coping strategies in a clinical sample of adolescents with AD, paying special attention to gender differences. Material and methodSelf-reported questionnaires about suicidal ideation and intention and coping strategies were administered to 108 adolescents with an AD diagnosis. ResultsCompared with the normative population, adolescents with an AD diagnosis made more use of Acceptance-Resignation (an avoidance-type coping strategy) and less use of Positive Reappraisal (an approach-type coping strategy). Nevertheless, gender introduced some peculiarities. A relationship was observed between the use of certain coping strategies and suicidal ideation and intention, but with notable differences depending on gender: significant and high correlations were found between these two variables in AD boys, both in the total approach score (r=.53, p<.01) and in the total avoidant score (r=.60, p<.01), with coping strategies explaining 41% of suicidal ideation and intention; in girls, in contrast, the only significant relationship was with an avoidant strategy, Emotional Discharge (r=.25, p<.05), although it had low explanatory power. ConclusionsCoping strategies must be taken into consideration when assessing and treating adolescents with AD at risk of suicide, especially in the case of boys. The absence of association between coping strategies and suicidal risk in girls is discussed, and some therapeutic proposals are presented.

Emotional Intelligence and Stress Coping Strategies Among Students of Physical Education and Sport Study Programs

Background. Studies of various scholars confirm the relation between the application of stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence, but there is a lack of research about the relationship between individual coping strategies and emotional intelligence levels among the first- and the fourth-year students. The aim of the research was to reveal peculiarities of emotional intelligence and stress coping strategies of undergraduate students of physical education and sport study programs.Methods. The Shutte Self-Assessment Questionnaire was used to measure the level of emotional intelligence of the participants (Schutte &amp; Malouff, 1999). The questionnaire composed by Grakauskas and Valickas (2006) was used to identify the stress coping strategies. It consists of four factors: social support factor, problem-solving factor, emotional discharge factor and avoidance factor. The research was based on the following ethical principles: confidentiality, anonymity, impartiality and privacy. The first- and the fourth-year students of the Lithuanian Sports University and Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Programs were surveyed. The research sample consisted of 123 participants. Male participants comprised 66.7% of the sample, and the female participants comprised 33.3%. of the sample. The first-year undergraduates made up 57.7% of the sample, and the fourth-year undergraduates made up 42.3% of the sample.Results. Analyzing the data on the stress coping strategies according to the participants studying experience, it was found that the fourth-year students used the social support strategy more frequently in comparison with the first-year students. In addition, the fourth-year students applied emotional discharge and avoidance strategies more often than the first-year students. Comparing stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence according to the gender of participants, no statistically significant differences were found. There was a statistically significant relationship between the stress coping strategy and the ability to evaluate and express one’s emotions.Conclusions. Comparing emotional intelligence of the first- and the fourth-year students of physical education and sports study programs, no statistically significant differences were found. Comparison of stress coping strategies applied by the first- and the fourth-year students of physical education and sports degree programs revealed that the fourth-year students tended to use social support, emotional discharge and avoidance strategies more frequently than the first-year students. Comparison of stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence according to gender did not show any statistically significant differences. However, there was a statistically significant relationship between stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence, though it was a weak, but significant difference between emotional intelligence components such as the ability to express and manage emotions and problem-solving focused stress coping strategy.Keywords: stress, stress management strategies, emotional intelligence.

Reminiscence, personality, coping and mood state in institutionalised older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Reminiscence functions in older adults have been associated with variables related to mental health such as depressive symptoms. Additionally, the way in which older adults cope with stress or their personality traits could influence their use of reminiscence. This study examined the relation between gender, coping styles, personality traits and reminiscence functions and how these variables predict depressive symptoms in institutionalised older adults. The participants were 117 institutionalised older adults (range 62-98 years). They completed measures of reminiscence functions, depressive symptoms, coping styles and personality traits. Neuroticism and avoidance coping styles were related to a maladaptive use of reminiscence functions. The results showed that institutionalised older adults with high neuroticism and who usually use emotional discharge and logical analysis as avoidance coping styles and bitterness revival as a reminiscence function may be more likely to present depressive symptoms. The findings may help enhance the efficacy of interventions using reminiscence.

A study to assess the relation between stress and coping among the nursing students

Stress has been considered as a major issue of concern in 21st century and this has been documented widely among the nursing students but the use of effective coping methods can facilitate them to return to a balanced state. Although the body of evidence is growing on stress over the world, there is very little in the literature to know the relationship between stress and coping among the nursing students of Assam. Researchers conducted this study by using quantitative approach and descriptive survey design among 120 students, selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Standard tools such as Perceived Stress Scale and Coping Response Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by using Software SPSS 16.0 version. Study results showed that majority (70.00%) of the students had moderate stress, 64.5% of students had average coping. Results also showed that no significant associations of stress as well as coping were found with selected demographic variables. The results further revealed that there was positive correlation of stress with acceptance or resignation, emotional discharge and negative correlation with problem solving, cognitive avoidance and positive reappraisal. The study concluded that students need to learn effective stress management techniques and healthy coping strategies in order to reduce the stress as well as maintains overall wellbeing. Keywords: Physical health, Psychological wellbeing, Academic performance, Demographic variable, Nursing college.

Preparing for Discharge From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Discharge readiness is a key determinant of outcomes for families in the NICU. Since 2003, using a broad set of outcome and process measures, we have conducted an ongoing quality improvement initiative to improve the discharge preparation process in our NICU and readiness of families being discharged from the NICU. Iterative improvements to the discharge preparation process were made by a multidisciplinary committee. Discharge readiness was measured by using a parental and nurse survey for all families discharged from our NICU. Primary outcome measures included parental self-assessment of discharge readiness and nurse assessment of the family's emotional and technical discharge readiness. Secondary outcome measures included assessment of specific technical skills and emotional factors. Process measures included nursing familiarity with family at discharge. Improvement over time was analyzed by using statistical process control charts. Significant improvement was seen in all primary outcome measures. Family self-assessment of discharge readiness increased from 85.1% to 89.1%; nurse assessment of the family's emotional discharge readiness increased from 81.2% to 90.5%, and technical discharge readiness increased from 81.4% to 87.7%. Several secondary outcome measures revealed significant improvement, whereas most remained stable. Nurse familiarity with the family at discharge increased over time. Quality improvement methodology can be used to measure and improve discharge readiness of families with an infant in the NICU. This model can provide the necessary framework for a structured approach to systematically evaluating and improving the discharge preparation process in a NICU.

Topical tasks of psychological support of adults with disabilities in the context of the specifics of their life trajectory

The article is devoted to the study of phenomenology of psychological problems of adults with disabilities. An attempt is made to classify problems in the context of life trajectories analysis. The study identified three variants of life trajectories of persons with disabilities and identified the most important tasks of psychological care in each case. Important goals of psychological work are reassessment and positive reinterpretation of negative life events, their understanding and reconsideration, search for ways to reduce the emotional significance of negative events. It is important to train respondents to focus on the present moment of life – "here and now". It is important to work on the conflict of control over life. It is necessary to assist in emotional discharge, training techniques of self-support and relaxation.

Физкультминутки и динамические паузы на уроках английского языка в начальной школе

The issue of preserving young learners’ health under the conditions of constantly increasing educational pressure has concerned the pedagogical society for decades. The article focuses on physical activities integrated into language lessons and offers definitions of the terms “a physical activity break”, “a PE break”, “a dynamic break”. A physical activity break is a short break from studies for a set of special exercises aimed to prevent fatigue and other unfavourable consequences of learning activities. The term “a dynamic break” or “a PE break” is commonly referred to as the time allocated for physical activity during the lesson (Vajner, Kastyunin 2012). In our opinion, since a dynamic break or a PE break is a special time for physical activity breaks, and the two concepts are closely linked with each other, a sustainable word combination “physical activity and dynamic breaks” was formed in national methodological research. In our research, particular attention is devoted to the classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks. A thorough examination of scientific and methodological literature has shown that there is no unique generally accepted classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks for young learners. Moreover, there is no such classification for children who are learning English as a foreign language. It is for this reason that we introduce an original classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks for English lessons at primary school. It is based on the development of young learners’ language skills, i. e. pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar skills. This classification includes articulation and breathing exercises, Total Physical Response (TPR), physical exercises for different parts of the body and special exercises for fingers fatigue prevention. We recommend introducing songs, chants and poems, videos, sketches, educational games, and mini-games in the course of physical activity and dynamic breaks. Physical exercise promotes physical and emotional discharge as well as helps young learners to transit from one activity to another, it has a favourable effect on pupils, and makes a positive impact on the acquisition of learning material. The younger the children, the greater their need for physical activity, and the higher the importance of physical activity and dynamic breaks during the lesson. The article offers examples and recommendations for physical activity and dynamic breaks on the topic “Animals” for young learners (2nd form, the first year of English instruction).

Shifting between cultural identities: The voice of preschool children

&#x0D; Aim. The purpose of this research is to capture the shift between two cultural identities, for a group of Romanian children enrolled in a German teaching preschool class, and to closely analyze the impact on cultural identity components.&#x0D; Methods. In this study 27 children, aged 3 to 6, were involved, together with their parents and two teachers. During one year of investigation, they were analyzed using participative observation, focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted in a public preschool.&#x0D; Results. The analysis reveals witch cultural identity components of this children undergo transformation, in what amount and with what impact considering the school environment and the influence of both parents and teachers. For this research, the exploration of cultural identity components was done under the conceptualization proposed by Ching Wan and Pony Yuen-Ga Chew (2013), namely: cultural knowledge, categorization and social relationships (the self-expressed in attitudes and behaviors).&#x0D; Conclusions. Although a positive image emerges for the German culture as a future culture of belonging, we notice the children's effort to achieve the cultural shift desired by their parents and an emotional subtle discharge in their free play and verbalized mental models. The different vision of parents and teachers over education strengthens some components of cultural identity by broadening the autonomy-shame ambitus that increases the level of self-confidence, which receives a distinct German cultural mark.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Male Adjudicated Adolescents: Psychosocial Concerns, Coping Responses, Diagnoses, and Functions

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to self-inflicted physical injury without suicidal intent. NSSI is particularly common in forensic settings and associated with several psychosocial concerns, coping responses, diagnoses, and functions, but little information is available regarding NSSI in adjudicated male adolescents. The present study examined the frequency and types of NSSI among adjudicated male adolescents (n = 103) and assessed the relationships between NSSI history, psychosocial concerns, coping responses, diagnoses, and functions within this population. Approximately two-thirds (66%) reported NSSI history. Participants with NSSI history reported poorer social adaptation and greater alienation and boredom, aggression, and emotional lability than controls. Youth with high-frequency NSSI were also more likely to utilize emotional discharge as an unhealthy coping response than controls. In addition, participants with high-frequency NSSI were more likely than controls to meet criteria for a mood or anxiety disorder. Function of NSSI primarily surrounded anxiety reduction/affect regulation, punishment, dissociation reduction, and social/sensation-seeking. NSSI appears to be prevalent among male adjudicated youths, and the findings suggest that the relationship between NSSI history, psychosocial concerns, coping responses, and functions is nuanced and could inform more calibrated assessment and treatment strategies.

Risa y Risoterapia en el campo de la salud y sus beneficios en algunos contextos: Una breve revisión

La risa como una expresión de bienestar, alegría y descarga emocional, ha sido considerada una terapia alternativa y no invasiva dentro del ámbito de la salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar los beneficios de la risa en el campo de la medicina, sus características, la risoterapia como técnica fundamentada en la risa y la utilidad de ésta en ámbitos como la salud cardiovascular, el estrés y el cáncer a través de una breve revisión de su literatura.

Adaptación a la prisión y ajuste psicológico en una muestra de internos en centros penitenciarios

ResumenAunque la literatura ha abordado ampliamente el estudio de la prisionización, el análisis de los efectos de las va­riables criminológicas en la adaptación a prisión y del estatus social en prisión, y de éstas en el ajuste psicoló­gico y las destrezas cognitivas que emplean los internos no ha sido suficientemente trabajado. Para conocer de ello, evaluamos en variables criminológicas, adaptación a prisión, estatus social en prisión, ajuste psicológico y destrezas cognitivas a una muestra de 112 internos varo­nes en cumplimiento de una pena privativa de libertad de una prisión portuguesa, con edades entre 23 y 74 años (M = 40.40, DT = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) con antecedentes penales (reincidentes). Los resultados revelaron que las variables criminológicas (e.g., problemas en la familia) estaban relacionados con niveles más bajos de adapta­ción a la prisión. Además, los internos presentaban peor ajus­te psicológico que la población general, y los reinci­dentes que los primarios. Asimismo, también pusieron de manifiesto que los internos se caracterizaban en la reso­lución de problemas por recurrir a estrategias de afron­tamiento evitativas (i.e., Evitación cognitiva, Aceptación o Resignación, Búsqueda de recompensas alternativas, Descarga emocional), en detrimento de las aproximativas (i.e., Análisis lógico). Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para el diseño de programas de interven­ción dentro de prisión y la preparación para la vida en li­bertad (i.e., tercer grado).AbstractAlthough prisonization has been studied in previous lit­erature, the effects of criminological variables on prison adaption and prison social status; and of the latter on psychological adjustment and cognitive skills have not been sufficiently analysed. As for knowing about this, 112 male prison inmates with an age range between 23 and 74 years (M = 40.40, SD = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) with criminal records (recidivists) serving sentences in a Por­tuguese prison were evaluated in prison adaption, prison social status, psychological adjustment and cognitive skills. The results showed that criminological variables (e.g., family problems) were related with lower levels of adaption to prison. Furthermore, prison inmates exhib­ited a significant worse psychological adjustment than the normative population, and recidivists than primary offenders. Likewise, the results revealed that prison in­mates were characterized in problem solving tasks by adopting an avoidant coping style (i.e., Cognitive avoidance, Acceptance or Resignation, Seeking alternative rewards, Emotional discharge), at the expense of an approach coping style (i.e., Logical analysis). The implications of the results for in-prison intervention programmes design and the preparation for a third-degree life i.e., under parole, are discussed.

Parenting Stress and Coping Strategies in Mothers of Children Receiving Early Intervention Services

The relationship between coping strategies of mothers of children receiving early intervention services and parenting stress was studied. A total of 144 mothers from 17 early intervention centers located in the Valencian Community, Spain, participated of the study. Mother’s mean age was 35.6 years (SD = 4.10) and children’s mean age was 2.71 years (SD = 1.21). Mothers’ parenting stress level was measured using the Parenting Stress Index-SF (PSI-SF) and their coping strategies were evaluated using the Adult Coping Response Inventory (CRI-A). We proposed two structural equation models to predict total parenting stress and its factors in relationship to child’s and mother’s sociodemografic variables, and mediated by mother’s coping strategies. Mothers’ education level and child diagnosis had a direct impact on the three PSI-SF factors. Type of disorder and Cognitive Avoidance were positively and significantly (p < .05) related to the Emotional Discharge coping strategy, explaining a 20.9% of the variance. On the other hand, mothers’ educational level and child’s type of disorder, directly, and coping strategies, in the form of mediator or directly, have a relationship with the dimensions of maternal stress. Both models show similar results although the second model supports the existence of a latent stress factor that is explained by the three stress factors. The authors concluded that mothers of children with especial needs could potencially benefit from early intervention programs that provide supports to help them to incorporate aproach coping styles to their coping strategies.

Anksioznost i depresivnost kod bolesnica sa karcinomom grlića materice pre operativnog lečenja

As part of the Liaison Psychiatry, psycho-oncology takes important place with the goal of adequate treatment of oncology patients. At the end of last century, the first phase of the development of this area is marked by dilemma, whether to tell the patient what is suffering of and how to do it. Cervical cancer is the most common diseases of women genital organs and in the last few years, trend shows the increase of illness and mortality. Overall low level of health culture in general population, as well as late recognition of symptoms, results in late cure treatment. In addition to the biological nature of causes – Human Papiloma virus, the illness is affected by emergence of psychical factors, which is described throughout the history of medicine. Women temper and character is the basis for emotional reaction of psychological factors. Studies had shown that women, who are emotionally inhibited with reduced capacity for emotional discharge, were predisposed for malignant diseases. Psychological response to somatic diseases and, in general, attitudes towards physical illness is different and individual. Research confirms the always present anxiety, already at the first examination by a gynecologist, indicates a fear of uncertainty. Confirmation of diagnosis of malignant diseases and expected treatment, in addition to anxiety, can lead to a diagnosis of depression, mood disorder and sexual dysfunction. In common psychological practice are in use various scales, test and questionnaires for assessment of anxiety, depression, stress level, quality of life, psychological defense mechanisms, all that convey trough through team work.

The Effectiveness of Play Therapy on Social Skills and Academic Performance of Students

Today, social skills essential for modern life. This necessity, especially for a child who puts people in the face of multiple positions, is more tangible. Social skills are abilities that are causing behaviors that are positive or negative reinforcement. These skills can be successful in human relationships with others and create positive results. And promote the compatibility and effectiveness of appropriate behavior in relation to the rest of the community the child lives in the community, to provide (to the researcher, Soleimani, and Lavassani, 2009). Social process in which norms, skills, motivations and behaviors are shaped person and he is ready to enter the community (Nasaji Zavareh, 2009) In addition, according to academic performance as well as the way to develop social skills-are students (Alaghe Band, 2012). Performance is the set of behaviors that a person in connection with the duties of shows (Robbins, 1975; translated Persians & the Arabs, 2009). Atkinson (1998) Academic performance and ability of lessons learned or acquired, or in other words, The ability of the person learned or acquired in school subjects know that by standardized tests, measured (quoted Saif al, 2009). One of the ways in which social development and better learning helps students in schools, play therapy (health is general enough, Abedi & Khanzadeh, 2013, Rashidi Zafar, Janbozorgi & Ghasgghaei, s 2011). Psychologists and researchers several decades this method to treat a range of disorders and difficulties they have used and have confirmed their effectiveness (Beraton, Ray Rain & Joynz, 2005). Play therapy, proactive approach that can be used individually or in it, so that children and adolescents who sometimes do not cooperate during the verbal treatment allows through the game, feel more alert and reveal (Kazdin, 2010). (Shaffer, 1998) regarding the therapeutic effects of games on children, believes that crush the resistance in children, create merit and ability, creative thinking, refining, emotional discharge, role playing, fantasy, Creating symbolic education and the promotion of respect and attachment, positive emotions and overcome fears related to the growth of benefits for children is play therapy. Play a therapeutic role provides an opportunity for the child to be able to evacuate environmental concerns and dissatisfaction and emotions in them (quoting Karmykhail, 2006). In this research, Lewis and Karcher (2010) to study the role play therapy in reducing antisocial behavior and aggression indicated that play therapy could reduce the severity of anti-social behavior and aggression in children. Lanneret, vote and Bartlvn (2009) in a study as play therapy in primary schools reported that play therapy is effective in improving cognitive problems in children with learning disorders. Foroozandeh and Mahdieh (2014) the impact of video games on memory management treatment of hyperactive children did. The results indicated that play therapy is to improve children's memory. Health et al. (2013) study entitled Effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on memory games and social skills of children with spelling learning disability did. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the control effect of pre-test, post-test were significantly different between the control and experimental groups, The mean scores memory and social skills in group play therapy in post-test and post-test than the control group has increased. Babaei, Qnadzadgan and eloquent (2014) as the effectiveness of play therapy Gestalt approach to improving the social skills of preschool children have done. The results show that the game of Gestalt therapy to improve social skills (F =65/695) and social behavior (F=87/516) is effective. Rashidi Zafar et al. (2011) Effectiveness of Gray's play therapy to promote positive social behavior in preschool children examined. Play therapy in post-test results indicated significant increases in measures of positive social behavior, empathy, social orientation, , self-control, self-esteem, obedience, assertiveness, respect for the law and willingness to participate in the experimental group. …

Apatinių galūnių amputaciją patyrusių vyrų taikomų įveikos strategijų sąsaja su patiriamais potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomais

Apatinių galūnių amputacija yra trauminis įvykis, dėl kurio neretai patiriamas potrauminio streso sutrikimas ir jo simptomai. Vienas veiksnių, kuris gali padėti sumažinti patiriamą sutrikimą ir jo simptomus, yra adekvatus streso valdymas. Tyrimo tikslas buvo ištirti vyrų įveikos strategijų (socialinės paramos, problemų sprendimo, vengimo, emocinės iškrovos) sąsajas su jų patiriamais potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomais. Tyrime dalyvavo 92 vyrai, nuo 32 iki 82 metų amžiaus, patyrę apatinių galūnių amputaciją. Respondentai pildė klausimyną, kuriame buvo pateikiami klausimai apie patiriamus potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomus (Weis &amp; Marmar, 1997, lietuviška versija Kazlauskas ir Gailienė, 2005) ir taikomas streso įveikos strategijas (Valickas, Želvienė ir Grakauskas, 2010). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad vyrų dažniau taikoma emocinės iškrovos įveikos strategija ir vyresnis amžius susiję su didesniu bendru potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomų išreikštumu.

Coping strategies modify risk of depression associated with hematopoietic cell transplant symptomatology.

To determine whether coping strategies modify the risk of depression among allogeneic recipients experiencing post-transplant-related symptomatology, 105 participants (mean age = 52 years, 42% female) completed questionnaires 90 days post-transplant. A total of 28 percent reported depressive symptoms. Univariate correlations indicated that depression was associated with greater transplant-related symptomatology and avoidance, acceptance/resignation, and emotional discharge coping. Depression was negatively associated with problem-solving coping. Moderator analyses indicated that transplant-related symptomatology was significantly associated with depression among patients who frequently used maladaptive coping and rarely used adaptive coping. These data suggest that transplant-related symptomatology, combined with maladaptive coping, place patients at risk of depression.

Policijos pareigūnų sprendimų priėmimas kritinėmis aplinkybėmis

Decisions made by police officers may have dire consequences and determine their own or others’ lives. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim to explore the characteristics of the decisions made by police officers in critical circumstances such as how decisions are made relating to the actual stress (cortisol level), personality characteristics, self-efficacy and stress coping strategies. The study involved 103 police officers from all over Lithuania, who participated in an occupational training in a Lithuanian police school. Critical circumstances were created by using simulator “PRISimTM”. Officers took part in the simulation of professional situations and completed decisionmaking tasks; their actions and decisions were evaluated by professional instructors, and mistakes made by officers were also recorded. Officers worked in pairs – in simulated situations, two officers performed the roles of “action” and “cover” officers. In addition, study participants have been compiling the NEO PI-R personality and stress coping questionnaires, the decision-making self-efficacy scale. A survey was also used to collect demographic data. The stress level was evaluated by measuring hormone cortisol level (saliva samples were taken from the officers before decision-making tasks and immediately after them). It was found that at the time of decision-making by police officers the stress (cortisol level) significantly increases. In addition, the results of the study revealed the following important points: a) decision-making in critical circumstances among police officers is associated with gender and with the position held (results indicated that male officers and officers holding the patrol duties made fewer mistakes in decision-making tasks than others); b) police officers most often use a problem-solving strategy to cope with stress, and rarely – emotional discharge; c) police officers’ self-efficacy related to decision-making in critical circumstances is higher than average. Self-efficacy is also associated with a lower number of mistakes made in decision-making tasks; d) neuroticism is associated with the evaluations scores of decision-making tasks (those police officers who got lower neuroticism scores, received better evaluations scores of decision-making tasks (according to all the used criteria)).

Mediating and Moderating Effects in Ageism and Depression among the Korean Elderly: The Roles of Emotional Reactions and Coping Reponses

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the relationship between ageism and depression, exploring the stress-mediating and stress-moderating roles of emotional reactions and coping behaviors. MethodsData were from the 2013 Ageism and Health Study (n = 816), a cross-sectional survey of urban and rural community-dwelling seniors aged 60–89 years in South Korea. Participants with at least one experience of ageism reported on their emotional reactions and coping responses. The measure yielded two types of coping: problem-focused (taking formal action, confrontation, seeking social support) and emotion-focused (passive acceptance, emotional discharge). ResultsAlthough ageism was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.27, p < 0.0001), the association was entirely mediated by emotional reactions such as anger, sadness, and powerlessness. Problem-focused coping, especially confrontation and social support, seemingly reduced the impact of emotional reactions on depression, whereas emotion-focused coping exacerbated the adverse effects. ConclusionThese findings support the cultural characterization explanation of ageism and related coping processes among Korean elderly and suggest that regulating emotional reactions may determine the efficacy of coping with ageism.