Emotional Appetite Questionnaire Research Articles

Negative and positive emotional eating uniquely interact with ease of activation, intensity, and duration of emotional reactivity to predict increased binge eating

Binge eating is present in obesity and clinical eating disorder populations and positively associated with poor health outcomes. Emotional eating may be related to binge eating, but relationships with emotional reactivity remain unexplored. The present study examined the relationships between negative and positive emotional eating and emotional reactivity in predicting binge eating. A cross-sectional study was employed using an online community sample in the United States. Participants (N = 258) completed surveys assessing negative (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised, depression subscale) and positive emotional eating (Emotional Appetite Questionnaire), negative and positive emotional reactivity (Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale), and binge eating (Binge Eating Scale). Six moderation analyses were calculated with negative and positive emotional reactivity (ease of activation, intensity, and duration) as moderators of the relationship between negative and positive emotional eating, respectively, and binge eating. Increased negative emotional eating was associated with increased binge eating when duration of negative emotional reactivity was 1 standard deviation above average (p < .001), but at 1 standard deviation below average (p < .001), increased negative emotional eating was associated with decreased binge eating. Increased positive emotional eating was associated with increased binge eating when intensity (p < .01) of positive emotional reactivity was 1 standard deviation above average and when activation (p < .05) of positive emotional reactivity was slightly above 1 standard deviation above average. Increased positive emotional eating was associated with decreased BE when intensity of positive emotional reactivity was 1 standard deviation below (p < .05) average. Emotional reactivity may uniquely impact the relationship between emotional eating and binge eating. Research and clinical implications for the contribution of negative and positive emotional eating and emotional reactivity on binge eating are discussed.

Relationship Between Emotional Eating and Big Five Personality Characteristics and Mood Disorder Symptoms

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotionally triggered eating behaviour and mood disorder symptoms and personality characteristics. The sample of the research consisted of between 17-25 years old 300 university students. The measurements are a sociodemographic, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and The Big Five Inventory. Data were analysed performing T-Tests, correlation and regression analysis. Results indicated there is a significant relationship between mood disorder symptoms, some of emotional eating appetite sub-dimensions and some variables of Big Five personality traits of agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion personality. There was no relationship between mood disorders and emotional eating behaviors. Extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness were significant predictor of positive mood appetite, anxiety-based mood appetite, and dysphoric mood appetite respectively.

Factors affecting emotional eating and eating palatable food in adults.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship among emotional eating behavior, tendency to eat palatable foods, and several risk factors.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis study was carried out on 2,434 persons (1,736 women and 698 men) aged between 19 and 64 years. A questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool, which consisted of items for the socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ), and the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS).RESULTSA positive significant correlation was observed between the BMI groups and the negative emotions, negative situations, and negative total scores of EMAQ (P < 0.01). The regression results on negative subscales showed that a one unit increase in BMI resulted in a 0.293 unit increase in negative situations scores, a 0.626 unit increase in negative emotions scores, and a 0.919 unit increase in negative total EMAQ scores. When the BMI groups and PEMS subscale scores were examined, a significant relationship was found in the social motives, rewarding, and conformity subscales (P < 0.01). A one unit increase in BMI increased the coping motives scores by 0.077 units.CONCLUSIONSThe emotional states have a significant effect on the eating behavior. On the other hand, an increase in eating attacks was observed, particularly in people who were under the effect of a negative emotion or situation. Nevertheless, there were some limitations of the study in terms of quantitative determination of the effects of this eating behavior depending on the BMI.

The relationship between emotional appetite and bipolar features in obese and non-obese individuals

Objectives: It is known that many different positive and negative emotions can affect appetite and also, individuals who have bipolar features often have emotional fluctuations. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional appetite and bipolar features in obese individuals. Methods: One hundred and ninety obese individuals who applied for bariatric surgery and 136 non-obese individuals were evaluated with Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ), Beck- Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck-Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San-Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in the study. Results: In obese individuals who applied for bariatric surgery, the frequency of bipolar disorder was found to be 2% and binge eating disorder (BED) frequency was 51.2%. It was found that scores of appetite in negative emotions were higher in obese individuals with BED compared to obese individuals and it was higher in obese individuals compared to normal weight individuals. Cyclothymic features explained 27.2%, 25.8% and 15.7% of scores of appetite in negative situations of obese individuals with BED, obese individuals without BED and normal weight individuals, respectively. Conclusions: As a result of this study, it can be concluded that scores of appetite in negative situations may be affected by cyclothymic features in obese individuals with BED, in obese and normal weight individuals. Depression and anxiety symptoms are effective factors in explaining scores of appetite in negative situations of obese individuals with BED, obese and normal weight individuals.

Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrası Bireylerin İştah Kontrolü ve Yeme Bağımlılıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bariatrik cerrahi geçirmiş bireylerin iştah kontrolü ve yeme bağımlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır.&#x0D; Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya bariatrik cerrahi geçirmiş 400 birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, bariatrik cerrahi hakkındaki bilgi ve deneyimleri incelenmiştir. Bireylere ‘Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği’ (ABİS) ve ‘Duygusal İştah Anketi’ (DİA) uygulanarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.&#x0D; Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 37.6±8.6 yıl olan 334 kadın (%83.5) ve 66 erkek (%16.5) birey çalışmaya katılmıştır. Kadın ve erkek katılımcıların beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ortalamaları sırasıyla 28.6±5.9 kg/m2 ve 29.6±6.1 kg/m2’dir. Katılımcıların %63.2’sinin daha sağlıklı olmak amacıyla vücut ağırlığı kaybettikleri belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %87.8’inin Sleeve Gastrektomi yöntemi ile bariatrik cerrahi geçirdiği ve geçirilen bariatrik cerrahi ameliyatı üzerinden geçen sürenin ortalama 20.0±17.3 ay olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyete göre bariatrik cerrahi öncesi zayıflama çayları/tozları/ilaçları kullanımı, hastalık durumları ve zayıflama isteğindeki amaçlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (p&lt;0.05). Katılımcıların vücut ağırlığı değerleri (r=0.131, p=0.009) ve ana öğün sayıları (r=0.160, p=0.001) arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin arttığı, fiziksel aktivite yaptıkları gün sayısı arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır (r=0.264, p=0.000). Ayrıca katılımcıların ABİS toplam puan değerleri arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin de arttığı belirlenmiştir (r=0.448, p=0.000).&#x0D; Sonuç: Bariatrik cerrahi ve iştah kontrolü arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi, bu hastaların iştah kontrollerini sağlayabilmeleri ve ileriki dönemde geri ağırlık kazanımının engellenmesi için oldukça önemlidir.

Emotional eating behavior among University of Bahrain students: a cross-sectional study

Given that the transition to university is a stressful experience, the present study aimed to assess how emotions affect eating behavior among students from the University of Bahrain. This was a cross-sectional study on 169 undergraduates, aged 17 to 36 years (average age, 20 ± 3 years), who completed an online survey that included questions based on the validated Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. The results showed that neither gender nor marital status had an effect on the reported eating behavior under different emotional states. Moreover, the majority of students reported eating less during negative emotional states (fear, sadness, anger, stress and depression). However, under loneliness and happiness, students tend to either sustain their food intake (45.6% and 55.0%, respectively) or to increase their food intake (32.0% and 39.6%, respectively). Results also revealed that the majority of students (71.6%) identified boredom as a trigger for emotional eating, but were less likely to experience guilt. Further, students tend to turn to high calorie, high fat foods during emotional eating episodes. Our findings underline the need to develop a multidisciplinary intervention strategy to improve the diet and eating habits of university students, with the goal of reducing the risk of obesity and related diseases.

Examination of emotion-induced changes in eating: A latent profile analysis of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire

It is now recognized that emotions can influence food intake. While some people report eating less when distressed, others report either no change of eating or eating more in the same condition. The question whether this interindividual variability also occurs in response to positive emotions has been overlooked in most studies on Emotional Eating (EE). Using the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) and Latent Profile Analysis, this study aimed to examine the existence of latent emotion-induced changes in eating profiles, and explore how these profiles differ by testing their relations with 1) age and sex, 2) BMI and risk for eating disorders (ED) and 3) factors that are known to be associated with EE such as perceived positive/negative feelings, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms and impulsivity. Among 401 university students (245 females) who completed the EMAQ, 3 profiles emerged (P1:11.2%, P2:60.1%, P3:28.7%), with distinct patterns of eating behaviors in response to negative emotions and situations but few differences regarding positive ones. Negative emotional overeaters (P1) and negative emotional undereaters (P3) reported similar levels of emotional distress and positive feelings, and were at greater risk for ED. However, the people in the former profile i) reported decreasing their food intake in a positive context, ii) were in majority females, iii) had higher BMI and iv) were more prone to report acting rashly when experiencing negative emotions. Our findings suggest that a person-centred analysis of the EMAQ scores offers a promising way to capture the inter-individual variability of emotionally-driven eating behaviors. These observations also add to the growing literature underscoring the importance of further investigating the role of different facets of impulsivity in triggering overeating and to develop more targeted interventions of EE.

Evaluation of disordered eating tendencies in young adults.

It was aimed to determine the prevalence of high disordered eating tendencies and its relationship with food addiction, emotional eating and self esteem in participants at 18 and 33years age group. This study was planned as a cross-sectional study and conducted with 1359 young adult volunteers (M=386, F=973) with an average age of 22.4±2.84years. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used. EAT-26 score above 20 was considered as eating disorders risk cutoff. Participants with disordered eating tendencies have higher rates (22.4%) of food addiction compared to participants without high disordered eating tendencies (7.2%). There is no difference for EMAQ and YFAS scores; however, there is a significant difference for RSES and EAT-26 scores according to gender. A positive association of EAT-26 with YFAS and EMAQ-negative scores and a negative association of EAT-26 with RSES and EMAQ-positive were found. There is association among EAT-26, YFAS, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Emotional Appetite Questionnaire scores. This study provides information for future studies about high disordered eating tendencies, food addiction and mood that are thought to be important in young adults. Level V (cross-sectional descriptive study).

Validation and Factor Structure of the French-Language Version of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ).

The concept of Emotional Eating (EE) is increasingly considered to be implicated in overeating and obesity, and in different subtypes of eating disorders. Among the self-report questionnaires assessing EE, the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) includes recent advances in this area: it evaluates a broad range of emotions and situations both positive and negative, and the way they modulate food intake (decrease, stability, or increase). The main objective of our study was to further investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the EMAQ in a large sample of students. Participants completed the EMAQ (n = 679), the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) (n = 75) and the CIDI-eating disorders screening (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (n = 604). Factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the EMAQ were tested. Factorial analyses supported a two-factor (Positive and Negative) structure. The internal consistency indices were satisfactory and results suggest good test–retest reliability for the scale. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed from the significant correlations observed between the EMAQ scores and the DEBQ-EE subscale scores. Regarding associations with weight, whereas EMAQ negative scores were positively correlated with BMI, EMAQ positive scores were negatively correlated with BMI. Finally, EMAQ scores differed significantly depending on gender and risk for bulimia nervosa. This study supports the validity and the reliability of the EMAQ, which appears to be a promising instrument to better understand individual differences that could modulate food intake.

The Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ)'s Reliability and Validity and Relationship with Body Mass Index and Emotional Schemas

Objective: In this study we aimed to implement the reliability and validity analyses of Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EAQ) in Turkish sample, which has been developed for evaluating relationship between eating behavior and emotion. In addition we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAQ and emotional schemas and body mass index. Method: 196 university students and hospital staff voluntarily included to our study. Participants firstly asked to complete the socio-demographic data form. Turkish form of the EAQ, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) was given to criteria met participants. To determine the reliability of the scale as required by test-retest method, participants were given a section again after 1 month. Results: Results: For reliability analysis of Turkish version of EAQ (TEAQ); internal consistency, item-total score correlations and test-retest reliability were assessed. TEAQ have a high level of internal consistency and each items in the whole of scale shown to be compatible and complementary. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for test-retest reliability analysis of TEAQ and obtained high degree evidence. Significant positive correlations (p< 0.01) determined between negative total scores of TEAQ and BMI scores. In addition significant negative correlations (p< 0.01) determined between positive total scores of TEAQ and BMI scores. Between Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) sub-dimensions scores and TEAQ sub-dimensions scores, significant negative relationships were obtained (p

Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Construct validity and relationship with BMI

The Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) comprises ratings of tendency to eat in response to both positive and negative, emotions and situations. To assess construct validity, the responses of 232 male and female participants to the EMAQ subscales were correlated with the subscales of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), which has been extensively validated. In addition, the EMAQ scores were correlated with BMI. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between the negative emotions and situations scores of the EMAQ and the emotional eating subscale score of the DEBQ (DEBQ-E). Moreover, discriminant validity was demonstrated by low correlations of EMAQ positive emotions and situations scores with the DEBQ-E score. For the study sample, the EMAQ negative scores were significantly positively correlated with BMI, and the EMAQ positive scores were significantly inversely correlated with BMI. As BMI increased so did reported negative emotional and situational eating whereas as BMI decreased, reported positive emotional and situational eating increased. Although causality cannot be inferred from correlations, eating more under negative emotions may contribute to being overweight whereas eating less may contribute to being underweight. The EMAQ was shown to have construct validity, and emotional eating was significantly correlated with BMI.

Emotional Appetite Questionnaire: Construct validity and relationship with BMI.

Emotional Appetite Questionnaire: Construct validity and relationship with BMI.