Emotional Abuse Research Articles

In silico aquatic toxicity prediction of chemicals toward Daphnia magna and fathead minnow using Monte Carlo approaches

The fast-increasing use of chemicals led to large numbers of chemical compounds entering the aquatic environment, raising concerns about their potential effects on ecosystems. Therefore, assessment of the ecotoxicological features of organic compounds on aquatic organisms is very important. Daphnia magna and Fathead minnow are two aquatic species that are commonly tested as standard test organisms for aquatic risk assessment and are typically chosen as the biological model for the ecotoxicology investigations of chemical pollutants. Herein, global quantitative structure–toxicity relationship (QSTR) models have been developed to predict the toxicity (pEC(LC)50) of a large dataset comprising 2106 chemicals toward Daphnia magna and Fathead minnow. The optimal descriptor of correlation weights (DCWs) is calculated using the notation of simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) and is used to construct QSTR models. Three target functions, TF1, TF2, and TF3 are utilized to generate 12 QSTR models from four splits, and their statistical characteristics are also compared. The designed QSTR models are validated using both internal and external validation criteria and are found to be reliable, robust, and excellently predictive. Among the models, those generated using the TF3 demonstrate the best statistical quality with R 2 values ranging from 0.9467 to 0.9607, Q 2 values ranging from 0.9462 to 0.9603 and RMSE values ranging from 0.3764 to 0.4413 for the validation set. The applicability domain and the mechanistic interpretations of generated models were also discussed.

Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Adolescents.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are preventable, potentially traumatic events with lifelong negative impacts. Population-level data on ACEs among adolescents have historically relied on parent reports and excluded abuse-related ACEs. We present the self-reported prevalence of ACEs among a large population-based sample of US high school students. Using cross-sectional, state-representative data from 16 states that included core ACE questions on their 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we estimate the prevalence of 8 individual (lifetime emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, physical neglect, witnessed intimate partner violence, household substance use, household poor mental health, incarcerated parent or guardian) and cumulative ACEs (0, 1, 2-3, ≥4) among a large population-based sample of adolescents, overall and by demographic characteristics (sex, race and ethnicity, age, sexual orientation). Emotional abuse (65.8%), household poor mental health (36.1%), and physical abuse (32.5%) had the highest prevalence. ACEs were very common, with 80.5% of adolescents experiencing at least 1 ACE and 22.4% experiencing ≥4 ACEs. Experiencing ≥4 ACEs was highest among adolescents who were female (27.7%), non-Hispanic multiracial (33.7%), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (27.1%), gay or lesbian (36.5%), bisexual (42.1%), or who described their sexual identity some other way or were not sure of their sexual identity (questioning) (36.5%). Self-reported ACE estimates among adolescents exceed previously published parent-reported estimates. ACEs are not equally distributed, with important differences in individual and cumulative ACEs by demographic characteristics. Collecting ACE data directly from adolescents at the state level provides actionable data for prevention and mitigation.

"You're made to feel like you're the crazy one": an interpretive description of former college student-athletes' views of emotional abuse.

Many normalized coaching behaviors are often abusive yet are seen by coaches and athletes as instrumental in achievement and competition. The current study was designed to extend past research and theory by subjectively exploring how and why former intercollegiate athletes identified their head coach as emotionally abusive. Twenty former intercollegiate student-athletes (M age = 26.0 years) from nine sports participated in semi-structured interviews ranging from 65 to 189 min (M = 105.8, SD = 58). Interpretive description methodology was used with reflexive thematic analysis to generate a coherent conceptual description of the themes and shared experiences that characterized emotionally abusive coaching. The themes that associated with an athlete labeling a coach as emotionally abusive fall under two aspects of Stirling and Kerr's 2008 definition: non-contact coach behaviors and the resulting harmful outcomes experienced by the athletes. Non-contact behaviors were ones that diminished performance, neglected holistic development, and were inconsistent. The harmful effects were the negative emotional responses and dehumanization experienced by athletes. Finally, participants felt that a coach's desire for power and control over athletes explained the coach's behaviors generally. Based on these results, we put forth the conceptual claim that emotional abuse, and psychological violence more broadly, cannot be defined or identified based solely on the perpetrator's behaviors. The athlete's cognitions, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors are critical in determining whether emotional abuse occurred, and these interpretations are shaped by an athlete's existing relationship with the coach.

Defining child maltreatment for research and surveillance: a Delphi study in 34 countries

Abstract Background Child maltreatment is a complex public health issue that has consequences across the life-course. Studies to measure child maltreatment and identify interventions and services are constrained by a lack of uniform definitions across sectors and countries. We conducted a Delphi study to reach consensus on types and characteristics of child maltreatment for use in surveillance and research in Europe. Methods Statements were developed following a scoping review and identification of key concepts by an international expert team (n = 19). A multidisciplinary expert panel (n = 70) from 34 countries participated in three rounds of online data collection. We defined consensus as ≥ 70% agreement or disagreement with each statement after the final round. Results Consensus was reached on 26/31 statements, with a participant retention rate of 94%. The definition states that child maltreatment is a subtype of violence against children. The perpetrator can be an adult or minor, but must be in a position of power over the child. To define an act or omission as child maltreatment, it must cause harm or have the potential to cause harm, regardless of intention, severity, chronicity, or the traditional/cultural beliefs of the perpetrator. In addition, the broad umbrella term encompassing emotional, behavioural or cognitive maltreatment should be “psychological”, and psychological maltreatment should be split into sub-types of psychological abuse and psychological neglect. “Neglect” is a broad type of child maltreatment within which there are subtypes that can all be characterised as “failure to provide” or “failure to supervise”. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate consensus on the types and key characteristics of child maltreatment across multiple sectors and countries, providing a unified definition of child maltreatment to improve consistency of measurement and surveillance in Europe. This abstract is submitted on behalf of Working Group 1 COST Action 19106. Key messages • A standardised definition is essential for monitoring child maltreatment. • We propose a consensus-based definition that can be used to improve child maltreatment measurement in research and surveillance.

Adverse childhood experiences and dissociation among Italian public psychology service users

Different studies have provided evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems as a function of racial and ethnic diversity. The aim of the present study was thus to study the association between ACEs and dissociation in a sample of Southern Italian public psychology service (PPS) users. A sample of 183 adults who requested psychotherapeutic treatment within an Italian PPS was recruited. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q). Dissociative symptoms were assessed via the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II) and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20). Dissociative syndromes were assessed via two scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III): the Somatoform Syndrome (H) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Syndrome (R) scales. The most common types of ACEs in our sample were emotional neglect and emotional abuse. The number of ACEs showed a significant association with all the different measures of dissociation administered. Logistic regression analysis for the DES-II resulted in a solution made up of sexual abuse and parental separation or divorce. The regression analysis for the SDQ-20 resulted in a solution made up of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and parental separation or divorce. Sexual abuse positively predicted PTSD scale scores, while no solution was found for somatoform disorder. ACEs and dissociation were strongly associated in this study, but the nature of this association depended on the aspect of dissociation under investigation, particularly when we considered the distinction between dissociative symptoms versus syndromes. Cultural characteristics and clinical implications for public services are discussed.

Harassment of interns, medical interns and residents: consequences and complaints

Abstract Introduction Workplace harassment manifests in various forms for healthcare students, potentially leading to modifications in their lives and academic activities. Objectives To describe the type of harassment experienced by interns, medical interns, and residents, and its consequences. Methods A cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted, including medical interns, social service interns, and residents from Veracruz who reported experiencing harassment in their assigned areas during their last academic year. Direct and virtual invitations were sent through various electronic means. Results 58 students were included, with 39 (67.2%) being women. 50% reported experiencing psychological abuse, and 65.5% reported experiencing sexual harassment. The most severe sexual harassment incidents included sexual assault with physical force (1.7%) and three instances of non-consensual sexual relations (5.2%), while the most common were sexual jokes/comments (72.4%). Following harassment experiences, 25% of participants reported feeling anxious, 22% stressed, and 17% angry. Students who perceived psychological abuse reported anger (69%), stress (58.6%), and anxiety (58.6%) as the most frequent consequences, while those reporting sexual abuse indicated anger (73.7%), shame (68.4%), and anxiety as primary consequences. The most frequently identified harassers were attending physicians (56.9%), senior students (34.5%), and non-medical personnel (34.5%). Students filed complaints with hospital authorities (6.9%), university authorities (6.9%), and external agencies (5.2%). The individual who experienced sexual assault with physical force did not file any complaint, while only one person reported non-consensual sexual relations to hospital authorities. Conclusions It is crucial to establish safe spaces for students within the hospital environment to promote their overall well-being and academic success, as well as to encourage a culture of reporting. Key messages • Highlighting the need for intervention within the work teams where our students are placed, promoting a violence-free environment. • Annexing a therapist as part of the work team could favor the well-being of students, since mental health is one of the main points affected within a violent environment.

Training for migrant live-in care workers in Austria: results from an online survey

Abstract Background In Austria, almost 60.000 migrant “24-hour” live-in caregivers work in two- or four-week shifts, travelling between Austria and their countries of origin (mostly Romania, Slovakia, Croatia, Hungary and more) to care for frail older people at home. As opposed to other social and healthcare professions, live-in care workers do not require any formal training at all to be able to work in Austria. Methods With the aim of gaining an in-depth insight into the working conditions of live-in caregivers and with the aim of recording their problems and needs, an online survey including 40 questions was conducted from 15 July to 15 September 2023 in four languages (Slovak, Romanian, Bulgarian and German). The study is part of the MigraCare project which focuses on improving working and living conditions for migrant live in care workers. Results Results show that many live-in caregivers are not fully aware of their job profile: what are nursing and medical tasks they are only allowed to do when delegated by professional healthcare staff? Most respondents have to take on tasks that are outside their job profile. Many state that it is difficult to care for people with dementia. In addition, some caregivers report physical and psychological violence and sexual harassment. Most wish for training possibilities regarding topics like dementia, communication with client and family, legal framework regarding their job in the long-term care sector and others. Conclusions Live-in care workers wish for continuous education activities and for a better relationship with the family relatives and the care recipient. Based on the results of the survey short multilingual training videos have been developed easily accessible on a video platform for live-in care workers. Also, a connection to community nurses has been established in order to improve communication between care recipient, family members and live-in care workers. Key messages • Results from an online survey show that live-in care workers face challenges at work which are partly due to an unclear job profile as well as communication problems with the care recipient. • Results of an online survey show that live-in care workers wish for education and training opportunities (mother tongues) in the field of dementia care, communication with family or legal framework.

Abstract Strengths and difficulties Lithuania

Abstract Background Most mental health disorders begin before the age of 18, peaking at 14.5 years (Solmi, 2022) and manifest as emotional and behavioural difficulties that are more frequent in institutional social care (ISC): former foster care recipients have higher rates of depression and PTSD than the general population (Pecora, 2009). The rate of children living in residential care facilities in Europe and Central Asia is double the global average (UNICEF, 2024). This study aims to assess and compare the mental health of children in ISC centers and regular high schools. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in ISC centres and high schools in 2022-2023. The sample size consisted of children aged 11-17 living in ISC (n = 49) or in families (n = 193). Online anonymous survey was applied to assess the prevalence of endured violence, substance use and measure mental health outcomes using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-25). Results A total of 242 respondents (age mean 14.6, SD = 2.12) in ISC and families showed similar poor mental health rates (42% and 44%, respectively). Prosocial behaviour problems were exhibited more by boys (p < 0.05), whereas emotional symptoms were more common in families (p < 0.001): 90% normal SDQ-25 scores in ISC vs 60% in families. Enduring psychological (38% vs 60.2%) violence was more prevalent among children in families (p < 0.05); smoking - in ISC, alcohol use - in families (p < 0.05). In both groups enduring physical violence was associated with smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.05), and overall poor SDQ-25 results strongly correlated (p < 0.001, r = 0.815, r = 0.610, respectively) with hyperactivity. Conclusions A significant part of study participants reported poor mental health outcomes with most problems in relationships with peers. Mental health risk factors such as violence or substance abuse are associated with poor emotional wellbeing while being more common among children living with families. Key messages • Children living in ISC and in families demonstrate similar level of mental health problems. • Varying prevalence of substance abuse among children living in different settings highlights the importance of environmental factors when addressing the issue.

Family: cornerstone for young people to be victims of violence in the university stage

Abstract Introduction Violence is a pervasive issue that wreaks havoc within communities, with the family serving as a cornerstone for the development of individuals, thereby influencing their behavior within society. Objectives To determine the association between a history of family violence and being a victim of violence among university students. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, prospective study that included university students of both sexes. Family function was measured using the Family APGAR test, while the dependent variable was experiencing any type of violence during the university stage. Results A total of 1148 participants were included, with an average age of 20.47 (±3.3) years, 63.9% were women, 94.9% were cisgender, and 77.3% were heterosexual; 45.3% of participants identified with family dysfunction, 45.3% had witnessed a violent act in their family, and 46% of participants experienced violence at university. When evaluating factors associated with experiencing violence, a positive association (OR/CI95%) was identified for attending a private school (1.4/1.1-1.9), alcohol consumption (2.4/1.7-3.5), having family disfunction (1.5/1.2-1.9) living in a family with violence (2.3/1.8-2.9), knowing friends who experienced partner violence (2.1/1.6-2.7) or family violence (1.9/1.4-2.5). Conversely, a negative association was found for being heterosexual (0.6/0.4-0.8), never witnessing sexual (0.3-0.2-2.5), physical (0.5/0.4-0.65), or psychological (0.3/0.2-0.4) violence in the family, nor experiencing violence during childhood (0.4/0.3-0.5), middle school (0.4/0.3-0.5), or high school (0.4/0.3-0.5) (p < 0.001), likewise, not exercising physical, psychological, sexual, digital or other types of violence during college presents OR = 0 (p < 0.001) in each of these items. Conclusions The social environment, alcohol consumption, a history of witnessing violence in family and friends, as well as the perpetration of violence are associated with receiving violence. Key messages • Evidence indicates the importance of the family for the development of its members, since, just by witnessing behaviors, they favor the development of social roles. • The first contact physician must return to his essence, focusing on the care of the patient in a comprehensive manner, including the environment in which he develops.

Comparing Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide in Induction Therapy for Childhood-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: An ARChiVe registry-cohort study.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are chronic life-threatening vasculitides requiring substantial immunotherapy. Adult trials identified rituximab (RTX) as an alternative to cyclophosphamide (CYC) for remission-induction of GPA/MPA. Disease rarity has limited feasibility of similar trials in pediatrics. We aim to evaluate the relative efficacy and toxicity of CYC and RTX for childhood GPA/MPA through registry-based comparative evaluation. From A Registry of Childhood Vasculitis we identified GPA/MPA patients who received induction with RTX or CYC. Pediatric vasculitis activity score (PVAS) and pediatric vasculitis damage index (pVDI) evaluated disease activity and damage. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics. RTX/CYC comparisons used logistic regression for primary outcomes of post-induction remission (PVAS=0) or low disease activity (PVAS<2). Hospital admission for adverse events and pVDI were compared using logistic regression and ordinal regression, respectively. Among 104 patients, 43% received RTX, 46% CYC, 11% both. Treatment groups did not significantly differ for diagnosis PVAS and onset age. There was no difference in remission between groups (63% overall; OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.52). Hospitalizations occurred in 22% of RTX patients versus 10% on CYC (OR 2.27, 95% CI: 0.73, 7.05). The median 12-month pVDI was one in both groups (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.43, 2.22). This is the first study comparing CYC and RTX for induction in pediatric GPA/MPA. No significant differences were shown in rates of remission, severe adverse events, or organ damage. Limitations included lack of standardized treatment regimens, retrospectivity, and lack of longitudinal adverse drug-related event data.

Domestic Violence in India- Issues and Challenges

Domestic violence is violence or abusive behaviour which is used by one partner to control another partner in any relationship. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological or any pattern. For example, it may take the form of sexual assault psychological abuse or verbal abuse to anyone. It affects people of all socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels. Domestic violence not only affects those who are abused, but also affects family members, friends, co-workers, other witnesses, and the community at large. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2019-2021, 29.3% of married Indian women between the ages of 18 and 49 have experienced domestic or sexual violence in India. That is only the number of cases reported by women, there are frequently many more that never make it to the police. According to NFHS data, 87% of married women are victims of marital violence. The National Commission for Women said in 2020-21, it received 26,513 complaints from women, an increase of 25.09%, compared with the 20,309 complaints registered in 2019-20. The Indian legal system has formed Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code according to the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, 1983 (46 of 1983), especially for dealing with domestic violence. 498A IPC states that “Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty. —Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to a fine. Sec 498A IPC is cognizable, non-compoundable and non-bail able. Even though the law provides for the security of women, there is a big loophole; a lack of awareness among the victims, most of whom do not know that they have the option to approach the law. In this paper, the researchers have tried to explore the issue and challenges for stopping domestic violence in India.

Impact of caregiving stressors on elder abuse—examining the mediating role of caregiver coping strategies

Objectives Based on the Caregiving Stress Theory and Cognitive Theory of Stress and Coping, this study examined whether increase in caregiving stressors had an impact on subsequent increase in different forms of elder abuse. Additionally, this study evaluated how these relationships were influenced by caregiver (CG) coping strategies. Method A group of 800 Chinese primary family CGs and their care recipients (CRs) with mild cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia were analyzed. Participatory dyads were assessed and followed for 2 years. Structural Equation Models were used to test the associations among caregiving stressors, CG coping strategies, and elder abuse. Results Increase in caregiving stressors (ie CR decreased cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional impairment) significantly increased the level of subsequent physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect. In addition, the associations between caregiving stressors and different forms of elder abuse as stated above was mediated by CG dysfunctional coping strategies. Conclusion This study highlights the varying impact of caregiving stressors on different types of elder abuse and emphasizes the role of CG coping strategies in mediating these relationships. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of intervention protocols targeting both caregiving stressors and CG coping strategies to prevent elder abuse.

Assessing the Content Relevance of Gender-based Violence News Articles in Tanzanian Newspapers on Reducing the Problem

Aims: The purpose of the study was to assess the content relevance of Gender-based Violence (GBV) news articles in Tanzanian newspapers on reducing the problem. The study applied Agenda setting theory (McCombs and Shaw, 1972) as a leading theory complemented by the Priming theory (Iyengar, Peters, and Kender, 1982) and Framing theory (Gregory Bateson, 1972). Study Design: The study adopted a triangulation approach where both quantitative and qualitative methods and tools were applied. The study was conducted between September 2022 and January 2023 in six regions of Tanzania Mainland (Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Mtwara, Mwanza, and Tanga) and two main Islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba). Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and applied a triangulation approach whereby both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied in data collection, analysis, and reporting. It involved 161 respondents and 297 copies of five daily newspapers for data. Findings: From the study, it was revealed that GBV content had little relevance. It was scarcely reported; that was, only 2% of GBV articles out of 14,618 were identified. There was also a significant variation in GBV reporting between newspapers - the highest percentage of articles in newspapers was 0.76% and the lowest was 0.06%. In addition, the study revealed sexual violence was reported more frequently 36% and psychological violence less frequently 11%. Furthermore, Kiswahili newspapers carried 80% of all GBV articles compared to 20% of English newspapers. GBV articles were geographically relevant but were not enough to motivate respondents to read newspapers. Hence the majority of the respondents 52% were not satisfied with the usefulness of GBV issues reported in newspapers. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the contents of GBV articles in the Tanzanian newspapers had little relevance and thus low contribution to reducing GBV in the country. It was therefore recommended that media houses/outlets should think of establishing special GBV reporting desks, investing in investigative reporting of GBV, and considering the recruitment of specialized GBV editors and reporters.

Association of Childhood Abuse with Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

A link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), stressful life events and psychological factors has previously been reported. Our objective was to examine the relationship between childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and risk of IBD using a large cohort of female health professionals. We included participants in the Nurses' Health Study II who completed the Physical and Emotional Abuse Subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Sexual Maltreatment Scale of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale in 2001. Diagnosis of IBD was determined by self-report and confirmed independently by two physicians through review of medical records. We used Cox proportional hazard modeling to estimate the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) while adjusting for covariates. Among 68,167 women followed from 1989 until 2017, there were 146 incident cases of CD and 215 incident cases of UC. Compared to women with no history of abuse, the adjusted hazard ratios of CD were 1.16 (95% CI 0.67 - 2.02) for mild, 1.58 (95% CI 0.92 - 2.69) for moderate, and 1.95 (95% CI 1.22 - 3.10) for severe abuse (Ptrend = 0.002). We did not observe an association between childhood abuse and risk of UC. Women who reported early life severe abuse had an increased risk of CD. These data add to the growing body of evidence on the critical role of early life stressors in development of CD.

Exploring factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women in Pakistan and its implications for maternal and perinatal health

ABSTRACT Domestic violence during pregnancy is a critical health issue due to its significant implications for both maternal and fetal well-being. Women in South Asian countries are particularly at a higher risk of experiencing domestic violence. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with domestic violence among pregnant women attending tertiary care antenatal services in Pakistan. The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of domestic violence on maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study participants were 681 pregnant women registered for antenatal care and delivery at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through in-person surveys and medical chart reviews. Associations between domestic violence and study variables were examined by logistic regression analysis. Among the study participants, 31.4%experienced some form of domestic violence during pregnancy, with psychological abuse (16.4%) being the most prevalent followed by sexual abuse (9.5%) and physical violence (1.8%). Women whose husbands were unemployed were three times more likely to experience domestic violence (aOR; 3.3, 95%CI: 1.6, 7.0). Similarly, husband’s substance abuse was significantly associated with domestic violence during pregnancy (aOR: 120.8, 95%CI: 57.9, 252.2). Domestic violence was a significant predictor of adverse maternal outcomes, including anemia, preterm labor, and recurrent abdominal pain. Similarly, domestic violence was a significant predictor of NICU admission (aOR: 20.6, 95%CI: 12.6, 33.8) and low birthweight (aOR: 24.4, 95%CI: 10.2, 58.4). The study findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive interventions targeting domestic violence among women and preventing its cascading effects on pregnancies.

PO0242: The Dose-Effect Relationship for Vaginal Late Toxicity in Intracavitary Brachytherapy with Cylinder Applicator

PO0242: The Dose-Effect Relationship for Vaginal Late Toxicity in Intracavitary Brachytherapy with Cylinder Applicator

Colorectal cancer research priorities in Uganda: perspectives from local key experts and stakeholders.

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in Uganda but there is limited local research to guide policy and programming for CRC prevention and control. A stakeholder engagement workshop took place in Kampala on 19March 2024 to identify challenges and opportunities for CRC prevention and control in Uganda. A total of 30 stakeholders with expertise in CRC primary and secondary prevention, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care as well as cancer survivors participated in the workshop. Key challenges for primary prevention included low knowledge/awareness of CRC among the general population and health workers, and rising prevalence of CRC related risk factors. Limited CRC screening, diagnostic facilities and specialists were identified as barriers to diagnosis. Treatment related challenges included limited accessibility to surgical services and drugs, late-stage presentation leading to poor treatment response, treatment abandonment and drug related toxicity. Lack of universal health coverage policies, limited community-based cancer awareness programs, and lack of national cancer registries were cited as policy and economics challenges. Opportunities to address these challenges were discussed. Our findings highlight areas for further research and prioritization to address Uganda's growing CRC burden and may be applicable to other low-resource settings.

Childhood Emotional Trauma and Flourishing in Female College Students.

There are few studies that measure the effects of childhood emotional trauma on female college students' positive perceptions and attitudes toward their present lives. Therefore, this study analyzes how female college students' emotional trauma induced by child emotional abuse influences their flourishing as adults. To this end, a descriptive survey via an online platform was conducted from November 26 to December 3, 2022. The participants were 318 female college students aged 18 to 35 in South Korea, who experienced parental emotional abuse when they were younger than 18 years old. The survey was conducted to validate the moderating effects of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between female college students' childhood emotional trauma and flourishing. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Hayes' PROCESS macro. Self-blame, other-blame, and positive refocusing factors of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were found to moderate the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and flourishing. Specifically, the self-blame strategy intensified the negative moderation effect. As flourishing depends on the degree of self-blame, fostering optimism by mitigating self-blame is necessary. The other-blame strategy attenuated the negative impact of childhood emotional trauma on flourishing. Nevertheless, this strategy can weaken emotions if individuals fail to regulate them independently. A positive refocusing strategy also effectively moderated the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and flourishing by alleviating the former's adverse effects. By contrast, resilience lacked a moderation effect. To overcome past emotional adversities and lead a flourishing life, interventions that actively utilize relational resources within the campus and regulate irrational beliefs, such as self-blame and blame toward others are necessary. These findings provide critical foundational data for the development of programs aimed at fostering a forward-thinking cognitive framework, thus enabling them to focus on future plans despite memories of emotional abuse.

Forgotten Violence: Social and Cultural Contexts of Sibling Abuse in Afghanistan (A Case Study of Students - District 6 of Kabul)

Background and Purpose: The probability of a person being subjected to violence in the family is much higher than outside the family. The purpose of this research is to examine family violence, especially sibling violence among families in Kabul province, Afghanistan. Methodology: This research was conducted using a simple accessible sampling method with several 370 boys and girls in the families of Kabul using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings and Conclusions: Descriptive findings show that among the families of Kabul city, physical abuse by siblings is 26.4%, psychological abuse by siblings is 26.4%, and lastly, siblings are sexually abused by 10.2%. is placed the age of the victim of sibling abuse was more than 16 years old in boys and girls (54.5%) had the highest frequency. 28% had the most sibling abuse in children 4 and later, 54.5% of Tajiks and 41.5% of early education had high levels of sibling abuse in their families. On the other hand, 37.6% of unemployed families, 36% of low-income families, 50% of parents living alone, and 54.4% of families with vehicles had more frequency of sibling abuse. Analytical findings show that the cultural and social characteristics of families, such as the level of parental education, poverty, and unemployment, have an effect on the level of violence between siblings, and students who have a lower level of family background than They told others, violence has become more prevalent among them. The results show that social factors and cultural levels within families are effective in the level of violence among children; therefore, if a society can strengthen the normative and cultural components of families through education, it can improve the health of families.

Elucidating Heterogeneity of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Latent Class Analysis of Daily IPV, PTSD, and Substance Use Collected via Experience Sampling Methodologies.

The co-occurrence of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with heightened risk for deleterious mental and physical health outcomes, including PTSD symptoms and substance use. However, few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of experiences with respect to this co-occurrence among women who experience IPV as it unfolds naturally in women's daily lives. In this study, we developed a novel approach to classify and visualize daily patterns of IPV experiences, PTSD-related distress, and substance use among women who experience IPV. Women (N = 244, Mage = 37.1 years) who reported experiencing IPV and using substances were recruited from the community. Micro-longitudinal data were collected four times per day for 14 days using automated telephone-based data collection. Analyses included latent class analysis (LCA) and multilevel analysis (interval-, day-, and person-level), complimented by novel data visualization tool (EventFlow). We identified three classes that significantly differed in the prevalence of and patterns among IPV types, PTSD, and substance use. Based on examination of LCA results and visualization of the latent classes in EventFlow. Different patterns of associations among IPV types, PTSD symptoms, and substance use were identified within classes at the interval-, day-, and person-level. Results from this study provide greater insight into the heterogeneity of women's lived experiences than do studies solely relying on cross-sectional survey data. Findings with this type of data collection can inform the development of interventions to increase the precision in clinical practice, identify new avenues for future research, and have important policy implications.