Emotional Variables Research Articles

RESEARCH OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Goal: find out if there is relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Participants: 112 people aged from 18-36. Method: the research is based on comparison of levels under scales of psychological well-being and scales of emotional intelligence. Results: positive significant correlations where found between both emotional intelligence variables and psychological well-being scales. Conclusion: Detailed analysis demonstrates positive relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and psychological well-being.

THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION OF CUSTOMER SERVICE OFFICER BAKTI PT BANK CENTRAL ASIA Tbk KCU PEKANBARU

This research aims to determine the influence of emotional intelligence and work stress on job satisfaction of customer service officers at PT Bank Central Asia Tbk KCU Pekanbaru. This research is a quantitative research with emotional intelligence and job stress variables on job satisfaction. This study uses data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The number of samples in this study were all CSO Bakti employees of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk KCU Pekanbaru, totaling 47 employees. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. According to results of the study simultaneously that emotional intelligence and work stress affect the job satisfaction of CSO Bakti employees at PT Bank Central KCU Pekanbaru. Emotional intelligence and work stress contributed 79,6% to the job satisfaction of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk KCU Pekanbaru employee customer service officers, while the remaining 20.4% was accounted for by other variables not examined in this study.

Infant visual preference for the mother’s face and longitudinal associations with emotional reactivity in the first year of life

Past research has focused on infants’ visual preference for the mother’s face, however it is still unknown how these responses change over time and what factors associate with such changes. A longitudinal study (N ~ 60) was conducted to investigate the trajectories of infant visual preference for the mother’s face and how these are related to the development of emotional reactivity in the first year of life. Two face stimuli (i.e., the infant’s mother and a consistent stranger face) were used in a visual preference task at 2 weeks, 4, 6, and 9 months of age. At each time point, mothers were asked to complete a measure of infant temperament via standardised questionnaires. Our results show that while at 2 weeks, 4 months and 9 months of age infants looked equally at both faces, infants at 6 months looked significantly longer at their mother’s face. We also observed prospective associations with emotional reactivity variables so that infants who looked longer at the mother’s face at 6 months showed higher falling reactivity, i.e. a better ability to recover from distress, at 9 months. We discuss these findings in light of the roles that both infant development and the caregiver play in emerging emotion regulation capacities during the first year of life.

Emotional intelligence and its association with psychological well-being: an empirical study concerning B-school students in and around Hyderabad Metro

This paper presents the results of General Linear Model on the association between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being in B-school students in and around Hyderabad Metro, India. The study was carried out using two standardized questionnaires – a 30-item modified version of Emotional Intelligence scale developed by Kalpana Sri et al., and 18-item Psychological Well-being Scale developed by Carol Ryff. The General Linear Model multivariate analysis was used to study the effect of emotional intelligence variables – self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating oneself, empathy and social skill on psychological well-being variables self-acceptance, environmental mastery, autonomy, personal growth, positive relations with others, and purpose life. Survey Instrument was developed and circulated online across various channels like emails, Whatsapp, LinkedIn to collected data. The questionnaire link was shared to more than 300 B-School students in and around Hyderabad Metro. One hundred and ninety eight valid responses were subjected to data analysis to measure the association between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. The instrument's reliability was assessed by measuring Cronbach’s alpha values which ranged from 0.65-0.81. The General Linear Model results indicate statistically significant effect of emotional intelligence factors on total on psychological well-being; managing emotions (p<0.05), motivating oneself (p<0.05), Empathy (p<0.001), social skill (p<0.001. There were statistically significant age differences observed (p<0.05) with the whole model. Further, the General Linear Model analysis carried out a distinct analysis of variance for each of the dependable variables with each independent variable. The emotional intelligence factors self-awareness, empathy and social skills are statistically significant and influencing the psychological well-being of B-school students. There were no statistically significant gender differences observed, however, the age is statistically significant and influencing, psychological well-being factors, purpose of life, personal relations with others and autonomy (p<0.05). The multivariate statistic Partial Eta Squared with a multivariate variance of the dependent variables and associated group factors are reported. The findings of this study indicate a statistically significant positive association between and psychological well-being, suggesting that emotional intelligence is a predictor of psychological well-being among B-school students round Hyderabad Metro.

Passion for Studying and Emotions

Background: Passion for studying and emotion regulation characteristics are important factors for students’ academic functioning. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between passion for studying and emotion regulation, and to identify and describe students’ functioning profiles by establishing which patterns of harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP), as well as emotion regulation characteristics might characterize these profiles. Methods: The study involved 272 students, who completed measures of passion and emotional variables. Conclusions: The results showed that HP was positively related to more adaptive emotion regulation strategies, whereas OP was positively associated with less adaptive ones. Three profiles were distinguished: (1) with the lowest HP scores and high OP ones obtaining the least adaptive emotion regulation characteristics (with a prevalence of 35% in students), (2) with the highest HP and high OP scores possessing average emotion regulation characteristics with a predominance of adaptive strategies over maladaptive ones (52%), and (3) with average HP scores and the lowest OP ones having the most adaptive emotion regulation characteristics (13%). Our results suggest that emotional variables (especially negative reactivity, actively approaching, ignoring, and cognitive reappraisal) and HP play the most important role in differentiating students’ functioning.

Attachment orientation and dynamics of negative and positive emotions in daily life

People’s attachment orientation contributes to their emotional experiences. However, the associations between attachment orientation and emotion dynamic features have remained unclear. In this preregistered study, we tested the associations of attachment orientation with baseline level, variability, inertia, and differentiation of emotions using two ecological momentary assessment adult samples (N = 122; N = 127). Attachment anxiety predicted a higher baseline level of negative emotions in both samples and a lower baseline level of positive emotions in one sample. Attachment avoidance predicted a lower baseline level of positive emotions in both samples. After covarying baseline level, no associations of attachment orientation were detected with variability, inertia, and differentiation. Our findings suggest that attachment orientation is associated with baseline level rather than other emotion dynamic features.

How, when, and to what degree do people with alcohol dependence recover their psychological wellbeing and quality of life? The Madrid Recovery Project.

The consensus on recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) has shifted toward encompassing psychological wellbeing and quality of life dimensions. However, few studies have explored the long-term recovery process and its dimensions, timing, styles, and modes. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent, timing, and process of psychological wellbeing and quality of life recovery in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, as well as the relationship with classic dimensions of AUD recovery. A cross-sectional study has been carried out with 348 participants with AUD, in different abstinence periods (1 month-28 years), and 171 control subjects. Participants underwent a psychological evaluation, which included self-informed measures of psychological wellbeing, quality of life, negative emotionality, and coping strategies related to alcohol consumption avoidance. Statistical analysis included linear and non-linear regression models between psychological dimensions and maintenance of abstinence, as well as matching the scores of the sample with AUD to those of controls. Scatter plots were used to explore inflection points. In addition, mean comparison tests were performed between participants with AUD and controls and by gender. In general, according to the regression models, there were pronounced increases in indices of wellbeing and coping strategies (and pronounced decreases in negative emotionality) during the first 5 years of abstinence, followed by less pronounced improvements. The matching of AUD subjects in wellbeing and negative emotionality indices with controls occurs at different times: (a) 1 year or less: physical health; (b) 1-4 years: psychological health; (c) 4-10 years: social relationships, wellbeing, and negative emotionality; and (d) more than 10 years: autonomy and self-acceptance. There are statistically significant differences by gender for the negative emotionality and physical health variables. Recovery from AUD is a long process that involves improvements in wellbeing and quality of life. Four stages can be described in this process, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the first 5 years of abstinence. However, AUD patients take more time to obtain similar scores to controls in several psychological dimensions.

Testing the cognitive function model of patients with bipolar disorder in relation to traumatic experiences in childhood by the mediating role of affective lability emotion and expressed emotion

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that the severity of alterations in cognitive functions in people with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder are directly related to the deterioration in overall functioning and life quality. Aim: The present study aimed to test the cognitive functional model of patients with bipolar disorder regarding childhood traumatic experiences based on the mediating role of emotional instability and expressed emotion. Method: The research method is descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The sample population included all patients with bipolar disorder who were admitted to Yahyanejad hospital in Babol, Iran during 17 months (from March/April 2010 until mid-September 2020). In total, 379 subjects were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) by Bernstein and Fink (1998), the Emotional Instability Scale by Oliver and Simpson (2004), the Expressed Emotion Level by Hall & et al. (2007), and the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire by Nejati (2013). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS version 24 and Lisrel version 8.8. Results: The findings showed that childhood traumatic experiences directly affect emotional instability, expressed emotion, and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder (P<0.5). Further, emotional instability and expressed emotion play a mediating role in the correlation between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder (P<0.5). Conclusion: According to the results, emotional instability and expressed emotion have a mediating role in the correlation between childhood traumatic experiences and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, in order to improve the cognitive function of people with bipolar disorder, instrumented variables of stability and emotion should be taken into consideration.

Are All Child-to-Parent Violence Profiles Associated with Exposure to Family Violence? Findings from a Sample of Spanish Adolescents.

Exposure to family violence (EFV) is proposed as a relevant antecedent of child-to-parent violence (CPV). However, both previous research and practitioner experience suggest that not all cases of CPV involve EFV. This study aimed to identify profiles of adolescents according to their degree of involvement in CPV and their EFV. A sample of 1647 adolescents (mean age = 14.30, SD = 1.21; 50.5% boys) completed measures of CPV, witnessing family violence, victimization by parents, permissive parenting, parental warmth, and several measures of cognitive and emotional characteristics. Latent profile analyses based on measures of CPV and family characteristics supported a four-profile solution. Profile 1 (82.2%) consisted of adolescents with very low scores on both CPV and exposure to family violence. Profile 2 (6.2%) was characterized by medium scores on psychological CPV and high EFV. Profile 3 (9.7%) was characterized by severe psychological CPV and very low EFV. Profile 4 (1.9%) included adolescents with the highest scores on CPV, including physical violence, and high EFV. These profiles were found to differ from each other according to several cognitive and emotional variables of the adolescents. Therefore, not all CPV profiles were associated with a history of EFV. The obtained profiles have implications for interventions.

Parent and adolescent emotional variability and adolescent psychopathology.

Emotional variability has been posited as a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether parent emotional variability may also function as a risk factor that heightens adolescent mental health problems. To fill this gap, the present study examined whether parent and adolescent emotional variability in both positive emotion (PE) and negative emotion (NE) is associated with adolescent psychopathology and potential sex differences in these associations. Participants were 147 adolescents and their parents in Taiwan who completed a baseline assessment, a 10-day daily diary study, and a 3-month follow-up assessment. The results indicated that parent NE variability was associated with risk for adolescent internalizing problems and depressive symptoms, after accounting for baseline levels, adolescent NE variability, parent internalizing problems, and mean levels of parent and adolescent NE. Adolescent PE variability was also associated with the risk for adolescent externalizing problems. Furthermore, higher parent PE variability was associated with more internalizing problems only for female but not male adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of assessing emotion dynamics in both parents and adolescents to better understand the development of adolescent psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence And Work Experience On Job Satisfaction

This research was conducted on Non-Manager employees of PT. Pertamina Training and Consulting, in which all employees must be able to work as a team so that the set organizational goals are achieved. When employees have weak emotional intelligence, their job performance can be affected and affect job satisfaction. The more years of service an employee has, the greater his work experience so that it affects his ability and job satisfaction. This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and work experience on job satisfaction. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire method and field research. There are 266 non-manager employees in the company, where the number of research samples as respondents is 165 people using the convenience sampling technique and the slovin formula. Data analysis techniques used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of the study through the F test show that emotional intelligence and work experience have a significant effect on job satisfaction. On the other hand, through the t test the results show that the emotional intelligence variable has no significant effect on job satisfaction, while the work experience variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction. However, based on the description data, the main respondents are male aged 21-30 years, with 1-5 years of work experience, and the majority of them have bachelor degree education, who are typically energetic and need a challenge so it takes time to assess deeply about job satisfaction from side of work challenges, promotions, support from colleagues, and superiors. That is the possibility why emotional intelligence has no significant effect on job satisfaction.

The Effect Of Emotional Intelligence And Work Experience On Job Satisfaction

This research was conducted on Non-Manager employees of PT. Pertamina Training and Consulting, in which all employees must be able to work as a team so that the set organizational goals are achieved. When employees have weak emotional intelligence, their job performance can be affected and affect job satisfaction. The more years of service an employee has, the greater his work experience so that it affects his ability and job satisfaction. This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and work experience on job satisfaction. This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire method and field research. There are 266 non-manager employees in the company, where the number of research samples as respondents is 165 people using the convenience sampling technique and the slovin formula. Data analysis techniques used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of the study through the F test show that emotional intelligence and work experience have a significant effect on job satisfaction. On the other hand, through the t test the results show that the emotional intelligence variable has no significant effect on job satisfaction, while the work experience variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction. However, based on the description data, the main respondents are male aged 21-30 years, with 1-5 years of work experience, and the majority of them have bachelor degree education, who are typically energetic and need a challenge so it takes time to assess deeply about job satisfaction from side of work challenges, promotions, support from colleagues, and superiors. That is the possibility why emotional intelligence has no significant effect on job satisfaction.

Emotional (in)stability: Neuroticism is associated with increased variability in negative emotion after all

The personality trait neuroticism is tightly linked to mental health, and neurotic people experience stronger negative emotions in everyday life. But, do their negative emotions also show greater fluctuation? This commonsensical notion was recently questioned by [Kalokerinos et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 15838-15843 (2020)], who suggested that the associations found in previous studies were spurious. Less neurotic people often report very low levels of negative emotion, which is usually measured with bounded rating scales. Therefore, they often pick the lowest possible response option, which severely constrains the amount of emotional variability that can be observed in principle. Applying a multistep statistical procedure that is supposed to correct for this dependency, [Kalokerinos et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 15838-15843 (2020)] no longer found an association between neuroticism and emotional variability. However, like other common approaches for controlling for undesirable effects due to bounded scales, this method is opaque with respect to the assumed mechanism of data generation and might not result in a successful correction. We thus suggest an alternative approach that a) takes into account that emotional states outside of the scale bounds can occur and b) models associations between neuroticism and both the mean and variability of emotion in a single step with the help of Bayesian censored location-scale models. Simulations supported this model over alternative approaches. We analyzed 13 longitudinal datasets (2,518 individuals and 11,170 measurements in total) and found clear evidence that more neurotic people experience greater variability in negative emotion.

Non-Existent “Liuchuan”—Review of “The Long Confession”

Following the two works “A Quiet Dream” (2016) and “Fukuoka” (2019), Director Zhang Lu once again interpreted a new “three-person” story in “The Long Confession” (2021). This article, based on Foucault’s “heterotopia” theory, analyzes Director Zhang Lu’s work from three dimensions: “the cross regional nature of fragmented memory, the fluidity of emotional rivers, and the polysemy of character language.” The aim is to observe and explore the director’s profound thinking on memory, emotions, language, and image itself, as well as the complexity, variability, and captivating beauty of human emotions.

Mining the emotional information in the audio of earnings conference calls : A deep learning approach for sentiment analysis of securities analysts' follow-up behavior

In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach to extract emotional information from the audio of earnings conference calls and empirically examine the influences of these emotional variables on securities analysts' follow-up behavior. Our findings suggest that, in the statement section, positive emotional information tended to positively influence the analysts' willingness to issue rating reports, while the inverse was true for negative emotional information; non-negative emotional information in the question section had a positive influence, while negative emotional information in the response section had a negative influence. Secondly, for the specific rating of the issued reports, negative emotional information in the response section tended to result in a lower rating, and neutral emotional information might also have caused a lower rating. Thirdly, in terms of rating adjustments, non-negative emotional information in the question section tended to cause an upgrade revision, while the inverse was true for the negative emotional information in this section. Positive emotional information in the response section also caused an upgrade revision. The approach we proposed provides new insight for understanding analysts' follow-up behavior and offers practical implications for analysts, management, investors, and regulators.

A multi-method study of the emotional mechanism linking seaside destination attributes and tourists’ revisit intention

ABSTRACT The advent of the post-pandemic era has increased the emotional rewards destinations need to provide. However, the psychological process of generating tourists’ revisit intention remains unclear in research on destination attributes and revisit intention. Existing research has many drawbacks, suggesting important research gaps, including using generalized mediating variables, focusing on conventional tourism scenarios, and overreliance on regression-based techniques. This study fills the gaps using multiple methods (qualitative and quantitative methods and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) to examine the linkage between seaside destination attributes and tourists’ revisit intentions using Sanya, China, as a case study. The innovations of this study include the detailed emotional path of tourists’ revisit intention, the use of multiple methods, and the identification of the critical emotional variable. Managerial implications about marketing and service entry point are also provided.

A Research of the Historiographical Approach to the Cuban Missile Crisis: Exploring the Impact of Irrational Factors on the Peaceful Ending

With the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022, a new nuclear crisis and violent geopolitical shocks seem to be looming worldwide. At this juncture, reviewing the historical lesson of the Cuban missile crisis appears imperative. The previous studies investigated the causes of the peaceful end of the Cuban missile crisis, but downplaying the role of irrational factors. Based on the analysis of relevant research approaches, numerous primary sources and case study, this paper is bent on the role of irrational factors including emotional variables, contingency and uncontrollable agents during this crisis. The result of this research reveals that irrational factors played a significant role in the peaceful resolution of the Cuban missile crisis. The favorable development of some irrational factors (e.g., the choice of frontline soldiers in the Soviet submarine incident) due to fortunate or contingency even became crucial in preventing this crisis from degenerating into a nuclear war. This paper can expand the scope of the studies of the Cuban Missile Crisis and provide guidance for preventing nuclear war and instability in the present era. Hence, it is of theoretical and practical value.

Subjective Wellbeing among High School Students: A Research on the Role of Emotional and Social Support

The government's policy regarding the resumption of face-to-face schooling requires students to adapt to a new learning system. The situation faced by students will impact their psychological state, including their subjective well-being. Several factors predicted to play a role in subjective well-being are emotional maturity and social support. This research aims to investigate the role of emotional maturity and social support in subjective well-being among high school students in Karawang. The method used is a quantitative method by distributing an online questionnaire using Google Forms. The scales used were the Subjective Well-being Scale, Emotional Maturity Scale, and Social Support Scale. The research participants consisted of 287 respondents from grades X, XI, and XII who had undergone face-to-face learning after the government-imposed activity restrictions. The results of the data analysis using multiple linear regression techniques showed an F-value of 27.762 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, indicating that the hypothesis in this research is accepted. This means that the emotional maturity and social support variables, together, have an influence on subjective well-being.

Causal Beliefs About and Perceptions of Illness in Persons Experiencing Schizophrenia and in Close Relatives of Such Individuals: An Exploratory Study.

The cause to which persons experiencing schizophrenia attribute their illness influences emotional and adjustment variables. This is also true for close relatives (CRs), who are important players in the affected individual's environment and whose mood can influence the person's day-to-day life or treatment adherence. Recent literature has highlighted a need to further explore the impact of causal beliefs on different aspects of recovery as well as on stigma. The objective of this study was to explore causal beliefs about the illness and their relationship to other illness perceptions and stigma among persons experiencing schizophrenia and their CRs. Twenty French individuals experiencing schizophrenia and 27 CRs of individuals with schizophrenia answered the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, which investigates probable causes of an illness and other illness perceptions, and the Stigma Scale. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information about diagnosis, treatment, and access to psychoeducation. The individuals with schizophrenia identified fewer causal attributions than the CRs. They were more likely to endorse psychosocial stress and family environment as probable causes, while CRs mostly favored genetic explanations. We found significant relationships between causal attributions and most negative perceptions of the illness, including components of stigma, in both samples. Among CRs, having received family psychoeducation was strongly correlated with viewing substance abuse as a probable cause. Relationships between causal beliefs about illness and perceptions of illness both in individuals experiencing schizophrenia and in CRs of such individuals should be explored further with harmonized and detailed tools. Assessing causal beliefs about schizophrenia as a framework for psychiatric clinical practice could prove useful for all those involved in the recovery process.

Models of Intellectual Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and Emphasizing the Role of Auditor Performance with Spiritual Intelligence as Moderating Variables (Empirical Study of Inspectorate of Riau Province)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence and role stress on auditor performance by using emotional intelligence as a moderator variable (an empirical study at the Inspectorate of Riau Province). All auditors from inspection agencies in Riau Province participated in this study. The sample for data analysis was selected by convenience sampling, so that the number of samples filled in the questionnaire was 68 respondents. The data analysis method uses the partial least square method with the structural equation model method which examines the influence of intelligence, emotional intelligence and role variables on auditor performance. The results of the study show that the intellectual intelligence variable has a positive and significant effect on performance; Emotional intelligence variable has no effect on auditor performance and role stress has no effect on auditor performance. Spiritual intelligence moderates the effect of intellectual intelligence on auditor performance. And spiritual intelligence cannot moderate the influence of emotional intelligence and role pressure on auditor performance