Emotional Recovery Research Articles

“I Am Not the Same as I Was Before”: A Qualitative Analysis of COVID-19 Survivors

BackgroundLittle is known about the illness experience of patients’ long-term emotional and physical recovery from severe COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to expand upon the recovery process of COVID-19 survivors up to 6 months after hospital discharge.MethodsQualitative analysis of free-response answers from a cohort study of 152 patients ≥ 18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 surveyed at 1-month post hospital discharge and 6-months post hospital discharge. Responses were analyzed with a grounded theory approach to identify overarching themes.ResultsParticipants described persistent complications, both physical and mental, that have affected their recovery from COVID-19. Five overarching themes of post-acute patient experiences were generated: (1) an increased awareness of a mind and body connection, (2) feelings of premature aging, (3) an overall decline in quality of life, (4) a continued fear of infection, and (5) methods of coping.ConclusionsPatients described lasting changes to their mental health and overall quality of life in connection to physical complications after severe COVID-19 infection. Patients’ reports of their experience call for a greater awareness of the psychological aspects of COVID-19 recovery to provide both physical and psychological rehabilitation services. Additional resources such as education around re-infection and financial resources are needed.

Psychological Effects of Green Experiences in a Virtual Environment: A Systematic Review

As mental health issues increase worldwide, nature-based experiences are being recognized as alternative treatments for improving health and well-being. Increasing urbanization precludes many people from accessing green spaces owing to time or physical limitations. Therefore, opportunities to connect with nature through virtual technology is being encouraged. We conducted a systematic review of studies on the psychological effects of experiencing nature using virtual technology. We searched the academic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for relevant studies and assessed their quality using Cochrane’s RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Twenty-one studies were included and the psychological outcomes were negatively synthesized by the intervention characteristics (duration, observation position of the landscape, interaction, environment description, and sensory type). Psychological outcomes were classified into emotional recovery, cognitive recovery, stress reduction, and other indicators. Emotional recovery was most consistently presented, and virtual natural contact alleviated negative emotions more than it elicited positive emotions. Additionally, virtual nature interventions lasting more than 10 min showed more consistent effects than those of less than 10 min. Moreover, an open field of view led to significant emotional recovery and an in-forest view led to significant cognitive recovery. Despite some limitations, our findings will contribute to the development of virtual forest experiences to improve human well-being.

The effect of foreground and background of soundscape sequence on emotion in urban open spaces

This paper discusses the influence of the soundscape sequence of different urban open spaces on emotion. Thirty participants with normal hearing were selected to listen to forty-two different acoustic sequences and report their emotional changes during the process. The data were analysed in four stages, and the results are as follows: First, emotional response highly correlates with background type. Only when the foreground is negative does it relate to the foreground type. Second, the positive foreground in the early part of a sequence, or the neutral (or negative) foreground in the later part of a sequence, induces a better emotional experience. Third, in an acoustic sequence, emotion changes along with a change in the foreground. The appearance of the foreground triggers emotional fluctuations, and the end of the foreground is followed by emotional recovery. Finally, combining foregrounds can aid in regulating negative emotions. This effect is related to the position of the positive foreground and background type. We offer suggestions on the design of urban soundscape from the perspective of emotion based on the findings.

Service failure research in the hospitality and tourism industry: a synopsis of past, present and future dynamics from 2001 to 2020

PurposeWhen service failure occurs, it leads to dissatisfaction, lack of trust and avoidance behaviour among customers, and it can also be seen as a threat to the survival of the business. This paper aims to investigate the current and potential dynamics of service failure research within the tourism and hospitality area.Design/methodology/approachBy adopting qualitative, quantitative (citation and text mining) and science-mapping tools (descriptive, conceptual and intellectual), this study analyses 99 key papers on service failure in 18 major hospitality and tourism journals over a 20-year span.FindingsThe research on service recovery strategies, recovery efforts, pre- and post-failure and post-recovery in the service encounter and the impacts of justice on post-recovery and post-complaint behaviour are identified as the major streams of service failure research. While emotional labour, rumination and satisfaction recovery were identified as emerging themes, service failure perceptions and social media were found as the developed and substantial trends.Practical implicationsThis study presents a comprehensive understanding of service failure research development in the hospitality and tourism industry. This study propose three areas – circumstantial cues, interactional cues and crisis management – that practitioners need to understand to minimise service failure during the service interaction.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior bibliometric study has investigated the current and future dynamics of service failure in the hospitality and tourism industry and offered a research agenda based on this gap in the literature.

A qualitative exploration of the clinical presentation, trajectory, management and recovery of COVID-19 in older people: Learning from frontline staff experiences.

COVID‐19 had a devastating impact on older people living in care homes. This study explored the clinical trajectory and management of COVID‐19, as well as recovery of older people following infection during the early stages of the pandemic (May to August 2020). A two‐phase exploratory qualitative study was used. Frontline staff with experience of caring for older people with COVID‐19 were recruited to Phase 1, and senior care home operational and quality managers were recruited to Phase 2. During Phase 1 remote semi‐structured interviews (n = 35) were carried out with staff working in care homes, hospital and community settings in England. During Phase 2, a remote consultation event was carried out with senior care home operational and quality managers (n = 11) to share Phase 1 findings and check resonance, relevance and gaps. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Older people with COVID‐19 presented with wide ranging symptoms, and an unpredictable illness trajectory. The wide range of COVID‐19 symptoms required timely testing and supportive interventions. Staff used different interventions to manage symptoms and reported uncertainties of how individuals would respond. In care home settings, health and social care staff needed to work together when administering interventions such as subcutaneous fluids or oxygen therapy. Alongside symptom management, supportive care focused on nutrition and hydration, social interaction, and maintaining physical activity to meet both physical and emotional needs. The effects of prolonged periods of social isolation and inactivity on the health and well‐being of older people means rehabilitation is essential to enhance physical and emotional recovery, and to minimise impacts on cognition and function. The pandemic highlighted important areas for care of this population.

A-42 Emotional Health and Recovery in Adolescent and Young Adult Athletes Who Experienced a Sports-Related Concussion

Abstract Purpose: This quantitative study explored the relation between mood and recovery time in. athletes with sports-related concussion. Methods: Deidentified data were extracted from an existing database of an outpatient concussion clinic. Subjects (n = 89; 39.3% female; mean age = 15.57) were included if they were ages 13 to 25, sustained concussion while participating in sport, were assessed within 10 days of injury, and had no evidence of structural brain injury. Total scores from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were predictor variables. Recovery time was defined as time from injury to return-to-play. Results: Mean recovery time was consistent with prior research (24.41 days, SD = 16.36). Anxiety and depression total scores considered together predicted recovery time (multiple linear regression; F(2,86) = 8.84, p < 0.001). Anxiety did not predict recovery time when controlling for depression. Depression (mean total = 3.78, SD = 3.41) predicted recovery time when controlling for anxiety, (standardized ß = 0.44, t = 3.34, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 are easy-to-use mood screening instruments that do not require a considerable amount of time to administer. Higher scores on the PHQ-9 and the combination of both instruments when administered within 10 days of injury were related to longer recovery times in athletes. For every 3.41 points that the total PHQ-9 score increased, recovery time increased by approximately 7 days. This underscores the importance of examining mood state as part of a comprehensive assessment after sport-related concussion.

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NEW MODEL OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IDENTITY AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NEW MODEL OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IDENTITY AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION

Parental psychosocial needs in Brazilian paediatric intensive care units

BackgroundHaving children admitted in the intensive care unit is a demanding experience for parents. They encounter several difficulties during this process, and it is important to properly identify their psychosocial needs for the health team to address appropriately. ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to identify the psychosocial needs encountered by parents of children in pediatric intensive care units in Brazil. MethodsA descriptive study with a qualitative approach was used to increase understanding of psychosocial experiences of parents. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 parents of hospitalized children in pediatric intensive care units in Brazil. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The university ethics review committee approved the research protocol. All parents were informed on study details and provided written consent prior to the interview. ResultsFour themes were constructed: 1) Support from family and peers; 2) Support from the healthcare team; 3) Parental role; and 4) Emotional recovery. Parents expressed diverse psychosocial needs based on family and peer social support, child's clinical condition, as well as the structure, norms, and routines of health care teams during hospitalization. ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of nursing assessment of psychosocial experiences encountered by parents of children in pediatric intensive care units, which will guide planning of individualized interventions and to increase family-centered care in pediatric intensive care units.

Stratified changes in emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a longitudinal survey of residents in Hubei province, China

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on individuals' emotional wellbeing and mental health. However, little research has examined emotional resilience during the pandemic. This study investigated the changes in emotional distress among residents in Hubei, the epicenter of the pandemic in China during the early stage of the pandemic, and we examined the sociodemographic differences in their emotional recovery. MethodsWe undertook a two-wave panel survey of 3816 residents aged ≥18 in Hubei, China. The baseline survey was conducted during early February 2020, the peak of the outbreak. The follow-up survey was carried out when the pandemic was mainly under control. The data enabled us to investigate the within-person changes in COVID-19-related negative emotions. Mixed-effect regression models with a random effect for participants were used to accommodate repeated measures. ResultsRespondents reported high levels of emotional distress at the peak of the pandemic and experienced a decline in emotional distress when the pandemic was under control. Moreover, respondents aged 35–49, with a college education or above, were employed, and having better self-rated health experienced a more substantial decrease in negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionThis study identified vulnerable populations who may experience prolonged emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results suggest that respondents who aged over 50, with no college education, were not employed, and with worse self-rated health were less resilient during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Interleukin-10 deficiency aggravates traumatic brain injury in male but not female mice

The goal of this study was to determine whether deficiency of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) affects traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes in a sex-dependent manner. Moderate TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact in 8-10 week-old wild-type and IL-10–deficient mice. In wild-type mice, serum IL-10 was significantly increased after TBI in males but not in females. At 4–5 weeks after TBI, sensorimotor function, cognitive function (Y-maze and novel object recognition tests), anxiety-related behavior (light-dark box and open field test), and depression-like behavior (forced swim test) were assessed. IL-10–deficient male mice had larger lesion volumes than did wild-type mice in the early recovery phase and worse performance on sensorimotor tasks, cognitive tests, and anxiety- and depression-related tests in the late recovery phase, whereas female IL-10–deficient mice had lesion volume equivalent to that of wild-type females and worse performance only on sensorimotor tasks. At 3 days after TBI, the number of GFAP- and Iba1-positive cells were augmented in areas in proximity to the injury (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) and in remote functional regions (striatum and amygdala) of IL-10–deficient male, but not female, mice. Moreover, on day 35, significantly fewer NeuN-positive cells were present in cortex, striatum, and amygdala of IL-10–deficient male mice than in wild-type males. This difference was not evident in females. We conclude that IL-10 deficiency aggravates cognitive and emotional recovery from TBI in association with enhanced gliosis and neuronal loss selectively in males, suggesting that recruitment of this cytokine limits damage in a sex-dependent manner.

0228 Using Blue Light Therapy to Facilitate Recovery of Sleep and Psychological Functioning in PTSD

Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are often described as the “hallmark symptoms” of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with PTSD show numerous disruptions of emotional functioning. Experimental evidence has shown that the ability to retain extinction memories following fear conditioning is impaired in people with PTSD. Because of the key role of sleep in memory consolidation and emotional regulation, we hypothesized that regulating sleep and circadian rhythms with morning blue-wavelength light therapy would facilitate emotional recovery and the ability to retain extinction memories. Methods Eighty-four individuals with PTSD (56 female; Age=31.38, SD=8.9) underwent a well-validated fear conditioning and extinction protocol and were then randomly assigned to receive either 6-weeks of BLUE (469 nm; n=44) or placebo AMBER (578 nm; n=40) morning light therapy for 30-minutes daily. Participants returned to undergo post-treatment extinction recall when exposed to the same previously conditioned stimuli, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the same images were presented. Participants also completed a variety of emotional and mental health outcome measures and wore an actigraph to measure sleep over the 6-weeks. Results There was a significant interaction between light condition and time in bed and total sleep time (p<.05) indicating significant increases in sleep with blue versus amber light over treatment. Additionally, declines in symptoms of PTSD on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) correlated with improvements in sleep for the blue, but not the amber light, group (all p-values <.05). During the fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, blue light was associated with significantly greater extinction recall compared to the amber light condition (p=.05). Finally, blue light resulted in decreased fMRI activation within the right amygdala and increased activation within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the previously feared and extinguished stimuli. Conclusion Blue light treatment was more effective than amber placebo at increasing sleep quantity, shifting circadian bedtime, reducing PTSD symptom severity, facilitating the retention of extinction memories, and reducing neural fear responses to previously feared stimuli. We suggest that improvements in sleep led to greater consolidation of extinction memories. These findings suggest that blue light treatment may facilitate treatment gains by improving sleep. Support (If Any)

Caregivers' and Young Children's Emotional Health Needs After Pediatric Traumatic Injury.

Pediatric traumatic injury (PTI) is associated with emotional health difficulties, but most US trauma centers do not adequately address emotional recovery needs. This study aimed to assess families' emotional health needs following PTI and determine how technology could be used to inform early interventions. Individual semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with caregivers of children admitted to a Level I trauma center in the Southeastern United States to understand families' experiences in-hospital and post-discharge. Participants included 20 caregivers of PTI patients under age 12 (M = 6.4 years; 70% male, 45% motor vehicle collision). Thematic analysis was used to analyze data from interviews that were conducted until saturation. Caregivers reported varying emotional needs in hospital and difficulties adjusting after discharge. Families responded enthusiastically to the potential of a technology-enhanced resource for families affected by PTI. A cost-effective, scalable intervention is needed to promote recovery and has potential for widespread pediatric hospital uptake.

Personalized Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with Left and Right Hemispheric Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

The leading factors of post-stroke disability are motor disorders and cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of the study was to identify and provide a rationale for the variable early cognitive dysfunction in right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute stroke. The study included 80 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. All patients were assessed for cognitive status, depression, fatigue and anxiety. For objectification, the method of evoked potentials (P300) and neuroimaging were used. Our findings revealed distinguishing features of cognitive dysfunction and identified a combination of the most informative markers characteristic of right and left hemispheric damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke. In patients with damage to the left hemisphere, a predominance of dysregulation syndrome (decrease in executive function and attention) was revealed, accompanied by various disorders such as severe anxiety and fatigue. The causes of this cognitive dysfunction may be directly related to stroke (damage to subcortical structures), as well as to a preexisting reduction in higher mental functions associated with age and vascular conditions. Cognitive impairments in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere were characterized by polymorphism and observed in the mental praxis, speech (with predominant semantic component) and abstract thinking domains. They are closely linked to each other and are more related to the lateralization of the lesion and preexisting neurodegeneration than to the localization of the ischemic lesion. The study of P300-evoked potentials is a good tool for confirming cognitive dysfunction. The latent period of the P300 wave is more sensitive to neurodegeneration, while the amplitude factor characterizes vascular pathology to a greater extent. The results of the study provide a rationale for a comprehensive assessment of lateralization, stroke localization, underlying diseases, neurophysiological parameters and identified cognitive impairments when developing a plan of rehabilitation and neuropsychological measures aimed at cognitive and emotional recovery of patients both in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and when selecting further personalized rehabilitation programs.

Emotion regulation and cortisol response to the still-face procedure in preterm and full-term infants

In infancy, stress responses and emotion regulation are often coupled. Both are impacted by prematurity, though their relationship to one another in the case of infants born preterm is not fully understood. We investigated emotion regulation behaviours, cortisol reactivity and recovery and coupling between emotion regulation and cortisol reactivity to and recovery from a stressor in preterm infants. 53 preterm and 67 full-term infants with mean (range) gestational age at birth 29+3 (24+0-31+6) and 39+3 (36+2-42+0) weeks respectively were exposed to a socio-emotional stressor, the still-face (SF) paradigm, at 9 months of age (corrected for prematurity). The duration of negative affect and self-comforting behaviours exhibited in response to the SF, coded from a 10-minute video-taped interaction, were compared between groups. Saliva was collected from a subset (20 preterm, 24 term infants) at three timepoints: pre-SF and 20- and 30-minutes post SF. Cortisol concentrations at each timepoint were compared between groups. Associations between behavioural measures and cortisol concentrations were explored. There was no significant difference in duration of self-comforting behaviour between preterm and term infants. Preterm infants spent a significantly smaller proportion of time in a negative affective state compared to term infants (0.18 vs 0.25 s, p = 0.03). Salivary cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the preterm compared to the term group 30 min post SF (2.85 vs 1.77 nmol/L, p = 0.009), though findings were no longer significant after adjusting for time of day of sampling and socioeconomic deprivation. After controlling for time of day, greater negative affect was correlated with higher cortisol concentration 30 min post SF in the full-term (r = 0.58, p = 0.004) but not the preterm group (r = −0.01, p > 0.05). Our findings suggest altered response to an acute stressor in preterm infants, manifesting as a muted emotional response, and a lack of coupling between endocrine and behavioural stress response. Replication studies in larger samples would help to further understand biological stress repose in preterm infants and its relationship to behaviour, time of day and deprivation.

Nature Ambience in a Lunch Restaurant Has the Potential to Evoke Positive Emotions, Reduce Stress, and Support Healthy Food Choices and Sustainable Behavior: A Field Experiment among Finnish Customers.

Laboratory experiments have indicated that exposure to restorative ambiences in food environments can lead to beneficial outcomes for consumers, but there is little evidence if this positive effect holds true in real-life consumption conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of lunch restaurant ambience on customers’ emotional responses, stress recovery, food choices, and generation of plate waste. The expectation was that ambience inducing positive emotional responses would lead to alleviated stress, healthier food choices, and reduced plate waste. A field experiment with a baseline and two experimental ambiences (‘nature ambience’ to induce positive emotions and ‘fast food ambience’ to induce less positive emotions) including visual and auditory stimuli was conducted in a lunch restaurant for one week per ambience. Emotional responses, and objective and subjective stress were measured from a subgroup of participants (n = 32). Food choices and plate waste were measured for all customers (n = 1610–1805 depending on the study week). During ‘nature ambience’ week, customers more often chose vegetarian dishes and generated less plate waste. The results on emotional responses and stress recovery were partially in line with the expectations. The study provides real-life evidence that restaurant ambience modification could lead to beneficial consequences for customers.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention and Emotional Recovery in Borderline Personality Features: Evidence from Psychophysiological Assessment

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention and Emotional Recovery in Borderline Personality Features: Evidence from Psychophysiological Assessment

Effect of noise sensitivity on psychophysiological response through monoscopic 360 video and stereoscopic sound environment experience: a randomized control trial

Noise sensitivity is a crucial factor affecting subjective psychophysiological responses to the acoustic environment of various indoor and outdoor spaces. This study examines how noise sensitivity or hyperacusis affects the recovery of emotional and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses when experiencing various monoscopic 360 video and stereoscopic sound environments (urban and natural) that represent the actual environment. A total of 60 general participants with mild depression, stress, and anxiety were examined using a survey to investigate individual characteristics, including noise sensitivity, and K-means clustering was used to classify them into sensitivity groups. Emotional and physiological responses were measured using the Korean edition of Profile of Mood States and by assessing heart rate variability, respectively. Overall, the emotional recovery effect was greater in the natural than the urban environment, and the homeostatic mechanism of the ANS was better maintained, thereby increasing stress resistance. Noise sensitivity did not have considerable effect on psychophysiological recovery in the natural environment, but had a significant effect on emotional response in the urban environment. This can be used as basic data in seeking customized emotional recovery for individuals using monoscopic 360 video and stereoscopic sound technology in the future.

Optimism, Daily Stressors, and Emotional Well-Being Over Two Decades in a Cohort of Aging Men.

Growing evidence supports optimism as a health asset, yet how optimism influences well-being and health remains uncertain. We evaluated 1 potential pathway-the association of optimism with daily stress processes-and tested 2 hypotheses. The stressor exposure hypothesis posits that optimism would preserve emotional well-being by limiting exposure to daily stressors. The buffering hypothesis posits that higher optimism would be associated with lower emotional reactivity to daily stressors and more effective emotional recovery from them. Participants were 233 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Revised Optimism-Pessimism scale in 1986/1991 and participated in up to three 8-day daily diary bursts in 2002-2010 (age at first burst: M = 76.7, SD = 6.5). Daily stressor occurrence, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were assessed nightly. We evaluated the hypotheses using multilevel structural equation models. Optimism was unrelated to emotional reactivity to or recovery from daily stressors. Higher optimism was associated with higher average daily PA (B = 2.31, 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 1.24, 3.38) but not NA, independent of stressor exposure. Lower stressor exposure mediated the association of higher optimism with lower daily NA (indirect effect: B = -0.27, 95% BCI: -0.50, -0.09), supporting the stressor exposure hypothesis. Findings from a sample of older men suggest that optimism may be associated with more favorable emotional well-being in later life through differences in stressor exposure rather than emotional stress response. Optimism may preserve emotional well-being among older adults by engaging emotion regulation strategies that occur relatively early in the emotion-generative process.

Throwing in the deep end: athletes, coaches and support staff experiences, perceptions and beliefs of upper limb injuries and training load in elite women’s water polo

To understand elite athlete, coach and support staff experiences, perceptions and beliefs in women’s water polo with managing upper limb injuries and monitoring training loads. Inductive qualitative design. Twenty athletes,...

Individual variation in white matter microstructure is related to better recovery from negative stimuli.

The uncinate fasciculus is a white matter tract that may facilitate emotion regulation by carrying connections from the prefrontal cortex to regions of the temporal lobe, including the amygdala. Depression and anxiety are associated with reduced uncinate fasciculus fractional anisotropy (FA)-a diffusion tensor imaging measure related to white matter integrity. In the current study, we tested whether FA in the uncinate fasciculus is associated with individual differences in emotional recovery measured with corrugator supercilii electromyography in response to negative, neutral, and positive images in 108 participants from the Midlife in the US (MIDUS; http://midus.wisc.edu) Refresher study. Corrugator activity is linearly associated with changes in affect, and differentiated negative, neutral, and positive emotional responses. Higher uncinate fasciculus FA was associated with lower corrugator activity 4-8 seconds after negative image offset, indicative of better recovery from negative provocation. In an exploratory analysis, we found a similar association for the inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal and superior longitudinal fasciculi. These results suggest that the microstructural features of the uncinate fasciculus, and these other association white matter fibers, may support emotion regulatory processes with greater white matter integrity facilitating healthier affective functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).