Emotion-focused Coping Styles Research Articles

Well-being in parents of children with cancer: The impact of parental personality, coping, and the child's quality of life.

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of parental personality, coping, and the child's quality of life on the well-being of parents of children treated for cancer. The study included 99 parents (63 mothers and 36 fathers), 41 parents during child's intensive treatment, 23 parents whose child completed intensive treatment, and 25 parents of children who completed treatment at least five years ago. The results of multivariate study have confirmed the predictive role of parental personality (especially Neuroticism); emotion-focused coping styles, and the child's quality of life (especially physical functioning) on parental well-being. About 60% of the variance in parental well-being can be attributed to the predictors. Assessing parental personality functioning and coping styles can help us identify those parents who are less emotionally stable, more prone to emotionally focused coping styles, and most likely to experience poorer well-being. Improved assessment may contribute to the development of further psychological interventions.

The Development and Effectiveness of a Clinical Training Violence Prevention Program for Nursing Students.

The study aimed to develop and evaluate a violence prevention program for nursing students to improve communication self-efficacy, problem-focused coping style, emotion-focused coping style, and the ability to cope with violence. Using an eight-session violence prevention program, the study was designed as quasi experimental, with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessment with a nonequivalent control group. Nursing students from the fourth year of a university were selected as participants; 22 students were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. Data analysis included Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Levene’s Test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed that the experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores for the problem-focused coping style (F = 20.77, p < 0.001), intra-individual and interaction effects for the emotion-focused coping style (F = 12.03, p < 0.001), and the ability to cope with violence (U = 70, p < 0.001) than the control group. Thus, the workplace violence prevention program was effective for nursing students.

The relationship between positive·negative emotion, emotion-focused coping style and emotional eating behavior

The relationship between positive·negative emotion, emotion-focused coping style and emotional eating behavior

Post-traumatic growth among Syrian refugees in Turkey: the role of coping strategies and religiosity

As the 9th year of the Syrian Civil War rages on, this paper explores the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Syrian refugees in Turkey, with the aim of determining the role of coping styles in this community that displays increasing PTG levels, while controlling for the religiosity factor. 805 Syrian refugees completed self-reported surveys which measured trauma exposure, PTSD, PTG, coping styles, religiosity, and other demographics. PTSD scores revealed high clinical concern for 83% of the study population, with moderate levels of concurrent PTG. When compared with emotion-focused coping styles, utilising problem-focused coping mechanisms (PFCs) predicted greater PTG. Besides PFCs, the intensity of intrusion symptoms, level of exposure to pre-war traumatic experiences, and strength of religiosity also provided predictive power of the model; determining the direction of PTG. Results indicate the importance of coping styles as -predictors of PTG. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the contexts of religiosity, turning to religion as a coping mechanism, and active coping strategies in advancing our understanding of what PTG really entails. The reported rates pose concern and must be considered within the response of host countries’ immigration policies.

Impulsivity traits and Facebook addiction in young people and the potential mediating role of coping styles

Impulsivity traits are important predictors of substance use problems and behavioural addictions such as online gaming. However, little is known about to what extent the two related neuropsychological systems of rash impulsiveness and reward drive contribute to Facebook addiction, or the mechanisms of impulsivity risk. The aim of this study was to examine the role of emotion-focused and avoidance coping as potential mediators of the link between rash impulsiveness and Facebook addiction, while controlling for reward drive. Participants (N = 244) were young people aged 18–25 years recruited from the first-year undergraduate research participant pool and via convenience sampling which involved the first author sharing the study on his Facebook page. Participants completed online, validated measures of Facebook addiction, emotion-focused and avoidant coping styles, rash impulsiveness and reward drive. Results showed that when controlling for reward drive, emotion-focused coping mediated the association between rash impulsiveness and Facebook addiction. Results also showed that rash impulsiveness but not reward drive was directly associated with Facebook addiction. These findings have implications for designing targeted cognitive behavioural treatments that consider biologically-based personality factors such as rash impulsiveness and cognitive factors such as emotion-focused coping to reduce harmful levels of Facebook addiction.

Association between habitual use of coping strategies and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a non-clinical sample of college students: A Bayesian approach.

The present study investigated the influences of coping styles on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among a sample of non-clinical college students who were exposed to traumatic events. Ninety-nine college students participated in the study. However, the sample used in the analyses consisted of only 37 participants who fulfilled the DSM-IV criterion A for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. The PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Brief COPE were used to assess the participants’ PTSS and habitual use of coping strategies, respectively. Bayesian and frequentist correlations showed that emotion-focused coping style was negatively associated with PTSS, while dysfunctional coping style was positively related to PTSS. In the subsequent linear regression on both statistical framework, dysfunctional coping was the only consistent variable predicting more PTSD symptoms. The findings presented here show that lower use of adaptive coping (emotion-focused) and higher use of dysfunctional coping styles on a daily basis are associated to PTSS severity in a non-clinical sample of college students. According to the Bayesian approach, which permits more generalization of data, dysfunctional coping style is determinant to higher levels of PTSS. These findings add new data to the body of research that highlight the critical role of distinct coping strategies in the severity of PTSS.

Does Adolescent Anxiety Moderate the Relationship between Adolescent–Parent Communication and Adolescent Coping?

Parent-adolescent relationships support the development of adolescent coping styles, but this support may be impacted by parent and adolescent gender, as well as by the presence of anxiety symptoms. This study examined the moderating role of adolescent anxiety symptoms for the longitudinal relationship between adolescent–parent communication with mothers and fathers and adolescent coping styles. Surveys were administered to 1034 high school students (Mage = 16.16, SD = 0.75; 55% girls; 58% White) in the spring of 2007 (T1) and spring of 2008 (T2). Results indicated that adolescent–mother communication positively predicted the development of coping styles, particularly for boys’ emotion-focused coping styles. In contrast, adolescent–father communication negatively predicted some emotion-focused coping styles for boys, including venting coping, emotional social support seeking coping, and religious coping. Adolescent–father communication did not predict any coping styles for girls. Anxiety moderated relationships, such that adolescent–mother communication positively predicted the development of girls’ and boys’ coping styles only in the context of low anxiety symptoms. For boys, adolescent–father communication predicted more venting coping and religious coping when adolescent anxiety symptoms were high. These findings point to complex gender differences in the social development of adolescent coping styles, and these findings underscore the need to examine parent and adolescent gender differences.

Weight-Related Teasing, Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem in Obese University Students

The current study aimed to examine the relationship between weight-based teasing, coping strategies and self-esteem among obese university students. A total of 60 obese university students (Males=30, Females=30) of the age group 17 to 26 years (M= 21.52, SD= 2.24) were chosen from different universities of Lahore. The measures used in the current study were Body Mass Index (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013), Perception of Teasing Scale (Thompson, Cattarin, Fowler &amp; Fisher, 1995), Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Questionnaire (Carver, Scheier &amp; Weintraub, 1989) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The findings revealed no significant gender differences in the use of problem focused and emotion focused coping styles. The results also revealed that 70% of the overweight/obese students were living a sedentary life style while 30% of the participants were engaged in taking a properly balanced diet along with exercise. 60% of the students were overweight due to the excessive eating, no physical activity or excessive sleeping. The results also showed that there was a significant positive relationship between perception of teasing and self-esteem and perception of teasing was a strong predictor of self-esteem among obese university students.

How to Make an Industry Sustainable during an Industry Product Harm Crisis: The Role of a Consumer’s Sense of Control

Product harm crisis involving multiple products increasingly leads to an industry crisis. Yet previous researches have usually focused on the effectiveness of repair strategies under a single-company product harm crisis. Moreover, less is known about the effectiveness of repair strategies under an industry product harm crisis. This paper explores how firms should respond to an industry product harm crisis to make the industry sustainable. We used experimental methodology to examine the above effects. Across three experiments, this research finds that a consumer’s sense of control is a key variable that is found to mediate the effectiveness of a firm’s repair strategy. Results show that in general functional and informational repair strategies are more effective in restoring a consumer’s sense of control when compared with an affective repair strategy. The more control consumers feel they have, the higher their brand attitudes, and the more positive they rate a firm’s response appropriateness for an industry product harm crisis. However, for consumers who score high on an emotion-focused coping style, an affective repair strategy is more effective. The findings generate practical suggestions for firms in an industry product harm crisis to restore consumers’ sense of control to keep industry sustainability.

간호대학생의 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향요인

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing adjustment to college life by nursing students. Methods: The participants were 260 nursing students. Data were collected from May to July in 2015. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson s correlational coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. &#x0D; Results: The mean scores of adjustment to college life (60.36±9.53), clinical practice stress (69.15± 12.28), employment stress (51.03±14.74), stress coping style (62.05±9.39), major satisfaction (6.34±1.74), satisfaction with college life (6.07±1.78), and satisfaction with practice (5.97±1.83) were more than half of the measurement range. Among general and health-related characteristics, sex, religion, family’s economic status, personality, school records, and subjective health status showed significant differences in the score of adjustment to college life. Adjustment to college life was&#x0D; significantly higher when the stress coping style was problem-focused coping (Model 3 &amp;#61538;=.35, p ＜.001), participants were male (Model 2 female &amp;#61538;=&amp;#8722;.14, p =.008), participants had a religion (Model 3 &amp;#61538;=.15, p =.002), personality was extroverted or general (Model 2 introverted &amp;#61538;=&amp;#8722;.11, p =.038), and school record was higher (Model 3 middle &amp;#61538;=.23. p ＜.001; high &amp;#61538;=.28, p ＜.001). The combined explanatory power of these variables was 42% (F=14.44 , p ＜.001). &#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we need to consider different approaches according to students’ school record and use of stress coping styles, especially emotion-focused coping style, for college nursing students to improve their adjustment to college life.

Coping strategy in infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to determine whether infertility is associated with coping processes and is there a difference between infertile women and men in the use of coping strategies? Material and Methods In a cross-sectional study, the study sample consisted of 400 infertile couples, age at least 18 years and could read and write in Persian were enrolled at the Royan institute, Tehran, Iran, between July and September 2014. Participants provided demographic and Ways of coping questionnaire (WOCQ). Data was analyzed by paired t-test and multivariate analysis using SPSS software. Results There was a significantly higher score for self-control in husbands compared to wives (P = 0.016). As well as wives have lower score of Confronted Coping and Distancing than their husbands however Accepting Responsibility, Positive Reappraisal were lower in wives than husbands but these differences are not significant (P > 0.05). Mean score of Seeking Social Support and escape avoidance of wives was higher and significant (P = 0.037, P = 0.022 respectively). Conclusion Our finding showed that husbands have more Problem focused coping style and wives have more Emotion focused coping style.

Gender differences in coping styles of patients with depression: A comparative study

The present study was undertaken to investigate the gender differences in coping styles of patient with depression. Three types of coping styles were measured: problem focused, emotion focused and dysfunctional copings. The sample consisted of 101 participants (Male = 61, 60.4%) and (Female = 40, 39.6%) diagnosed with depression who were selected through convenience sampling technique from different hospitals of Dhaka city. Depression scale (DS), adapted Bengali version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and adapted Bengali version of COPE scale were used to assess different variables for the present study. Results of the study indicated that male patients were tending to use more problem focused coping styles than females and female patients were tending to use more dysfunctional coping style than male. There was no gender difference found in the groups on emotion focused coping style. Based on the findings developing a better therapeutic intervention to treat depression, was discussed.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 145-154, 2018 (July)

Association between insomnia and coping style in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PurposeInsomnia, which is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), results in a low quality of life, and several relationships exist between insomnia and coping style. Thus, we clarified the association between some coping styles and insomnia among Japanese type 2 DM patients.Subjects and methodsThe subjects included 503 type 2 DM patients (mean age 63.9±12.5 years). Sleep disturbance and personality traits were evaluated using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Brief Scale for Coping Profile, respectively. Lifestyle factors, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, and the depression statuses of the patients were also included in the analyses.ResultsAmong the 503 subjects with type 2 DM, 141 (28.0%) subjects exhibited probable insomnia. After adjusting for confounders, being female, living alone, and using “avoidance and suppression” were significantly correlated with current insomnia. No other relationships were found between insomnia and HbA1c or lifestyle factors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercise frequency.ConclusionThe prevalence of insomnia in individuals with type 2 DM was high, and the protective factors included some emotion-focused coping styles. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the therapeutic effects of behavioral interventions on insomnia in patients with type 2 DM.

Coping styles and dispositional optimism as predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms intensity in paramedics.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and such predictors as coping style and dispositional optimism in the group of professional paramedics. The study was conducted in a group of 440 paramedics employed by various units of the Polish Emergency Medical Service in five voivodships. Finally, research data obtained from 159 people were analyzed. The mean age of the respondents was 34.14 (SD = 8.67), mean work experience - 9.22 years (SD = 7.67). The majority of participants were male (N = 139, 87.4%), which reflects the gender balance observed in this particular professional group. Intensity of PTSD symptoms was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R). Dispositional optimism was evaluated by means of the Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) and coping styles were measured with the use of the multi-faceted Coping Orientations to Problems Expected (COPE) inventory. On the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that PTSD concerns 28% of the participants. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that general risk of PTSD symptoms occurrence is caused by preferred coping style, namely the emotion-focused coping style (positive predictor). Furthermore, two-factor interaction regression analysis showed that dispositional optimism can play a role as a mediator of the relationship between PTSD general index and the emotion-focused coping style. Paramedics are more prone to develop PTSD symptoms than general population. This indicates the need for preventive steps to be taken in the professional group of paramedics taking into consideration their coping styles and level of dispositional optimism.

Burnout and posttraumatic stress in paediatric critical care personnel: Prediction from resilience and coping styles

IntroductionOur aims were (1) to explore the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BOS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of Spanish staff working in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and compare these rates with a sample of general paediatric staff and (2) to explore how resilience, coping strategies, and professional and demographic variables influence BOS and PTSD. Materials and MethodsThis is a multicentre, cross-sectional study. Data were collected in the PICU and in other paediatric wards of nine hospitals. Participants consisted of 298 PICU staff members (57 physicians, 177 nurses, and 64 nursing assistants) and 189 professionals working in non-critical paediatric units (53 physicians, 104 nurses, and 32 nursing assistants). They completed the Brief Resilience Scale, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire for healthcare providers, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Trauma Screening Questionnaire. ResultsFifty-six percent of PICU working staff reported burnout in at least one dimension (36.20% scored over the cut-off for emotional exhaustion, 27.20% for depersonalisation, and 20.10% for low personal accomplishment), and 20.1% reported PTSD. There were no differences in burnout and PTSD scores between PICU and non-PICU staff members, either among physicians, nurses, or nursing assistants. Higher burnout and PTSD rates emerged after the death of a child and/or conflicts with patients/families or colleagues. Around 30% of the variance in BOS and PTSD is predicted by a frequent usage of the emotion-focused coping style and an infrequent usage of the problem-focused coping style. Discussion and ConclusionsInterventions to prevent and treat distress among paediatric staff members are needed and should be focused on: (i) promoting active emotional processing of traumatic events and encouraging positive thinking; (ii) developing a sense of detached concern; (iii) improving the ability to solve interpersonal conflicts, and (iv) providing adequate training in end-of-life care.

A systematic literature review on the association between loneliness and coping strategies

Loneliness is an emerging and important public health concern associated with increased risk for health disorders and even mortality. Interventions targeting coping strategies might be effective in alleviating feelings of loneliness. However, the relationship between loneliness and coping strategies is not well understood. We systematically reviewed quantitative studies addressing the association between loneliness and coping. Studies were included if loneliness and coping styles were measured with a validated scale and the association between both was assessed quantitatively. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases in compliance with the predefined in- and exclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the search, quality appraisal, and data extraction. Coping styles were subdivided according to problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. We included twelve studies that measured the association between loneliness and coping. Half of the studies had low risk of bias (n = 6), in the remaining six the risk of bias was moderate (n = 1) or high (n = 5). All studies that showed a significant association between loneliness and coping consistently showed that problem-focused coping styles were associated with lower levels of loneliness, and emotion-focused coping styles with higher levels of loneliness. Our findings suggest that learning how to use problem-focused coping strategies could be an important aspect of interventions targeting loneliness. This should be further explored in randomized clinical trials. Trials should report changes is coping and changes in loneliness and also include multivariate models that investigate if changes in coping contributed to changes in loneliness. Furthermore, further research should explore the role of different subgroups (e.g. older people), and the role of different types of loneliness as these can affect the effectiveness of loneliness interventions.

Coping Styles Mediate Perfectionism Associations with Depression Among Undergraduate Students

ABSTRACTTo better understand depression among adolescent university students, this study was designed to examine coping style as a potential mediator between perfectionism and depression. Participants comprised 510 undergraduate students from Malaysia. Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated that personal standards perfectionism and task-focused coping style were negatively associated with depression, while emotion-focused coping style, avoidant coping style, and evaluative concerns perfectionism were positively associated with depression. Multiple mediator modelling provided evidence that coping styles partially mediated the relationship between perfectionism and depression. These findings advance current knowledge by suggesting how perfectionism may contribute to depression and may inform the development of more effective prevention and intervention programs for depression.

The impact of psychiatric nurses’ psychological capital on their burnout and coping style

Background Nurses with a high level of psychological capital have the essential motivational and cognitive properties that can be used in any given work situation to protect them from work-related stress and burnout. Aim This study aims to examine the impact of psychiatric nurses’ psychological capital on their burnout and coping style. Participants and methods A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. This study was conducted at three psychiatric hospitals: El Azazi Hospital for mental illness, Banha Hospital for mental illness, and at the Psychiatric Department at Zagazig University Hospital. A simple, random sample composed of 139 nurses who are working at a previous mentioned setting was recruited for this study. Five tools were utilized in this study for data collection, sociodemographic data sheet, burnout scale, psychological capital questionnaire, brief coping inventory, and emotional approach coping scale. Results The present study revealed that the level of burnout was moderate among the studied nurses, more than half of them had low level of psychological capital, about half of them had low level of problems − focused coping and near half of them had a high level of emotion-focused coping. Conclusion On the basis of the finding of this study, it can be concluded that the burnout is a psychological problem among psychiatric nurses. Unfortunately, about one-half of the studied psychiatric nurses has moderate level of burnout and has low level of psychological capital. Also, about half of them utilize the emotion-focused coping style more frequently than problem-focused coping. When nurses have a high level of psychological capital, their level of burnout decreased. Recommendation Intervention programs for nurses should be carried out to enhance their level of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience), improve their coping ability, and reduce their level of burnout are recommended.

Non-Violent Communication and Its Impact on Suicidal Ideations and Coping with Stress Styles

One of the important dimensions of violence is suicide, or violence directed toward self that many people suffer from nowadays. In the meantime, adolescents and especially girls are more likely to be harmed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of group training with non-violent communication (NVC) method on suicidal ideations and coping with stress styles of adolescent girls. The target community in this research was availably selected from the charity centers of Tehran suburbs. In this study, 15 adolescent girls were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The criteria for entering the research were students aged 11 to 19 years and the vulnerable socio-economic income. Eight training sessions of NVC were presented for the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test intervals, while no intervention was performed for the control group. Data collection instruments were Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (BDI) and Endler & Parker’s coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS). After statistical analysis, the effectiveness of this training was investigated on dependent variables by multivariate analysis of covariance. Eventually, the results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). The finding of the study showed that NVC training can reduce suicidal ideations in adolescent girls who are socially and economically vulnerable. According to the findings, non-violent communication training has a higher effect on emotion-focused coping style compared to other stress coping styles.

Idle minds are the devil's tools? Coping, depressed mood and divergent thinking in older adults

ABSTRACTObjectives: The main aim was to test a causal relations model of the problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles, depressed mood, and divergent thinking (DT) in older adults. It was hypothesized that both forms of coping would have a significant effect on predicting depressed mood, and that problem-focused coping and depressed mood would have a significant effect on DT. Method: Participants were 135 subjects with ages ranging between 55 and 84 years old, who took part in a personal interview and filled out several questionnaires. The statistical analysis included structural equations models (SEM).Results: The initial model led to a final model endorsed by the goodness of fit, composite reliability, and discriminant validity indexes. This model confirms a direct relationship between the two types of coping strategies and depressed mood (with the opposite sign), but not between rational coping and DT. Finally, depressed mood was also confirmed as a mediator variable between coping and DT. Conclusion: The type of coping is a clear predictor of mood in older adults. Advanced age decline is not necessarily translated into inefficacy in everyday problem solving especially in those who, through proble-focused coping, avoid depressed moods and maintain good levels of DT.