Emotion-focused Coping Styles Research Articles

A comparative analysis of burden of care and coping styles between wives of monosubstance- and polysubstance-dependent men

ABSTRACT Background: Polysubstance dependence has emerged as a clinically distinct entity from monosubstance dependence, yet its impact on patients’ wives is understudied. Wives of substance-dependent men face a tremendous burden in their social lives, leading to faulty coping and burden of care. Comparative studies between monosubstances and polysubstances are lacking. Aims: This study compared the burden of care and coping styles between wives of monosubstance- and polysubstance-dependent men. Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis was performed between wives of 70 monosubstance-dependent and 70 polysubstance-dependent patients. The burden of care was assessed by the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS), whereas coping styles were assessed using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE) Inventory. Results: Both groups faced a moderate burden of care, which was significantly higher in wives of polysubstance abusers as compared to monosubstance abusers (U = 366.50, P < 0.01). The difference was mainly seen in their impact on well-being and relationships with others. Avoidant coping was significantly higher in wives of polysubstance abusers (U = 341.00, P < 0.01), whereas emotion-focused and problem-solving coping styles were equally represented. Avoidant and problem-solving coping styles positively correlated with the burden of care (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The burden of care and avoidant coping strategies are higher in wives of polysubstance-dependent men. An increased burden of care is associated with increased use of both avoidant coping and problem-solving coping.

Coping Styles among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Introduction: Autism falls under the most common category of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). It is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disability characterized by persistent and pervasive impairments that include challenges with social understanding and communication, difficulty adapting to new situations, and exhibiting repetitive behaviors or interests. Caring for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be an arduous task for caregivers all around the globe. To tide through the various phases of development, certain coping mechanisms are applied by the parents of children with ASD. An impact on the level of parental distress can be evaluated being based on parental coping styles concerning developmental disabilities. Objective: To assess the coping among the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and to measure the association of coping styles with selected background variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 174 parents of children with ASD in selected autism care centers in Kathmandu, Nepal. The data was collected using a questionnaire developed by taking the reference from the Brief COPE questionnaire to evaluate the coping styles used by parents. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) were used to analyze data in SPSS vs20. Results: The findings of the study revealed, the majority of the respondents were below 35 years of age (70.1%), female (55.2%), belonged to the Brahmin/Chhetri (63.2%) ethnic group, had a single child (62.1%), belonged to nuclear family (52.9%), were homemakers (34.5%), able to spend sufficiently economically (66.7%) and having a graduate or higher education (71.3%). Similarly, the majority of autistic children were aged between 1 to 5 years (93.1%), and were males (71.3%). In terms of birth order, the majority of children with autism were firstborns (72.4%), did not have any other illnesses (96.6%), and were diagnosed at the age of less than 3 years (62.1%). Overall, the majority of the parents used a problem-focused coping style with a mean of 3.2±0.3, followed by avoidant coping style (2.7±0.4) and emotion-focused coping style (2.5±0.5). Likewise, there was there was a significant association of avoidant coping style with the age of respondents and the number of children they have, emotion-focused coping with ethnicity, and occupation of respondents. Again, the sex of respondents, level of education of spouse, and level of autism of children of respondents were found to have a significant association with both avoidant and emotion-focused coping styles. Overall, the level of education of respondents was associated with overall coping strategies. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the study concludes that the majority of the respondents used problem problem-focused coping style, followed by avoidant and emotion-focused coping styles. Significant associations were found between various coping styles and demographic attributes such as age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, level of education of respondents as well as their spouse, and the level of ASD of their children. Understanding the coping styles is central to supporting the parents’ coping efforts. Providing parents with effective techniques to manage their emotions can greatly influence how they view their situation, the intensity of the symptoms of their children, and the psychological distress associated with it.

The Mediating Role of Patience in the Relationship Between Coping Styles and Resilience

TThe aim of the present study was to examine the mediation effect of patience in the relationship between coping styles and resilience in university students. The sample comprised 401 university students (290 females [72.3%] and 111 males [27.7%]). The Patience Scale, Coping Style Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale were employed in the study. SPSS and AMOS 21 were used for statistical analysis. According to the study findings, there were positive relationships between patience, resilience, and problem-focused coping styles. Emotion-focused coping styles were negatively associated with patience and resilience. The results of the mediating model showed that patience partially mediated the relationships between problem/emotion-focused coping styles and resilience. The researchers discussed the results and offered suggestions in light of the relevant literature.

Cognitive Appraisals of Organizational Stressors and Coping Styles of Football Coaches and Players in Ghana

The study assessed how football coaches and players appraised and coped with stressors they experienced or encountered. Specifically, the study assessed the following: (1) stress appraisal mechanisms employed by coaches and players, (2) coping mechanisms adopted by coaches and players, and (3) association between stress appraisals and coping styles among coaches and players in the Ghana national football league. Employing the descriptive survey design, census sampling was used to select 424 footballers and 44 coaches who answered the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM) and the Modified Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (MCOPE) inventories. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviation) and multivariate multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that football coaches and players reportedly used more controllable-by-self and challenge appraisals and employed more problem-focused coping styles (increasing effort, active coping, and planning) than emotion-focused coping styles (seeking social support for emotional reasons, venting of emotions, and self-blame) during stressful situations. Further, those who used facilitative appraisal mechanisms adopted functional coping mechanisms and vice versa. Sport psychologists are encouraged to organize regular psychological training workshops on a variety of functional coping styles (e.g., cognitive restructuring, planning, increasing effort and active coping) to help football coaches and players deal with the demands associated with competitions to enhance their psychological well-being.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress along with Coping Strategy and Work-related Sense of Coherence in Anesthesia Care Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have reported the prevalence of psychological issues in anesthesia professionals during stressful situations like the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there are limited data exploring the coping strategies and work satisfaction in this workforce during the pandemic. Methodology: In this observational cross-sectional study, three validated questionnaires, namely, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory, and the Work-related Sense of Coherence (Work-SoC) scale, were handed out to 150 anesthesia health-care providers (doctors and allied health staff [AHS]). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress; Work-SoC conditions; and coping strategies were compared between groups of participants based on age (<30 years vs. ≥30 years), gender (males vs. females), and occupation (doctors vs. AHS). Results: Participants aged <30 years reported more depression (P = 0.0134) and stress (P = 0.0453) compared to participants aged ≥30 years. Younger participants used emotion-focused and avoidant coping styles, whereas older participants used coping styles that were emotion focused and problem focused. Similarly, a problem-focused coping style was observed frequently among both doctors and AHS. Work-SoC assessment showed that younger participants (P = 0.0088) and more AHS respondents (P = 0.000) attributed poor meaningfulness, but doctors reported poor comprehensibility (P = 0.058) to their working conditions. Conclusion: Younger professionals were more susceptible to stress and depression during the pandemic. Similar to AHS, they perceived work conditions as unrewarding and less meaningful. Doctors perceived working conditions as unmanageable, unpredictable, and unstructured. There were age-related differences in coping strategies where older adults engaged in more proactive coping.

Predicting Marital Intimacy Based on Infertility Stigma and Coping Strategies in Infertile Women

Objective: Infertility is not merely a medical condition affecting women but a biopsychosocial health issue that encompasses lower quality of life, psychiatric disorders, and even marital conflicts. The aim of this study was to predict marital intimacy based on infertility stigma and coping strategies in infertile women. Method: This applied research was descriptive-correlational in nature. The population included all infertile women in Tehran in the year 2020. From this group, 250 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The participants were assessed using the Thompson and Walker (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale, Fu’s (2014) Perceived Infertility Stigma Scale, and Folkman and Lazarus’s (1985) Coping Strategies Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23. Findings: Data analysis revealed that infertility stigma and coping strategies significantly predict marital intimacy in infertile women at the 0.01 level (p < .01, F(6, 249) = 45.877). Infertility stigma and coping strategies explained 53.1% of the variance in marital intimacy. The t-tests for significance in regression for self-devaluation (β = -.189, p = .001), social rejection (β = -.143, p = .003), family shame (β = -.279, p = .001), emotion-focused coping style (β = .351, p = .001), and problem-focused coping style (β = .251, p = .001) were significant at the level below .01. Among the sub-scales of infertility stigma, family shame and among the coping strategies, emotion-focused coping style had a more significant unique contribution in predicting marital intimacy. Conclusion: Infertility stigma and coping strategies can be used to predict marital intimacy among infertile women.

Psychological status and related factors of resident physicians during the release of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in China.

Resident physicians at the standardized training stage had undergone significant physical and mental stress during the release of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions at the end of 2022 in China. This study aimed to investigate the psychological status (including anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, job burnout, and vicarious trauma) of resident physicians and identify its influencing factors under these special periods. Survey was conducted one month after the release of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on resident training physicians from a tertiary first-class hospital in Zhejiang, China. Resident physicians completed the psychological status questionnaire. Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the group differences and variable associations. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and somatic discomfort in this study was 20.88, 28.53, and 41.47%, respectively. Female resident physicians were more likely to experience somatic symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-4.18]. Resident physicians with problem-focused coping styles were less prone to psychological health issues [depression (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), anxiety (adjusted OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), somatic symptoms (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.97), job burnout (adjusted OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87-0.96) and vicarious trauma (adjusted OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98)]. Inversely, resident physicians with emotion-focused coping styles and experienced negative life events were more prone to psychological health issues. Resident training physicians had a high risk of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms under the special COVID-19 pandemic restriction release period. Females, with lower training stages, degrees, negative life events, and emotion-focused coping styles had a disadvantaged effect on psychological status. The medical teaching management department needs to monitor and reduce the workload and working hours of resident physicians, ensure sufficient sleep time, and pay attention to the psychological status of resident physicians. By strengthening regular communication and mental health education or intervention, which can help them improve their ability to cope with complex tasks.

Investigating the Relationship Between Coping Styles, Alexithymia, and Management Styles with Job Satisfaction (Case Study: The Employees of the Maad Group)

Objective: The personnel of any organization are considered its most principal and enduring assets; hence, understanding their needs for the implementation of organizational programs is essential. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping styles, alexithymia, and management styles with job satisfaction among the employees of the Maad Group. Materials and Methods: The research method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The study population consisted of employees of the Maad Group in Tehran in the year 2021, from which 127 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Smith, Kendall, and Hulin Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1969), the Short Form of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire by Endler and Parker (1990), the Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1986), and the Schmitt Management Styles Questionnaire (1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and democratic management style, goal-oriented management style, participative management style, and laissez-faire management style, as well as coping strategies (P<0.01). There was also a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and alexithymia (P<0.01). A significant positive relationship existed between job satisfaction and problem-focused coping styles, while a significant negative relationship was found with emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles (P<0.01). Significant relationships were observed between job satisfaction and identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally-oriented thinking (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between coping styles, alexithymia, and management styles with job satisfaction.

Mediating Roles of Problem-Focused and Emotion-Focused Coping Styles Between Adverse Life Events and Aggression

Stressful or adverse life events play a role in the development of concurrent or subsequent aggressive behavior. Moreover, coping strategies determine how to react when faced with adverse events. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of coping styles in the relationship between adverse life events and aggression among university students. Three hundred sixteen university students, 213 (67%) female, and 103 (33%) male, participated in this study. The Demographic Information Form, Life Experiences Survey, Coping Style Scale, and Aggression Inventory were applied for data collection. The results showed that males had higher aggression scores than females. Individuals who experienced more adverse life events were more likely to use an emotion-focused coping style and had higher aggression levels than those who experienced more positive life events. When the effects of age and gender were controlled, both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping styles had partial parallel mediating roles in the relationship between adverse life events and aggression. The findings reveal that experiencing adverse life events and using more emotion-focused coping style had a role in increasing aggression, while using problem-focused coping style had a role in reducing aggression. Overall, the findings of this study have important implications for guiding mental health professionals working with university students by showing that the development of effective coping styles for those who experience adverse life events should be supported.

COPING STYLES AS MEDIATORS BETWEEN PURPOSE IN LIFE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Abstract This study tested the association between purpose in life and coping styles and whether coping styles mediate the association between purpose and cognitive function. Longitudinal data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study were used to investigate associations between purpose assessed at MIDUS I (1996-1997) and coping assessed at MIDUS II (2004-2006) (N=2,386). Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping styles were then tested as mediators of the association between purpose and cognitive function (i.e., memory, executive function, and global cognition) assessed at MIDUS III (2013-2014). Higher purpose was associated with higher problem focused coping (β=.191, p<.001) and lower emotion-focused coping (β=-.227, p<.001). Coping style partially mediated the association between purpose and cognitive function about two decades later. Emotion-focused coping accounted for 14.3% of the total effect of purpose on cognitive function. Problem-focused coping mediated 16.7% of the total effect of the association of purpose on episodic memory, but did not mediate the associations between purpose with either executive function or total cognitive function. These findings provide new evidence for associations between purpose and coping, as well as links between coping and cognitive function in a large, longitudinal sample of adults. The results are consistent with the literature on purpose and better cognitive function in adulthood and suggest that coping is one mechanism linking purpose with better cognitive function.

Outcome-oriented resilience moderates the relationship between emotion-focused coping style and negative affect: evidence from a daily diary approach

Outcome-oriented resilience moderates the relationship between emotion-focused coping style and negative affect: evidence from a daily diary approach

Psychological distress, anxiety, depression, stress level, and coping style in HIV-pregnant women in Mexico.

To evaluate the presence of psychological distress (PD) and its association with the mental health and coping styles of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH). An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Seventy-three PWLWH were included. Patients responded to a psychometric battery for PD, depression, anxiety, stress, and coping style evaluation. The scales used in the study were: Goldberg's 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung Depression Self-Measurement Scale (ZDS), Nowack Stress Profile, Lazarus and Folkman's Coping Styles Questionnaire. PD was observed in 31.5% of the participants. PD-positive patients showed a higher probability of presenting traits of depression and anxiety and medium/high stress levels. Besides, they preferentially used emotion-focused coping styles. PD is associated with a higher probability of presenting anxiety and depression in PWLWH. Emotion-focused coping style could be a factor in decision-making associated with risk behaviors in PWLWH.

Multiple mediation effect of coping styles and self-esteem in the relationship between spousal support and pregnancy stress of married immigrant pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to identify the total, direct, and indirect influence of spousal support on pregnancy stress among married immigrant pregnant women. The study aimed to determine the relative magnitudes of specific mediating effects of coping styles and self-esteem. A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted in Jeonnam with 206 married immigrant pregnant women. Data were collected from September 7 to November 7 in 2019. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure spousal support, pregnancy stress, coping styles, and self-esteem. The study employed a linear multiple regression analysis to examine the potential multi-mediating effects. The effect size was set at 0.15, the significance level at 0.05, and the power at 0.95. Through the analysis, the researchers explored the mediating mechanisms among the variables and identified the presence of multi-mediating effects. The effect sizes (b) and statistical significance (p) for the predictors were as follows: problem-focused coping (b = 0.13, p = 0.001), emotion-focused coping (b = 0.11, p = 0.004), and self-esteem (b = 0.10, p < 0.001). Emotion-focused coping (b = 0.26, p = 0.001) and self-esteem (b = -0.20, p = 0.035) had a significant impact on pregnancy stress. The total effect of spousal support on pregnancy stress was significant at -0.25 (p < 0.001), and the direct effect was also significant at -0.26 (p < 0.001). We observed significant mediating effects for emotion-focused coping and self-esteem. As a result of this study, the self-esteem of married immigrant pregnant women can have a protective effect by preventing the aggravation of pregnancy stress in the relationship between spousal support and pregnancy stress. Meanwhile, the emotion-focused coping style can balance out the effect of self-esteem. Therefore, in order to alleviate the stress of pregnancy for women, it is necessary to provide intervention to help improve self-esteem with spousal support. In addition, nursing professionals should help them use appropriate coping styles.

Problem Solving and Emotion Coping Styles for Social Anxiety: A Meta-analysis of Chinese Mainland Students.

Studies of how positive and negative coping styles affect social anxiety show mixed results. Hence, our two meta-analyses determined the overall effect sizes of problem solving-focused coping (PSC) styles and emotion-focused coping (EFC) styles on social anxiety in mainland China (PSC: k = 49 studies, N = 34,669; EFC: k = 52, N = 36,531). PSC was negatively linked to social anxiety (-.198), and EFC was positively linked to social anxiety (.223). In years with more national income, PSC's and EFC's effect sizes were larger. PSC's effect sizes were smaller among rural students (vs. urban students), larger among older students (university, high school, middle school), and larger in cross-sectional (vs. longitudinal) studies. When using SAD (vs. others) social anxiety measures, PSC effect sizes were larger, but EFC effect sizes were smaller. EFC effect sizes were larger in studies with convenience (vs. representative) samples. Gender, single child status, and coping style measurement showed no moderation effects. These findings suggest that using problem solving-focused coping styles rather than emotion-focused may reduce social anxiety, so future experimental studies can test this idea more rigorously.

Emotion-focused dyadic coping styles used by family carers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emotional wellbeing of family carers and people with dementia is associated with not only how each individual copes with stress and conflict, but also by how they cope together. Finding ways to positively cope together was particularly important during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, when other avenues of emotional support were less available. We explored how carers experienced and used emotion-focused dyadic coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted during the pandemic with 42 family carers, supplemented by quality of life scores collected both pre- and during the pandemic and household status. Abductive thematic analysis identified five styles of emotion-focused dyadic coping: common, supportive, hostile, disengaged avoidance and protective. The COVID-19 pandemic left many dyads unsupported. While many carers adapted, reporting increases in quality of life and enjoying the extra time with the person with dementia, others experienced dyadic conflict and reductions in quality of life. This variation was associated with dyadic coping styles, including challenges in using 'positive' styles and the protective use of 'negative' disengaged avoidance in the right situations. Dyadic coping styles also differed as a function of whether the dyad lived together. As many people with dementia are supported by an informal carer, considering how they cope together could help us to better support them. We make suggestions for dyadic interventions tailored by co-residency status that could help dyads identify and communicate coping needs, reconnect following avoidance coping, and replenish their coping resources through social support.

Anxiety, coping style and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic: An Iranian population-based study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused new conditions such as nationwide quarantine, a dramatic decrease in-person interaction and an increase in death anxiety for governments and people. The pandemic of an unpredictable disease with no definite treatment can pose physical and psychological risks to individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the state of anxiety, coping styles, and hopelessness of people in the lockdown period and reopening in Iran. In this national population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 1191 people who had access to social networks from all over Iran completed the anxiety, hopelessness, and coping style questionnaires online using the snowball sampling method. Analysis was conducted using Stata software version 12 (Stat Corp). The significance level was set at 0.05. The results of the study suggested that women experienced higher levels of anxiety than men, and, in stressful situations, women were more likely to use emotion-focused coping styles, while men frequently used problem-focused coping styles. The majority of participants reported moderate levels of anxiety and low levels of hopelessness (64.04%). The results of multiple linear regression show any level of anxiety mild (ß = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-0.85), moderate (ß = 0.72, 95% CI: 1.36-1.08), and severe (ß = 2, 95% CI: 1.36-2.56) relative to the none anxiety significantly increase the hopelessness, Furthermore, showing a negative significant adjusted association with the problem-focused coping style (ß = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.04), and a significant positive association with the emotion-focused coping style (ß = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02-0.06). Our findings could be used to prevent psychological damage in societies and suggested addressing problem-focused coping style, especially during a crisis, and providing people with preprepared mental health protocols at this pandemic.

Psychological Resilience and Coping Strategies with Anxiety among Malaysian Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the world by storm and caused a myriad of devastating consequences, particularly disruptions in medical education. This study aims to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, psychological factors, coping strategies and anxiety among medical students, as well as to identify the predictors of anxiety among them. A cross-sectional study design was used. Self-rated Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale (Brief COPE), and General Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) were used. A total of 371 respondents from a tertiary education center were recruited. The prevalence of anxiety was 37% which corresponded to 21.6% and 15.4% for moderate and severe anxiety, respectively. Sociodemographic factors such as age group and academic year were significantly associated with anxiety, while those with higher self-esteem (rs = -0.487), self-competence (rs = -0.407), self-liking (rs = -0.499), and self-efficacy (rs = -0.245) had lower anxiety. Inversely, those who adopted emotion-focused (rs = 0.130) and dysfunctional coping styles (rs = 0.559) showed higher anxiety. The main predictors of anxiety were self-liking as a protective factor (aOR = 0.81) and dysfunctional coping as a risk factor (aOR = 1.16). Therefore, resilience building and inculcating positive coping strategies are imperative in equipping our budding healthcare providers to weather through future unforeseeable disasters.

Mediation by coping style in the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults.

The association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms is well-established, but the role of coping style in this association is less clear. We examined whether problem-focused, emotion-focused or avoidant coping style mediated and/or moderated the association in young adults. Data were drawn from a 20-year longitudinal study that included 1294 students' age 12-13years recruited in 1999-2000 from ten high schools in Montreal, Canada. Herein we report an analysis that included 782 participants aged 24years on average with data on covariates collected at age 20. Using VanderWeele's four-way decomposition approach, the total effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms considering coping styles was decomposed into four components: moderation only, mediation only, mediated interaction, no mediation or moderation. We observed mediation only by emotion-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = 0.15(0.04, 0.24)) suggestive that individuals who experienced more stressful life events also reported greater use of emotion-focused coping and higher levels of depressive symptoms. We found moderation only by problem-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = -1.51(-2.40, -0.53)) and by emotion-focused coping ([Formula: see text](95%CI) = 1.16(0.57, 1.69). These results suggest that individuals reporting more problem-focused coping experienced fewer depressive symptoms after exposure to stressful life events; those reporting more emotion-focused coping experienced more depressive symptoms. Avoidant coping did not mediate or moderate the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. Interventions that aim to reduce depressive symptoms in young adults who experience stressful life events may need to reinforce problem-focused coping and minimize emotion-focused coping strategies.

Anxiety, Worry, Life Satisfaction and Coping During the Acute VS Prolonged Pandemic Stress: Evidence From a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic remains a continuous stressor worldwide. Our study aimed at comparing the data of waves from two lockdowns in Georgia, one in the acute stress phase (May 2020) and the other in the prolonged stress phase (December 2020). Methods: In total, 750 and 716 individuals participated in the study with a repeated cross-sectional design. Sample equivalence was reached via controlling demographic variables. Anxiety, COVID-19 worry, and life satisfaction were measured along with coping behaviors and four coping styles—information-accessing/processing and action-planning (two problem-focused coping styles), and passive-submissive and avoidant (two emotion-focused coping styles). Results: As pandemic prolonged, mental health indicators worsened, the action-planning style and behavioral coping decreased, while the information-accessing/processing style increased. The link between the COVID-19 worry and the action-planning coping style was strong in the acute stage and dissapeared in the prolonged stage. The individual context, namely, a history of coronavirus in the household, accounted for lower protective behaviors and higher information seeking in the prolonged phase. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the importance of timing and general and individual contexts in coping with the pandemic.

Work coping, stress appraisal, and psychological resilience: Reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic among health care providers.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between perceived stress appraisals and coping style during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting distress reaction and effects on work engagement. Method: The sample (N = 423) was 78.6% female with average age and education of 38.5 and 18.4 years, respectively. Most respondents reported working in psychology/neuropsychology (31.7%) and rehabilitation/other therapies (29.7%). Surveys were distributed via Qualtrics among health care providers via listservs and referral emails from medical providers. Measures included: the Brief COPE Inventory, Work and Well Being Survey (UWES), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), and the Screening Tool for Psychological Distress (STOP-D). Results: Health care workers endorsing problem-focused coping styles had lower levels of perceived threat and higher levels of perceived control in their response to the pandemic. Problem-focused coping was negatively associated with anxiety and depression in reaction to the pandemic when compared with health care workers who endorsed an emotion-focused coping style. Higher stress appraisal in response to perceived threat from the pandemic was not associated with lower work engagement or enthusiasm. Conclusions: Findings support the impact of coping style on psychological distress and work engagement during pandemic, with implications that these factors may be important considerations for mitigation of distress and burnout for health care workers during times of high stress. Initiatives to improve resiliency and wellness in health care workers may examine modifiable interventions for coping style. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This study suggests that, among health care workers, using a problem focused coping style in response to COVID-19 pandemic stress mitigates experience of psychological distress and burnout. Initiatives that focus on modifiable interventions for coping styles may improve wellness in health care workers during environments of high stress, such as a chronic pandemic state. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)