Emissions Of Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

Methodological provision of improving the system of location of monitoring points for atmospheric air pollution in agglomerations

Goal. The evaluation of current atmospheric air monitoring system effectiveness in the territory of the Dnipro agglomerations and improvement methodological approaches to the placement of observation points in accordance with the current requirements of the legislation of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union in the field of environmental protection. Research methodology. A comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the current system of assessing the level of pollution of the atmosphere of inhabited cities was carried out; statistical analysis – to evaluate the dynamics of pollutants from the emissions of industrial enterprises and vehicles; geospatial analysis – to justify the locations of additional observation posts based on cartographic data. Research results. The dynamics of pollutants from the emissions of industrial enterprises and vehicles were evaluated. A critical analysis of the current atmospheric air monitoring system has been conducted. The location of different types of observation points for the agglomeration of Dnipro is proposed. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the agglomeration of the Dnieper, the location of additional observation points, taking into account the location of the platforms of industrial enterprises and the volume of gross emissions of priority pollutants from the main sources of atmospheric pollution, as well as data on the number and density of the population in administrative areas of the city and characteristics etc. Practical meaning. The approach proposed in the work will provide information on the quality of the atmospheric air both by current domestic standards and regulations and international, which will facilitate the expansion of the panel network of atmospheric air monitoring on the territory of Ukraine.

Estimation of pollution zones from emissions of industrial enterprises

Estimation of pollution zones from emissions of industrial enterprises

Air quality prediction models based on meteorological factors and real-time data of industrial waste gas

With the rapid economic growth, air quality continues to decline. High-intensity pollution emissions and unfavorable weather conditions are the key factors for the formation and development of air heavy pollution processes. Given that research into air quality prediction generally ignore pollutant emission information, in this paper, the random forest supervised learning algorithm is used to construct an air quality prediction model for Zhangdian District with industrial waste gas daily emissions and meteorological factors as variables. The training data include the air quality index (AQI) values, meteorological factors and industrial waste gas daily emission of Zhangdian District from 1st January 2017 to 30th November 2019. The data from 1st to 31th December 2019 is used as the test set to assess the model. The performance of the model is analysed and compared with the backpropagation (BP) neural network, decision tree, and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) function, which has better overall prediction performance with an RMSE of 22.91 and an MAE of 15.80. Based on meteorological forecasts and expected air quality, a daily emission limit for industrial waste gas can be obtained using model inversion. From 1st to 31th December 2019, if the industrial waste gas daily emission in this area were decreased from 6048.5 million cubic meters of waste gas to 5687.5 million cubic meters, and the daily air quality would be maintained at a good level. This paper deeply explores the dynamic relationship between waste gas daily emissions of industrial enterprises, meteorological factors, and air quality. The meteorological conditions are fully utilized to dynamically adjust the exhaust gas emissions of key polluting enterprises. It not only ensures that the regional air quality is in good condition, but also promotes the in-depth optimization of the procedures of regional industrial enterprises, and reduces the conflict between environmental protection and economic development.

Applying Continuous Self-monitoring Systems for Industrial Stack Gases: International and Russian Experience of Legal Regulation

The approaches to the control of pollutant emissions of industrial enterprises by means of automatic measuring systems are presented. The available international experience of normative regulation of continuous emissions control, including the regulatory policy of the United States of America, the European Union, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of India, the Republic of Korea, is summarized. It was found that almost all countries that regulate air quality on the basis of the concept of the best available techniques have formed lists of pollutants, threshold values of their emissions, lists of industries or types of units, stationary emissions sources which are to be equipped with automatic measuring systems. The Russian system regulation of the negative impact on the environment in terms of the application of continuous emission monitoring systems is considered. Technical features of the organization of automatic control of emissions at different types of stationary sources are analyzed. The cases of the absence of practical possibility of making instrumental measurements of emissions are discussed.

The influence of fuel and energy systems on atmospheric air pollution by enterprises of the metallurgical and machine-building complex

Currently, billions of tons of industrial waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises have accumulated in Russia. Ferrous metallurgy is one of the most environmentally dirty industries. The history of the environmental problem of the city of Nizhny Tagil, goes back to the beginning of the creation of the mining industry of the Urals. The development of mining, chemical, metallurgical production, mechanical engineering is formed by the increasing pressure of anthropogenic factors on the environment. Emissions of industrial enterprises, energy systems and transport into the air, at the present stage of the development of science and technology, have reached such a size that in some areas, especially in large industrial centers, pollution levels are several times higher than permissible sanitary standards.

Experimental studies of the properties of metal dust

Introduction. The issues of ensuring the environmental safety of metalworking industries are still very relevant. Moreover, the primary role in these issues is played by the protection of atmospheric air from the emissions of industrial enterprises in this industry. For the successful implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the environmental safety of atmospheric air, it is important to study in detail the composition and properties of the emission components.
 Problem Statement. The aim of the study is to analyze the entire range of modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust, as the main component of emissions from metalworking industries; to select the method of experimental research; to conduct a dispersion analysis of metal dust particles.
 Theoretical Part. As a rule, the productivity of experimental studies of the parameters of the properties of pollutants largely depends on the methods that were used in the performance of the work. To solve these problems, the authors have analyzed modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust. The choice is made according to the basic principles: relativity, relevance, completeness, labor intensity. The conditions for the final results of the research, their accuracy and reliability, the conditions for the terms, resources, technical means of research used, and the positive and negative aspects of each of the methods under consideration are also taken into account.
 Conclusion. The article presents the result of the choice of the research method and the results of experimental studies of the properties of metal dust.

Sustainable urban development: the impact of an asphalt plant on the quality of atmospheric air

The development of industry, the use of various chemicals in technological processes, the large emissions of industrial enterprises, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agriculture have caused environmental pollution with harmful substances. Environmental protection is now becoming one of the economic problems and is an extremely urgent task of humanity. The purpose of this article is to present the main results of the study and analysis of atmospheric air pollution by the asphalt plant, which is located almost in the center of Yekaterinburg; to investigate the compliance of the existing hazard class of the enterprise, which increases its production volumes, to correct the size and location of the sanitary protection zone of the plant, taking into account the wind rose, and to try to propose a number of measures to reduce the negative impact of the plants in this industry. In considering the impact of anthropogenic activities on nature, attention should be paid to the concept of sustainable development, which carries principles based on the satisfaction of human needs, with a focus on caring for the well-being of future generations. If we consider the issue from the perspective of this concept, then the asphalt plant, in order to prevent possible environmental damage, should invest material and money to further minimize the amount of pollutants.

Road dust trace elements contamination, sources, dispersed composition, and human health risk in Chelyabinsk, Russia

There are many sources of urban road dust, such as soil dispersal, emissions of industrial enterprises and thermal power plants, road traffic-related processes. Chelyabinsk was selected as a typical Russian industrial city. This work was the first pollution study of road dust in Chelyabinsk. We examined 125 road dust samples were on the content toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn). The concentrations of trace elements in road dust were determined using ICP-MS. Results showed that the metal concentrations in dust were higher than the background value of local soil. The distribution curves of dust were asymmetric, had have two peaks, and showed significant unimodal distribution. The higher share of particles was in the range from 30 … 40 to 250 … 300 μm. The thoracic fraction volume (%) and concentrations of trace elements were higher near metallurgical plants. Cadmium, Сu, Mn, Ni, Sr, Pb and Zn were originated from industry and transport; electrometallurgical plant was source of Cr; Al, Co, and Fe derived from local soils and pavement erosion; As, Hg and Sb were the tracers of coal-fired power stations emission. Ingestion was a major exposure way of toxic elements in the dust. The results suggested that there was no significant potential health risk to both children and adults from exposure to any elements in road dust. The cancer risk for adults and children from exposure to As, Cd, Cr, and Pb was found to be at the acceptable or tolerable level.The study deals with the contamination of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr and Zn) in road dust collected from Chelyabinsk urban area.

Comparative analysis of anatomical structure of wood plant leaf under exposure to volatile organic compounds

Industrial enterprises of thermal power engineering, fuel, chemical and petrochemical industry, mechanical engineering, non-ferrous metallurgy are sources of volatile organic compounds, the emissions of which can now reach a significant amount due to changes in technological processes. Studying the effect of volatile organic compounds on changes in anatomical parameters of a plant sheet is a little-studied aspect compared to exposure to oxides of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, ammonia, heavy metals. The aim of the work was therefore to study the anatomical features of the tree leaf as adaptive features under the influence of emissions from industrial plants containing selected volatile organic compounds. Time preparations of the cross section of the leaf were used for anatomical studies. The thickness of the epidermis, the mesophyll, the number of upper and lower epideric cells, the number of wellheads and their width, the size of the conductive beam, the palisadity coefficient (the ratio of the thickness of the columnar mesophyll to the sum of the thickness of the columnar and spongy mesophyll) and the oral index (the ratio of the number of wellheads to the total number of epidermal cells). Impressions of the upper and lower epidermis were made with colorless varnish. As objects for studying the features of the anatomy of the leaf were chosen the leaves of a number of species of wood plants, which are among the most common near the industrial enterprises of the city of Gomel: drooping birch Betula pendula Roth., maple holly Acer platanoides L. Leaf samples were taken in the zone of influence of emissions of industrial enterprises containing xylenes and butylacetate (JSC «Gomel plant leaves and normals»), as well as benz(a)pyrene (heat and power plant). As a result of the studies, the cells of the columnar mesophyll in the birch leaves were found to have the greatest sensitivity to organic toxicants (xylenes and butylacetate) at the end of the vegetation compared to the maple holly leaves and the parameters of the spongy mesophyll. Drooping birch was characterized as the species in which sclerenchyma in the region of the conducting bundle under technogenic conditions was the thinnest, especially at the beginning of the growing period. Also in birch, when growing around industrial plants, there was a decrease in the number of cells of the upper and lower epidermis compared to control in most variants, especially the upper epidermis in samples exposed to xylenes and butylacetate at the beginning of the growing period. Maple holly showed a more intense decrease in the number of oysters and the value of the oral index compared to control than birch. When exposed to the benz(a)pyrene of heat and power plant emissions, both wood plant species studied showed an increase in mesophyll palisadity coefficient during the most intensive sheet plate formation processes. The conducting bundles of the studied wood plants were characterized by a decrease in the largest diameter when growing under technogenic conditions, most intensively in may at the maple holly. In general, the study of anatomical features of leaf plates of wood plants when growing in the area of exposure to volatile organic compounds of industrial emissions is great interest in terms of understanding the adaptive mechanisms of plants to stress conditions. The seasonal dynamics of changes in anatomical parameters in the birch leaf was characterized by a decrease in their values in most cases in september compared to may in the territory of the industrial enterprises under consideration. In maple holly approximately in equal amounts there was both a decrease and an increase in anatomical parameters between may and september.

THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EMISSIONS INFLUENCE FROM INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES ON POLLUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN THE ZAVODSKYI DISTRICT OF ZAPORIZHZHYA

The city ofZaporizhzhyais one of the most technologically developed cities ofUkrainewith significant scientific and technical and production potential. The basis of the city's industry is a metallurgical complex, which has a great influence on the state of atmospheric air. This problem is especially acute in the Zavodskyi district of Zaporizhzhya with a significant concentration of enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, which inevitably emphasizes the urgency of the decision of health care issues of the population living in the area.The article is devoted to the estimation of risk for population health from emissions of the industrial enterprises in the Zavodskyi district of Zaporizhzhya. As part of the stationary source’s emissions of industrial enterprises, there are various chemical compounds, of which the most common are dust, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, phenol, sulfuretted hydrogen, and others. Getting them into the human body leads to deterioration of health, damage to organs and systems, the emergence of chronic diseases.The values of the risk factors for inhalation exposure exceed the permissible level for sulfuretted hydrogen, phenol, formaldehyde, carbon bisulfide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dio-xide, suspended solids, ammonia in the Zavodsky district. They are at medium and high le-vels, indicating that there is a risk of adverse effects in most of the population.It was established as a result of research, that in the majority of the population of the Zavodskyi district of Zaporizhzhya there is possibility to get respiratory organs diseases, organs of vision diseases, circulatory, cardiovascular and central nervous systems diseases, congenital defects of development at acute inhalation effects.

ECOLOGOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONNECTION OF LUNG CANCER MORBIDITY WITH ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY CARCINOGENS IN PETROCHEMICAL PROFILE REGIONS

Aim. To study the dynamics of lung cancer (LC) morbidity among the population of five cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan over the period from 2010 to 2016 and the structure of industrial emissions for grounding of adequate integral index, connected with LC morbidity and development of preventive measures to decrease malignant neoplasms. Materials and methods. The structure of gross emissions of industrial enterprises and ecologohygienic assessment of atmospheric air was conducted according to the materials of the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Bashkortostan for 2010-2016. Lung cancer morbidity in the above mentioned territories was studied by the materials of Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary. To estimate the influence of gross emissions on LC morbidity, modeling technique, adequate to panel analysis of spatially dynamic structural data, was applied. Results. The assessment of carcinogenic risk of atmospheric air emissions, taking into account not separate carcinogens, but their combined effect as substances with similarly directed impact, detected accurate correlation of dependence of high LC morbidity on the resultant carcinogens action. Conclusions. High LC morbidity in the cities of Bashkortostan is connected with high gross emission of carcinogens into the atmospheric air. Information on gross emissions of carcinogens and their structure can serve as an integral criterion of atmospheric pollution impact on lung cancer morbidity.

Sеed productivity and quality of Picea abies and P. pungens in the Kriviy Rih plantations

Reproductive capability is considered as one of indicators of successful introduction; it helps to evaluate adaptation potential of plants, especially in techogenic conditions. The aim of our work is to research morphometric parameters of cones, profitability and seed quality of Рісеа аbies та P. pungens in the plantations with various levels of aerotechnogenic influence in conditions of an industrial city in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The objects of the studying were the cones of 30–40-year-old trees of P. аbies та P. pungens from eight different plantations situated along the whole city of Kryvyi Rih (126 km) and having various levels of technogenic pollution. We revealed that the maximal length of cone in two investigated species (108,4 and 88,7 mm respectively), width (28,6 and 24,7 mm); the highest seedling vigour (41,0 and 7,2 %), laboratory germination (54,2 and 20,6 %), seed mass (6,9 and 4,2 g), and length of germ (18,5 and 13,8 mm) are noted in the trees from Botanical Garden. The minimal values of all the same indices were ascertained for the trees growing near the metallurgical combine “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”: length of cones – 92,3 and 73,9 mm; width of cones – 26,2 and 22,4 mm; as well as the lowest seedling vigour (2,4 and 1,4 %); laboratory germination (5,0 and 2,0 %), seed mass (5,4 and 3,4 g), and length of germ (12,6 and 5,4 mm). The general seed quantity for a cone of P. аbies та P. pungens, in all the plantation types, varied from 203,9 to 217,2 seeds and from 198,6 to 204,3 ones respectively. The least part of fertile seeds (11,5–13,3 %), and the biggest part of sterile (56,5–58,7 %) and underdeveloped (29,8–30,1 %) ones were noted in the plants of P. pungens directly exposed to emissions of industrial enterprises; for the plants of P. abies the same indices were 20,2–22,5 %; 51,5–52,6 % та 26,0–27,2 % respectively. Therefore, increasing level of techogenic pollution by air pollutants, which is observed during some last years, oppresses the generative sphere of species of genus Рісеа in conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

Optimization of the Process of Air Purification from Dichloromethane in a Biofilter with an Irrigated Layer by Mathematical Modeling

Methods for design of biocatalysts based on modeling and subsequent experimental verification of the model allow maximal use of the destructive potential of a consortia of microorganisms to optimize the functioning of biological filters used in the purification of gas-air emissions of industrial enterprises from volatile halogenated compounds such as dichloromethane. For an increase in the duration and efficiency of biofilters’ operation a systematic approach using methods of system biology and computer mathematical modeling is proposed. The application of this approach allowed us to consider complex regulatory interactions and the entire spectrum of metabolic features of the biological system. Simulation of the air purification process made it possible to select effective regimes in which the conversion of dichloromethane reached 90% at an inlet concentration of 100 mg/m3 and 50–60% at an inlet concentration up to 500 mg/m3.

Assessment of atmospheric pollution in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny with emissions from motor vehicles and industrial enterprises

The information on existing stationary sources of atmospheric pollution, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, factual emissions was collected and analyzed within the framework of the present study. On-site investigations of the structure and intensity of the traffic flow on the main thoroughfares of Naberezhnye Chelny were conducted. Based on the obtained data, a summary calculation of 143 pollutantswas carried out, taking into account those, included in 28 summation groups;maps of distribution of air pollution level throughout the city were drawn and analyzed for each substance, first-ever for Naberezhnye Chelny. Based on the results of calculation of pollutants dispersion, a forecast was made for the concentrations of pollutants in the residential area of the city. The substances and summation groups, for which maximum permissible concentration is likely to be exceeded (carbonic oxide, nitrogen dioxide and the summation groups, formed by these substances) were detected. Along major automobile highways and interchanges, the zones with expected values of maximum surface concentrations of more than 1 MPC were observed for carbonic oxide To estimate the relative share of emissions from stationary and mobile sources, the calculation was carried out, without taking into account the vehicles and enterprises of the motor transport complex. It was found, that the calculated emissions of carbon oxide and nitrogen dioxide by stationary sources, in comparison with mobile sources, are not so significant and cause no more than 0.1 MPC. By the nature of spatial distribution, two distinctly different groups of pollutants were defined: mainly contained in emissions of industrial enterprises, and coming into the atmospheric air, mainly with emissions from automotive transport

Оценка загрязнения атмосферного воздуха Южного Прибайкалья выбросами промышленных предприятий

Оценка загрязнения атмосферного воздуха Южного Прибайкалья выбросами промышленных предприятий