Emission Peak Research Articles

Gold Coordination-Accelerated Multi-Resonance TADF Emission for Efficient Solution-Processible Ultrapure Deep-Blue OLEDs.

Multi-resonance (MR) type emitters have emerged as highly promising candidates for high-resolution organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emissions with simultaneous short excited state lifetimes and ultrapure blue color (a CIEy close to 0.046 and an emission peak >440 nm) have rarely been obtained for MR emitters. Herein, we report a design of dual gold-coordinated MR molecules to achieve efficient and short-lived ultrapure blue TADF emission. The dinuclear Au(I) complex, namely iPrAuBN, shows a narrowband deep-blue emission with a peak maximum of 448 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 29 nm in doped film. The coordination with two Au atoms significantly shortens the delayed fluorescence lifetime to 7.8 μs in comparison to 60.6 μs for the parental organic analogue. Solution-processed OLED doped with iPrAuBN demonstrates an ultrapure blue electroluminescence with a peak maximum of 442 nm, a FWHM of 19 nm, CIE coordinates of (0.154, 0.036), and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.8 %.

Temperature dependence of Ce luminescence characteristics in LaBr3: Ce crystal

Despite the large interest in the scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce, a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanism of temperature-dependence properties of Ce luminescence remains elusive. This study introduces a self-designed spectral apparatus to explore these properties in LaBr3:5%Ce. We observed a redshift phenomenon and band changes in the emission peak bands, indicating a reduction of the bond length between Ce and the host with increasing temperature. Moreover, the probability of low-energy peak emission decreases and the probability of high-energy peak emission increases, with increasing temperature was observed, suggesting a correlation with the proximity of Ce's 4f energy level to the valence band. Utilizing intensity parameters from the spectra, we identified the impact of temperature on LaBr3:Ce's self-absorption effect, revealing a significant self-absorption effect at the high-energy peak for the first time. A simple self-absorption model indicated that, despite high quantum efficiency of Ce, the overall self-absorption is minimal, establishing a correlation between the self-absorption coefficient of the high-energy peak and overall absorption. This research offers insights for developing radiation-resistant high-temperature luminescent devices and advances the field of high-temperature luminescent materials.

Investigation of the Structure and Optical Properties of Polymethine-Based NIR-II Fluorophores Using Many-Body Perturbation Theory: GW-BSE Approaches.

Fluorescence imaging is a widely used technique for detecting pathophysiological microenvironments and guiding fluorescence-guided therapy owing to its noninvasiveness, high spatiotemporal resolution, ease of operation, and real-time monitoring capabilities. In particular, NIR-II materials are promising for fluorescence imaging applications because they exhibit reduced light scattering and absorption by biological tissues, enabling deeper imaging with improved spatial resolution and contrast compared to visible or first near-infrared imaging. NIR-II materials refer to those that emit in the second near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, spanning wavelengths from approximately 1000 to 1700 nm. The emission peaks of organic fluorophores within the NIR-II window are of particular interest due to their minimal biotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this study, we investigated a new series of NIR-II fluorescent polymethine-based dyes and their NIR-II absorption properties using density functional theory and the GW-BSE approximation. Our calculated maximum absorption peak under the GW-BSE approximation showed good agreement with experimental results, demonstrating the potential of these dyes for NIR-II fluorescence imaging applications.

Mitochondria-Targeted NIR Ratiometric and Colorimetric Fluorescent Probe for Biothiols Based on a Thiol-Chromene Click Reaction.

In this work, a mitochondria-targeted NIR ratiometric and colorimetric fluorescent probe 1 was tactfully designed and synthesized by a novel design strategy of modifying chromene to pyridine for the first time. 1 exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 508 nm and a maximum fluorescence emission peak at 650 nm. Under the stimulus of biothiols (cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH)), the maximum absorption and fluorescence emission peaks of 1 blue-shifted to 448 and 541 nm, respectively, along with color changes from red to yellow under visible light and from red to green under a 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) lamp, which can be ascribed to the click reaction of biothiols with the α,β-unsaturated ketone of the chromene moiety with pyran ring-opening, phenol formation, and 1,6-elimination of the p-hydroxybenzyl moiety. 1 detected biothiols (Cys, GSH, and Hcy) with high sensitivity (LODs of 29, 23, and 16 nM for Cys, GSH, and Hcy, respectively), excellent selectivity, and fast response. Moreover, 1 can target mitochondria and image the fluctuation of intracellular biothiols by dual-emission channels.

Down-conversion luminescence and thermometric properties of novel orange-red Bi2Mo3O12:Pr3+ phosphors

Bi2Mo3O12: Pr3+ phosphors have been successfully synthesized through a one-step solid-state reaction method. The effects of Pr3+ concentration on lattice constants and optical properties were also studied. XRD patterns showed well-crystallized monoclinic structures for the prepared Bi2Mo3O12 and Bi2Mo3O12: Pr3+ samples. The UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra indicated strong absorption in the ultraviolet region. Excitation spectra demonstrated that the Bi2Mo3O12: Pr3+ could be efficiently excited under UV light in the 250–430 nm range and blue light at 450 nm. By varying the excitation wavelength, the emission color could be tuned from orange-red to red region. The strongest emission peak is located at around 597 nm, which is attributed to the 1D2→3H4 transition of Pr3+. An optical thermometer based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) shows a high sensitivity of Sr = 2.02 % K−1, indicating the developed materials have potential applications in the optical temperature sensing field.

Dual-emissive carbon dots with high-color purity from sweet basil leaves: synthesis, characterization and optical properties

Abstract In this study, we synthesized dual-emission carbon dots (CDs) from sweet basil leaves dissolved in hexane using the hydrothermal method. Extensive analyses were carried out on their morphology, structure, and optical properties. The CDs show a spherical shape and highly disordered structure with an average diameter of 2 nm. They predominantly comprise carbon surrounded by a dense shell layer of oxygen and nitrogen-related functional groups. Under excitation at a single wavelength of 380 nm, the CDs emit two distinct peaks at 450 and 675 nm demonstrating a narrow bandwidth emission with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 72 and 27 nm, respectively. The emission characteristics of the CDs are ascribed to the combined effects of radiative recombination of the carbon-core and fully passivated surface states, resulting in two distinct emission peaks and excitation-independent emission property. We present a highly effective and eco-friendly approach approach to fabricate luminescent CDs exhibiting dual emission properties derived from sustainable resources, holding promise for utilization in bioimaging.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Carbon Dots for Ratiometric Fluorometric Determination of Mercury Ions.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were prepared for dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence determination of mercury ions (Hg2+). The dual-emission N, S-CDs were synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment. When excited with visible light, N,S-CDs exhibited two emission peaks at 390 and 500nm. Notably, the presence of Hg2+ caused a considerable decrease in the fluorescence of N, S-CDs at 500nm, mainly due to the static quenching effect. In comparison, the fluorescence at 390nm was almost unchanged. With a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 µM for Hg2+, the N, S-CDs were successfully applied to the unlabeled ratiometric fluorescence determination of Hg2+ in actual water samples with good recoveries (94.5-107.8%). In conclusion, this developed ratiometric fluorescent sensor provides a reliable, environmentally friendly, rapid, and efficient platform for detecting Hg2+ in environmental applications.

Efficient Deep-Blue Fluorescent OLEDs Based on a D-π-A Emitter Profiting From Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and a Hybridized Excited State.

High performance deep-blue emitters with a Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of CIEy≤0.08 are highly desired in ultrahigh-definition displays. Herein, we designed and synthesized an efficient D-π-A deep-blue emitter, 2-(6-([1,1' : 3',1''-terphenyl]-5'-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d] imidazole (mPTPH), using the synergistic effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond (H-bond) and hybridized excited state. Single-crystal structure analysis confirmed that there exist intra- and intermolecular H-bond interactions which could inhibit the structure vibration and increase photoluminescence efficiency. The photophysical and theoretical results show that mPTPH exhibited hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) feature with strong deep-blue emission. Ultimately, the non-doped device based on mPTPH exhibited high maximum luminance of 20610 cd m-2. The doped device achieved high maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.4 % and small efficiency roll-off with deep-blue emission peak of 413 nm and CIE coordinate of (0.16, 0.08).

Influence of Zinc Ion Concentration on the Structural, Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Zinc Selenide Thin Films

ZnSe thin films were deposited on nonconducting glass substrates using different Zn[Formula: see text] ion concentrations. The films were deposited at 80[Formula: see text]C for 2.0[Formula: see text]h via photo-assisted chemical bath technique and annealed for 2.0[Formula: see text]h at 250[Formula: see text]C. X-ray diffraction revealed a hexagonal structure with preferred orientation along the (002) plane and the average crystallite size decreased from 10.5[Formula: see text]nm to 6.8[Formula: see text]nm with increased Zn[Formula: see text] ions. Raman spectra were used to confirm ZnSe phonon modes whose intensity increased with Zn[Formula: see text] ion concentrations although with fluctuation. Optical analysis showed higher absorbance and low transmittance in the visible region than near infrared making the thin films good materials for selective absorber surfaces. The band gap increased from 2.52[Formula: see text]eV to 2.78[Formula: see text]eV as the Zn[Formula: see text] ion concentration varied from 0.05% to 0.25%. The presence of the desired elements was confirmed by the EDS. Photoluminescence studies revealed three emission peaks which were all ascribed to defect state levels in ZnSe and all the samples emitted in reddish color according to CIE color chromaticity analysis. The selective absorption, wide band gap and broad emission properties suggest that the material is promising for optoelectronic applications.

Cerium-infused tungstate nanocrystals: Illuminating the future of solid-state lighting

Rare earth based luminescent materials have emerged as a focal point of the scientific investigation owing to their remarkable optical behaviour and potential applications. An effort has been made to develop a series of Ce3+ doped CaWO4 nano-phosphors using an ethylene-glycol assisted reflux route. The detailed structural and morphological properties have been examined through various analytical techniques. The +3-oxidation state of the activator ion Ce has been verified through the XPS study. The change in optical band gap due to the substitution is well discussed using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In Photoluminescence study, a broad emission centred at 465 nm is observed due to the 5D3/2→2FJ transitions (J = 7/2 and 5/2) and a significant enhancement in the emission peak is obtained for the optimized phosphor. Concentration quenching phenomenon, observed after 3 mol% of Ce3+ is mainly mediated by the electric multipole-multipole type interaction. The CIE diagram indicates the tuning of emission colour from blue to white region and the emission near white region for the optimized phosphor is further authenticated by its low colour purity value (43 %). The effective tunability of photo-physical properties and colorimetric parameters suggest the applicability of the optimized nano-phosphor in solid state lighting especially for outdoor illumination.

Preparation and Characterization of Au Quantum Dots Using Laser in Benzene and Study of the Pulse Energy effect on Quantum Size

Here, findings from a study on pulsed laser ablating of noble Au targets submerged in benzene solvent and a study on the effect of pulse energy on quantum size are presented. Three samples of gold quantum dots (AuQDs) are synthesized at pulse fluence of 4, 8, and 12 J/cm2, which is referred to as F1, F2, and F3, respectively. The prepared AuQDs were characterized by UV-Vis, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, EDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence measurement. AuQDs that were synthesized have monocrystalline and cubic (FCC) structure, according to XRD patterns. It was found that the direct optical energy gap of AuQDs is enhanced to 2.6 eV. The emission peak of AuQDs photoluminescence emission spectra is at roughly 481, 445, and 437 nm, for F1, F2, F3 samples, respectively. The quantum size was reduced to 2 nm for sample F3. This strategy has the ability to prepare pure AuQDs in one step, with promising biosensor and bioimaging applications.

Fe7S8 nanosheets- catalyzed colorimetric and fluorescence dual ratio sensing for high selectivity detection of ascorbic acid

By using Fe7S8 nanosheets (NSs) as catalyst, O-phenylenediamine (OPD) as chromogenic substrate, H2O2 as oxidant, and ascorbic acid (AA) as regulator, a dual ratio colorimetric and fluorescence sensing system for determining AA was constructed. The inherent peroxidase like activity of Fe7S8 NSs enables it to catalyze the oxidation of OPD in the existence of H2O2, resulting in the formation of yellow-colored 2, 3-diaminophenazine (DAP) with a characteristic absorption peak at 450 nm and a fluorescence emission peak at 560 nm. However, the presence of AA could suppress the oxidation of OPD and induce the generation of quinoxaline derivative (QXD) 3-(dihydroxyethyl) furo [3,4-b] quinoxaline-1-one with absorption and fluorescence emission peaks located at 345 and 435 nm, respectively. Thus, employing the absorption of QXD at 345 nm and emission at 435 nm as the reporting signals, and the absorption of DAP at 450 nm and emission at 560 nm as the reference signals, a ratio colorimetric (A345/A450) and ratio fluorescence (F435/F560) dual signal detection method for AA was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the value of A345/A450 was found to be linear with AA concentration in the ranges of 1.0–40 μM and 40–100 μM, and the value of F435/F560 was strongly correlated with AA concentration in the ranges of 1.0–30 μM and 30–100 μM. When applied for the assay of AA in human serum samples, an acceptable recovery ranging from 93.1 to 106.6 % was obtained, confirming the potential of the sensing system in practical applications.

Geometrically isomeric [Ir(C^N)(C’^N’)(N’’^O)-tris-heteroleptic [Ir(dFppy)(CN-ppz)(pic)] Ir(III)-complexes with blue-light: Forwards to efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes

Despite the great success of Ir(III)-complex-based green/red-light OLEDs (OLED = organic light-emitting diode), the realization of their efficient blue-OLEDs is far behind and challenging. Herein, using HdFppy (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine) and CN-ppzH (4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile) as the HC^N/HC’^N’ ligands and Hpic (2-picolinic acid) as the N’’^O-ancillary ligand, the [Ir(C^N)(C’^N’)(N’’^O)]-tris-heteroleptic molecular design strategy was adopted, obtaining the two [Ir(dFppy)(CN-ppz)(pic)]-configured blue-emitting (λPL (photoluminescence emission peak) = 466, 496(sh) nm; ΦPL (photoluminescence quantum efficiency) = 0.41–0.46) geometrical isomers 1a and 1b. Further through the doped and vacuum-deposited fabrication, their blue-OLEDs-1A/1B with the LMax (maximum luminance) values up to 18090–22528 cd/m2 and the ηEQEMax (maximum external quantum efficiency) sizes of 7.99–8.42 %, were realized, respectively. This study result shows that [Ir(dFppy)(CN-ppz)(pic)]-included [Ir(C^N)(C’^N’)(N’’^O)]-tris-heteroleptic Ir(III)-complexes can be used as the attractive blue-phosphor candidates forwards to efficient blue-OLEDs.

Self-assembly of S,N-codoped Ce/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for fluorescence and visual detection of hexavalent chromium.

Ce2(SO4)3 was doped into 4,6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine (DAMP)-encapsulated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) via a facile, rapid, low-temperature, and green self-assembly synthesis method to obtain fluorescent S,N-codoped Cu/Ce-DAMP nanoparticles (S,N-codoped Cu/CeNPs) for the detection of Cr(VI). The prepared Cu/CeNPs exhibit double emission peaks at 470nm and 610nm. Thefluorescence emission at 610nm is significantly enhanced due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect, and the quantum yield is as high as 20.19%. The fluorescence emission at 610nm can be selectively quenched by Cr(VI) due to the internal filter effect (IFE) and dynamic quenching, whereas the weak fluorescence at 470nm remains almost stable. On this basis, a fluorescence assay method for Cr(VI) was established, with good linearity in the concentration range 0.5-120µM and a detection limit (LOD) of 134nM. Using a smartphone to take photos of the fluorescence signals changes caused by Cr(VI) rapid visual detectionis achieved with a linear range of 10-130 μM and a LOD of 2.35 μM. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of Cr(VI) in actual water samples.

Violet Perovskite Quantum Dots of MA3Bi2Br9 and MA3Bi2Br6Cl3 Synthesized by the Cb‐LARP Method with Tunable Emission Wavelengths in Range of 379–400 nm

AbstractViolet‐emitting perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are of great significance for theoretical and experimental research aimed at promoting the development of environmentally friendly violet light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Nevertheless, the synthesis of violet perovskite QDs via ligand‐assisted reprecipitation is challenging due to the significant bandgap. A simple and economical cryo‐bonding ligand‐assisted reprecipitation (Cb‐LARP) method is proposed as a means of synthesizing deep violet lead‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) QDs, with the objective of increasing the bandgap in the material. The MA3Bi2Br9 QDs synthesized by the Cb‐LARP method exhibit bright violet luminescence at 400 nm, with a PLQY of 50.1%. Moreover, the photoluminescence peak of the QDs can be adjusted from 402 to 393 nm by modifying the final reaction time. It is noteworthy that the MA3Bi2Br6Cl3 QDs exhibited ultraviolet emission at 379 nm, corresponding to a PLQY of 35.4%. Similarly, the emission peak of the QDs can be tuned from 379 to 376 nm by changing the final reaction time. The results demonstrate that the deep violet emitting OIHP QDs have been successfully synthesized. This study provides a theoretical reference for short‐wavelength perovskite materials and an experimental reference for the study of violet and UV quantum‐dot light‐emitting diode devices.

Investigation on the structural, optical, photoluminescence, and antimicrobial properties of charged surfactants (CTAB, SDS), and uncharged surfactant (PEG) assisted ZnO/MgO nanocomposites

Different surfactants (CTAB, SDS, and PEG) assisted ZnO/MgO nanocomposites were synthesized by wet chemical route. The hexagonal/cubic system of ZnO/MgO was obtained in the XRD patterns for all synthesized composites.Particle morphologies were tuned in each surfactant in the SEM studies. The synthesized composites related entities were traced by EDX analysis. Narrow band gaps were found in the optical absorption spectra of the composites. Prominent visible emission peaks were detected at 680 nm in all synthesized ZnO/MgO from the PL measurement.The antimicrobial activity of CTAB-assisted ZnO/MgO was analysed against E.coli and S. aureus, and its results were discussed in detail.

Exploration of value-added soybean oil cake based carbon quantum dots for in-vitro biomedical applications

Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) enthused the inquisitiveness of investigators in biomedicine due to their distinctive features including minimal toxicity, superior water solubility and biocompatibility. This study uses an environmental friendly hydrothermal approach to create high-fluorescent agricultural residue-derived carbon quantum dots from Soybean Oil Cake (SOC). The synthesized SOCC-Dots were examined by physiochemical techniques such as High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Zeta potential and Raman Spectroscopy. The absorption peak at 275 nm is evident due to the presence of C = O bonds of π→π* transition. The synthesized SOCC-Dots demonstrated the existence of several functional groups OH, C = O, and CO stretching vibration. The particles collected display spherical morphology with an average of 3.25 nm size by HR-TEM analysis spectra. The photoluminescence showed stability against various excitation wavelengths and had a maximum emission peak at 445 nm. Anti-inflammatory activity is tested using a Bovine serum assay displaying significant results of 87.4 % for SOCC-dots at a concentration of 50 µg/mL due to their superior biocompatibility and water solubility. The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation showed an 85 % survival rate among nauplii after 48 h at concentrations of 80 µg/mL, and the antioxidant activity exhibited outstanding performance, achieving an 87 % efficacy rate for SOCC-dots at a concentration of 50 μg/mL

Preparation of g-C3N4 from mixed ammonium salts containing NH4SCN and characterization of its cobalt-modified photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde

This paper aims to achieve high-quality utilization of desulfurization waste liquid mixed salt. CN-MIX was prepared through pyrolysis of a mixture containing ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium thiosulfate, and ammonium sulfate. Additionally, CN-MIX/Co-a was produced via an impregnation-pyrolysis method with cobalt modification. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated using the formaldehyde degradation rate as an index, and their stability was tested. The results indicate that the specific surface area and pore volume of CN-MIX/Co-a increase by 1.53-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared to CN prepared from single salt. The cobalt loading inhibits the thermal polymerization of CN-MIX, leading to a reduction in the intensity of the (002) crystal diffraction peaks. Additionally, CN-MIX/Co-a exhibits an increase in the CN peak at 2000–2200 cm−1, generating more photocatalytic active sites. The absorption sideband in the visible range red-shifts from 429 nm to 458 nm, broadening the photoresponse range. The emission peak in the photoluminescence (PL) diagram decreases, reducing the photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate. The photocatalyst demonstrates enhanced photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde gas, with the degradation rate of CN-MIX/Co-a increasing from 13.28 % to 99.2 %. Furthermore, after eight cycles of use, the degradation efficiency of CN-MIX/Co-a for formaldehyde remains above 90 %, indicating high stability.

Enhancement of luminescence and thermal stability in Eu3+-doped K3Y(BO2)6 with Li+ and Na+ co-doping

Eu3+-doped and Li+/Na+ co-doped K3Y(BO2)6 (KYBO) phosphors were synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel method, and their structural and photoluminescent (PL) characteristics were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement confirm effective dopant incorporation and preservation of the crystalline structure. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates the maintenance of the borate structure, confirming the structural integrity of the phosphors upon doping. The addition of Li+ and Na+ co-dopants notably enhances luminescent efficiency and thermal stability, making these phosphors promising candidates for solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. PL analysis reveals strong red emission peaks at 612 nm, attributed to the 5Do → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The study indicates that electric dipole-quadrupole interactions are the primary mechanism for energy migration, with a critical distance of approximately 22.68 Å. This mechanism contributes to concentration quenching at higher doping levels. High temperature PL measurements indicated an activation energy of 0.1389 eV for thermal quenching in the Li+ co-doped sample. Additionally, the Na+ co-doped sample exhibited an abnormal thermal stability behavior, with an even higher activation energy of 0.2536 eV. This suggests that Na+ co-doping significantly enhances the thermal resilience of the phosphor, making it more suitable for high-power light-emitting applications that operate under extreme conditions. CIE chromaticity diagrams highlight the potential for optimizing Eu3+ doping levels, combined with Li+ and Na+ co-doping, to improve luminescent performance and thermal stability for advanced SSL applications.

Carbon footprints: Uncovering spatiotemporal dynamics of global container ship emissions during 2015–2021

The proposed “peak carbon” and “carbon neutral” targets have catapulted the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the shipping industry into a global focal point. Given their pivotal role in global trade, the worldwide movements of container ships provide insights for decision-making in maritime shipping CO2 emission mitigation. This paper employs Automatic Identification System (AIS) trajectory data from 2015 to 2021 to estimate the global carbon emissions of container shipping through a bottom-up methodology, allocating emissions on a 1° × 1° grid. Additionally, it delves into the evolving trends in CO2 emissions from 2015 to 2021, conducts spatial autocorrelation analysis, identifies hot spots, examines the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of global container ship CO2 emissions, and analyzes the emission characteristics of major ocean shipping routes. The findings reveal a temporal pattern in global emissions from container shipping, characterized by an initial decrease followed by a rebound, notably declining from 217 million tons in 2016 to 148 million tons in 2020, and subsequently rising to 168 million tons in 2021. The spatial distribution of CO2 exhibits pronounced heterogeneity, marked by notable spatial dependence and aggregation tendencies. The spatial distribution of annual emissions from container shipping demonstrates a similar pattern, with peak emission clusters predominantly concentrated along the coastline and major ocean shipping routes. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of carbon emissions from container shipping with high spatial and temporal resolution, facilitating a detailed analysis of emission patterns and influencing factors. Furthermore, the outcomes offer a scientific foundation and decision-making support for environmentally sustainable practices in the global maritime shipping.