AbstractGathering clean energy from fuel feedstocks is of paramount significance in environmental science. In this area, desulfurization provides a valuable contribution by eliminating sulfur compounds from fuel feedstocks to ensure they can be used without emission of toxic sulfur oxides. MoO3 nanoparticles have been hydrothermally synthesized and used as efficient catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of methylphenyl and diphenyl sulfide using TBHP or H2O2 as oxidant. The catalyst showed an enhancement in the ODS process of the two substrates revealing influence on the reaction rate and product selectivity. Temperature and solvent influenced the conversion for the desired product as well. The activity of the catalyst was stable for at least 3 continuous catalytic cycles. Catalytic performance of MoO3 nanomaterial was comparable or better than other catalysts reported in the literature in terms of the sulfoxide or sulfone yield.