Emission Of Noxious Gases Research Articles

Investigating Respiratory Disease Transmission Patterns Around the Figuil Cement Works

The objective of this research is to examine the dissemination of respiratory illnesses, exacerbated by the airborne pollutants emitted by the Figuil cement works, among the local population residing in the vicinity. The primary objective is to examine the impact of pollution, particularly the emission of fine particles and noxious gases, on the transmission of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and other lung disorders. The modified SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) epidemiological model is employed for the analysis of transmission dynamics within the community. This model incorporates environmental, health and demographic variables, thereby enabling the simulation of disease transmission as a function of varying pollution levels. Particular emphasis is placed on vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly, due to immunosenescence, who are more likely to suffer from the adverse effects of pollution. The results will facilitate the formulation of efficacious strategies, including the implementation of awareness-raising campaigns and the introduction of sophisticated systems for the filtration and capture of pollutants at their source, such as fine particle filters or devices for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), with the objective of limiting the spread of respiratory diseases in at-risk areas and the formulation of suitable control measures.

Strategies for reducing noxious gas emissions in pig production: a comprehensive review on the role of feed additives.

The emission of noxious gases is a significant problem in pig production, as it can lead to poor production, welfare concerns, and environmental pollution. The noxious gases are the gasses emitted from the pig manure that contribute to air pollution. The increased concentration of various harmful gasses can pose health risks to both animals and humans. The major gases produced in the pig farm include methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and volatile fatty acids, which are mainly derived from the fermentation of undigested or poorly digested nutrients. Nowadays research has focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a healthy farm environment that helps animal production. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, dietary enzymes, and medicinal plants in animal diets has been explored as a means of reducing harmful gas emissions. This review paper focuses on the harmful gas emissions from pig farm, the mechanisms of gas production, and strategies for reducing these emissions. Additionally, various methods for reducing gas in pigs, including probiotic interventions; prebiotic interventions, dietary enzymes supplementation, and use of medicinal plants and organic acids are discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on reducing noxious gas in pigs and offers valuable insights for pig producers, nutritionists, and researchers working in this area.

Concentration of noxious gases inside and outside residential apartments across different settlements in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria

The proliferation of harmful gases is a major global problem caused by anthropogenic activities. This study hypothesized that the emission of noxious gases varies seasonally in indoor and outdoor environments. Air samples were collected from 40 georeferenced residential areas ( N = 40) in Port Harcourt using Aeroqual 500 monitor to measure six gases: CH4, CO, NH4, NO2, O3, and SO2. Samples were collected at different times, locations, and seasons. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant difference in concentration between gases, times, and locations at p < 0.001. But the interaction effect shows that times and seasons significantly affect noxious gas concentration compared to location. In general, the concentration of CO was the highest, while that of O3 was the lowest. The order of concentration is CO > SO2 > NO2 > CH4 > NH4 > O3. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were higher than the WHO limit, while CO, CH4, NH, and O3 were below the WHO limit. Furthermore, CO concentration was highest in the morning, while NO2 and SO2 concentrations were highest in the evening. For seasons, the CH4, NH4, NO2, and SO2 were higher during the dry season, while CO concentration was higher during the wet season. Pollutant levels should be regularly monitored to help provide exposure advisory to city dwellers on the impact of atmospheric pollution on their health.

Electrochemistry, a tool to enhance self-purification in water systems while preventing the emission of noxious gases (greenhouse gases, H2S, NH3)

Summary This review describes the electrochemical control and stimulation of micro-organisms involved in the bioremediation of sediments and waterlogged soils. This emerging technology is derived from sedimentary microbial fuel cells, and consists of ensuring the respiration of aerobic microbial populations under anaerobic conditions by an anode as the terminal electron acceptor for electrons from microbial respiratory chains. This review describes the conceptual basis of electro-bioremediation, material used, and published implementations, from bench tests to some in-field set-ups.

Effect of Nanoparticles on the Emissions of a C I Engine

Diesel engines are a major source of contributors of emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. An effort has been made to reduce the emission of such noxious gases by the addition and use of oxidizers in the conventional fuel. Neat Diesel is blended with Aluminium Oxide nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles and Iron Oxide nanoparticles. The blending operations were carried out using a probe type ultrasonicator. Flash point and fire point of the blended diesel showed a marked increase, whereas kinematic viscosity showed marginal decrease. Performance tests were carried out on Kirloskar AV1 single cylinder engine. Results show a decrease in the concentration of the pollutants with the use of nanoparticles, which may be attributed to the oxidizing nature of the nanoparticles.

Rebitagem por Fricção (“FricRiveting”) de Liga de Alumínio 6056 T6 e Poliamida 6: Influência da Velocidade de Rotação na Formação da Zona de Ancoragem e no Desempenho Mecânico

Resumo O uso de estruturas híbridas metal-polímero é uma alternativa para a redução de peso e de consumo de combustível na indústria de transporte que visa minimizar a emissão de gases nocivos ao efeito estufa. A Rebitagem por Fricção (‘Friction Riveting) é uma técnica relativamente nova para união de estruturas híbridas metal-polímero. O processo baseia-se na geração de calor friccional entre os componentes resultando na deformação plástica da extremidade do rebite metálico, que é ancorado dentro do componente polimérico. O presente estudo avaliou a viabilidade técnica da união de AA 6056 T6 e PA6, com foco na influência da velocidade de rotação do rebite no desempenho mecânico das juntas. A máxima temperatura atingida no processo aumentou com o acréscimo na velocidade de rotação, de 291 ± 6°C com 10000 rev/min para 375 ± 5°C com 15000 rev/min. A utilização de maiores valores de velocidade de rotação causou a deformação plástica da ponta do rebite durante a fase de fricção. Isso levou a juntas mecanicamente mais resistentes, devido à maior ancoragem do rebite metálico na placa polimérica. As juntas de AA 6056 T6-PA6 apresentaram bom desempenho de resistência à tração atingindo 85% da resistência à tração do rebite metálico. Portanto, verificou-se que é possível unir AA 6056 T6 e PA6 pela técnica de rebitagem por fricção e que a velocidade de rotação influencia diretamente a resistência à tração das juntas.

HYBRID LOCOMOTIVES OVERVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

Nowadays, transportation becomes a significant source, apart from factories and power plants, of air pollution. Therefore, due to legal restrictions on the emission of noxious gases, other power sources for vehicles are necessary. Some of these power sources allow replacement of the internal combustion engine completely, whereas the other ones only support the engine operation. Hence, a hybrid powertrain – alternative to the drivetrain equipped with an internal combustion engine only – is increasingly being used. The hybrid powertrain was mostly applied in cars and buses but recently it has been also used in railway vehicles such as locomotives and multiple units. The paper presents a shortened and brief overview of construction solutions of selected hybrid locomotives. A list of the applied hybrid drive systems as well as the basic data and properties are provided. The most important variants of vehicles are compared. The presented material allows identification of the development trends in the considered area. The hybrid locomotive usually uses an onboard rechargeable energy storage system, placed between the power source and the traction transmission system connected to the wheelsets. Modification of a classic diesel-electric locomotives is a relatively simple procedure since they have all the components of a series hybrid transmission except the storage battery. Therefore, the existing and operated diesel-electric locomotives can be modified to increase their efficiency and reduce operating costs and emissions.

Hydrogeothermal resources in spa areas of Serbia: Main properties and possible improvement of use

Geological complexity of the territory of Serbia is a world curiosity: six main geo-tectonic regions and tens sub-regions are delineated in a small area of 88,000 km2. Geologic origin and regional structure of some areas has long been the subject of discussion. Notable magmatism and associated tectonic events in the Earth's crust provided for a fairly large hydrogeothermal resource potential, which is manifested in more than 250 warm (mainly mineral) springs and more than 100 hydrothermal wells. Thermal springs and wells together discharge some 5 m3/s. This potential is used in part for balneal therapy (waters differ in temperature and chemical composition) in the spa areas of Serbia. The amounts of thermal water unused therapeutically or the amounts of heat energy from unused geo-thermal water may be used in almost all spas for space heating/cooling and thus increase the efficiency of the thermal water energy utilization. This also will be cost-effective, reduce emission of noxious gases, and improve the environmental-health image of the resorts. The hydrogeothermal resources are described for 29 spas with 700 l/s total discharge capacity of water temperature between 25?C and 96?C, or an overall heat energy of 78.40 MWt. Feasibility of additional energy utilization of thermal water in spas is generally considered.

Retrieval and analysis of coal fire temperature in Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China

Coal fire burning around the world is an environmental catastrophe characterized by the emission of noxious gases, particulate matter, and condensation by-products. In this study, coal fire temperature is retrieved based on Landsat 5 TM images and Generalized Single-Channel Algorithm (GSCA), in Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. Then coal fire zones are extracted by Jenks’ natural breaks and threshold methods based on temperature images. Changes of coal fire zones are analyzed from 1989 to 2008. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The coal fire temperature retrieval method based on Landsat 5 TM and the GSCA model is effective and feasible, because the temperature error is relatively small (from −2.9°C to +2.6°C) between the measured temperature and the retrieved temperature. 2) The accuracy is relatively high to extract coal fire zones through the Jenks’ natural breaks and threshold methods, because 83.56% of surveyed area is located in the coal fire zones extracted in 2005. 3) The coal fire area increased 9.81 × 105 m2 from 1989 to 2005, and the annual growth is about 6.1 × 104 m2, with an annual increasing rate of 2.48%. The area of coal fire decreased by 8.1 × 105 m2 from 2005 to 2008.

Effects of Saururus chinensis extract supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and slurry noxious gas emission in finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Saururus chinensis ( S. chinensis) extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose fatty acid composition and slurry noxious gas emission in finishing pigs. A total of 120 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs (54.10 ± 2.13 kg) were randomly allocated into one of the following dietary treatments: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) S1, basal diet with 1 g/kg S. chinensis extract; 3) S2, basal diet with 2 g/kg S. chinensis extract. There were 10 replications per treatment with 4 pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. Throughout the experiment, no significant difference was observed in growth performance or nutrient digestibility among treatments. However, serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations as well as total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio were significantly decreased in pigs fed S2 diet (P < 0.05) compared with those fed diets without S. chinensis extract. Furthermore, the S. chinensis extract administration improved lightness (L*) value (P < 0.05) while having little effects on the fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Providing S2 diet also decreased slurry concentrations of NH 3 (P < 0.05). Taken together, S. chinensis extract administration had only minor effects on finishing pigs with the exception of improving serum lipid protein profile and decreasing the emission of noxious gases from slurry.

Phytoremediation Studies on Coal Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash by Leucaena Leucocephala

P ot culture experiments were conducted by using various % of Soil, Coal Fly Ash and Coal Mine waste as contaminant to study the relative growth characteristics and yield potentials of Leucaena leucocephala .The level of different compositions are Soil (100%), Coal Mine Waste (100%), Coal Fly Ash (100%), Soil + Coal Mine Waste (50:50) %, Soil + Coal Fly Ash (50:50) %.The data on seed germination, growth parameters e.g total length, shoot length, root length, leaf number, total biomass production, chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein was recorded. Index Terms—Pot cultu re experiment, Leucaena leucocephala, Coal fly ash, Coal mine waste I. INTRODUCTI ON Coal wh ich used for thermal power generation is known for its high ash content (40-45 %).Due to low grade of coal and use of inferior model of electrostatic precipitator's higher amount of fly ash evolves. Emission of particulate matters and noxious gases cause environmental hazards because the ash comprises of SiO2, Al2O3 and oxides of iron and other toxic metals. These oxides change the chemical and biochemical composition of the plant grown on fly ash(1). To mitigate pollution due to thermal power plants particularly fly ash, it is essential to select suitable plant species which can easily colonize in fly ash. Fly ash as such is not suitable for plant growth unless it is weathered for some period and organic amendments are added. (2)- (4).One of the most promising use of fly ash is to utilize it for tree plantation purpose which beside land reclamation also helps to lock up the toxic heavy metal present in the fly ash, in the wood biomass for longer periods as compare to crop plants. Present study highlights how Leucaena leucocephala is utilized for removal of pollutants from fly ash. Coal mine spoils vary from neutral to acidic in nature. They are sandy and subjected to severe erosion by wind and rain. In order to check the erosion re-vegetation of mine spoil has become mandatory. Keeping the reclamation and re-vegetation of coal mine spoil and coal fly ash in view a pot culture experiment has been conducted to study the effect of garden soil amended coal fly ash and coal mine spoil with Leucaena leucocephala.

초기 비육돈에서 생균제 첨가 급여가 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 분내 Lactobacillus와 Escherichia coli 농도, 분으로부터의 유해가스 발생량 및 혈중 혈액세포 농도에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 생균제가 첨가된 사료 급여시 초기 비육돈의 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 분내 Lactobacillus와 Escherichia coli 농도, 분으로부터의 유해가스 발생량 및 혈중 혈액세포 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험 개시시 체중이 56.48 <TEX>${\pm}$</TEX> 1.66 kg인 3원 교잡종 [(Landrace <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> Yorkshire) <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> Duroc] 초기 비육돈 60 두를 공시하여 28일간 사양실험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 1) CON (basal diet), 2) P1 (CON + 0.1% probiotics) 및 3) P2 (CON + 0.2% probiotics)로 3개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 일당증체량에 있어서는 처리구간에 아무런 차이를 보이지 않았다(P<0.05). 일당사료섭취량에 있어서는 생균제 첨가 처리구 P1과 P2 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료효율에 있어서는 P2 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 건물소화율은 P2 처리구가 CON과 P1 처리구들보다 높게 나타났다 (P<0.05). 질소소화율에는 아무런 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 에너지 소화율은 P2 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Lactobacillus에 있어서는 처리구 간에 아무런 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 그러나, Escherichia coli에서는 P2 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 분내 암모니아(Ammonia), 황화수소 (<TEX>$H_2S$</TEX>) 및 메캅탄(Mercaptan)의 농도는 생균제가 첨가된 P1과 P2 처리구들이 CON 처리구보다 낮게 나타났다(P< .05). 그러나, Acetic acid에서는 P2 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 적혈구, 백혈구 및 임파구의 혈중농도는 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론적으로, 초기 비육돈에 있어 Agariemycetes 0.2%의 첨가급여는 사료효율, 건물 및 에너지 소화율, 분내 Escherichia coli 수 및 악취 발생을 감소시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타난 것으로 보아 돈사의 유해가스와 악취를 줄여 그에 따르는 생산성 감소 및 질병을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotics supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal concentrations of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, emission of noxious gases from the feces, and circulating concentrations of the blood cells in early-finishing pigs. A total of sixty pigs [(Landrace <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> Yorkshire) <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> Duroc] (initial body weight 56.48 <TEX>${\pm}$</TEX> 1.66 kg) were used for the 28 days feeding trial. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) P1 (CON + 0.1% Agariemycetes) and 3) P2 (CON + 0.2% Agariemycetes). There were three dietary treatments with five replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. There was no significant difference in ADG (average dairy gain) among the treatments (P>0.05). The gain/feed ratio was higher in P2 than CON (P<0.05). The P2 showed the highest digestibility of dry matter and energy (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the fecal Lactobacillus counts but fecal Escherichia coli population of P2 was lower than that of CON (P<0.05). The ammonia, <TEX>$H_2S$</TEX> and total mercaptan was higher in P1 and P2 than CON (P<0.05). Blood characteristics were not affected by probiotics (P>0.05) supplementation. In conclusion, the results showed that dietary supplementation of probiotics at 0.2% level affected gain/feed ratio, dry matter and energy digestibility; reduced fecal Escherichia coli and emission of fecal noxious gases in finishing pigs.

Effect of soybean hull supplementation to finishing pigs on the emission of noxious gases from slurry

Ninety six pigs were assigned on the basis of body weight (BW) to one of four dietary treatments (4 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment) and fed for 4 weeks. Four 14.85% CP diets were formulated to contain graded levels of soybean hulls at 0, 5, 10, or 15%, respectively. The results showed that treatments did not affect growth performance. Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for dry matter (DM) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with the addition level of soybean hulls. Slurry ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N) was not affected with the increased soybean hulls levels, but volatile fatty acids (VFA) were linearly (P < 0.05) increased. Slurry pH and ammonia (NH(3)) emissions were significantly decreased by the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.05). Conversely, slurry hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) emissions exhibited an increase with the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.10). Our data indicate that soybean hulls inclusion can decrease slurry pH value and NH(3) emission without any negative influence on growth performance.

04/01361 Biofuel use and its emission of noxious gases in rural China: Wang, X. and Feng, Z. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2004, 8, (2), 183–192

04/01361 Biofuel use and its emission of noxious gases in rural China: Wang, X. and Feng, Z. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2004, 8, (2), 183–192

Coal fires burning out of control around the world: thermodynamic recipe for environmental catastrophe

Coal fires burning around the world are an environmental catastrophe characterized by the emission of noxious gases, particulate matter, and condensation by-products. Underground mine fires and burning culm banks ignited by natural causes or human error are responsible for atmospheric pollution, acid rain, perilous land subsidence, the destruction of floral and faunal habitats, human fatalities, and increased coronary and respiratory diseases. Some of the oldest and largest coal fires in the world occur in China, the United States, and India. Techniques used to fight coal fires include slurry and ash injection, surface and tunnel sealing, aqueous foam technology, remote sensing, and computer software. Elusive, unpredictable, or cost prohibitive coal fires may burn indefinitely, choking the life out of a community and its environs while consuming a valuable natural resource.

Modern legislation in restraint of the emission of noxious gases from manufacturing operations

Modern legislation in restraint of the emission of noxious gases from manufacturing operations