Emission Energy Research Articles

Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution and driving factors of carbon emission in Shandong Province: based on the perspective of land use

Land use/cover change is the second major contributor to carbon emissions, following energy emissions. Studying provincial land-use carbon emissions is crucial for achieving the “double carbon” goal. This study selects 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province as the research object. It analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of carbon emissions in Shandong Province based on land-use data and energy consumption. In terms of net carbon emissions, this study utilizes the standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation to analyze net carbon emissions change from the municipal and regional perspectives. In terms of carbon ecological carrying capacity, not only the carbon ecological carrying capacity of forest and grassland was considered, but also the carbon ecological carrying capacity of crops in Shandong Province, which is a large grain province. Using the geographic detector to explore the drivers. Research findings indicate that carbon sources and sinks show a clear spatial and temporal distribution pattern, with the center of gravity of net carbon emissions extending to the northeast. Areas with high carbon ecological carrying capacity have high forest coverage, grassland coverage, and crop yields. Regarding driving factors, the urbanization rate, economic aggregate, and technological progress demonstrate significant explanatory power through single and interaction tests, suggesting that these factors are critical drivers of land-use carbon emissions within Shandong Province. Based on the spatiotemporal pattern analysis of land-use carbon emissions in Shandong Province, each city's growth rate and spatial distribution characteristics can be clarified, providing a scientific basis for the local government to formulate regional and differentiated emission-reduction policies. In addition, by exploring the driving factors of land-use carbon emissions in Shandong Province, the influence level of factors on carbon emissions can be revealed to provide references for formulating regional sustainable development strategies.

Studies on Research Methods and Factors Influencing the Urban Heat Island Effect: A Review

In view of the energy shortage and climate warming that are caused by rapid urbanization, the energy structure that relies on traditional fossil fuels brings serious ecological problems, such as the urban heat island effect, acid rain, fog, and haze. To promote urban carbon emission reduction, energy saving, and quality improvement, it is urgent to change the energy structure and develop more new energies. This study provides a systematic review of domestic and international research on the urban heat island effect, its resulting hazards, and related research methods. The correlations between heat island effect and anthropogenic activities as well as energy structure were elucidated. Simultaneously, the deficiencies of the promotion trend of new energy in recent studies were put forward to the point. To promote the "double carbon" orientation based on the natural non-loss method, it provides a valuable reference for further alleviating a series of ecological problems caused by urbanization

QUANTIFYING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF CARBON-BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND ITS DRIVING FACTORS IN CHINA

The carbon resource’s role in guiding energy conservation and emission reduction through technological progress has become a focal point in theoretical research and policy discussions. By introducing carbon resource as a production factor into the transcendental logarithmic function, this study comprehensively employs statistical methods and GeoDetector to investigate carbon-biased technological progress in China from 2010 to 2020. The findings reveal an overall U-shaped trend in carbon-biased technological progress. As technology advances, the high-level areas of DLC and DKC shift toward the inland northwest, and each region’s carbon-biased technological progress is demarcated by the Heihe–Tengchong Line, exhibiting higher levels in the northwest and lower levels in the southeast. The spatial variation of carbon-biased technological progress is influenced by multiple factors, with the level of economic development playing a dominant role in the earlier period and the role of R&D investment becoming more significant in the later stage. In-depth research on carbon-biased technological progress is of great significance for optimizing carbon factor market allocation and achieving sustainable green economic development in China.

Collaboration and resource sharing in the multidepot time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows

Concerns about energy conservation and emission reduction have highlighted the importance of environmentally sound logistics networks in urban areas. These networks are deeply intertwined with urban traffic systems, where variations in transit speeds can significantly increase the energy consumption and carbon emissions of delivery vehicles, compromising the environmental sustainability of urban deliveries. To address this, we propose a multidepot time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows, enhancing route planning flexibility and resource configuration. Our approach begins with a route spatiotemporal decomposition method to estimate vehicle travel times and emissions based on varying vehicle speeds. We then develop a multiobjective mixed integer linear programming model that aims to minimize total operating costs, the number of vehicles, and carbon dioxide emissions. A hybrid heuristic algorithm combining spectral clustering, multiobjective ant colony optimization, and variable neighborhood search is proposed to solve the model. This algorithm incorporates collaboration and resource sharing strategies, a pheromone initialization mechanism, a novel heuristic operator that accounts for time dependency, and a self-adaptive update mechanism, enhancing both solution quality and algorithm convergence. We compare the performance of our algorithm with that of the CPLEX solver, multiobjective ant colony optimization, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅲ, and multiobjective particle swarm optimization. The results demonstrate the superior convergence, uniformity, and spread of our proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we apply our model and algorithm to a real-world case in Chongqing, China, analyzing optimized results for different time intervals and vehicle speeds. This study offers robust methodologies for theoretically and practically addressing the multidepot time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows, contributing to the development of economical, efficient, collaborative, and sustainable urban logistics networks.

"Carbon Spectacular" - Exploring the Path to Enhance the Precision of Fiscal and Tax Support for Innovative Technologies in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction

"Carbon Spectacular" - Exploring the Path to Enhance the Precision of Fiscal and Tax Support for Innovative Technologies in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction

"Carbon Spectacular" - Exploring the Path to Enhance the Precision of Fiscal and Tax Support for Innovative Technologies in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction

"Carbon Spectacular" - Exploring the Path to Enhance the Precision of Fiscal and Tax Support for Innovative Technologies in Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction

The Role of Renewable Energy, Human Capital, and Carbon Emissions in Driving Economic Growth among South Asian Countries

The Role of Renewable Energy, Human Capital, and Carbon Emissions in Driving Economic Growth among South Asian Countries

Multi-objective energy management strategy for a dual-stack fuel cell heavy-duty truck via deep reinforcement learning

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system, as an efficient, zero-pollution emission, and high-efficiency energy conversion device, is particularly suitable for heavy-duty transportation. Considering the limited power of the current PEMFC system, this study focuses on a hybrid fuel cell heavy-duty truck with dual stacks. Considering the optimal operating range of the PEMFC system and the health status of the lithium-ion battery pack, an energy management strategy (EMS) based on the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is established. This strategy optimizes the hydrogen consumption cost, degradation costs of lithium-ion battery and fuel cells. Additionally, a dynamic programming (DP) and an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) based EMSs are established. The power allocation and overall transportation costs under the CSC driving cycle are compared and verified for the three EMSs. The results show that the DDPG algorithm provides a more optimal power allocation for the dual-stack fuel cells, improving the overall system efficiency, enhancing the lifecycle of heavy-duty trucks, and significantly reducing overall travel costs.

Learning-based Pareto-optimum routing of ships incorporating uncertain meteorological and oceanographic forecasts

In modern shipping logistics, multi-objective ship route planning has attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry, with a primary focus on energy conservation and emission reduction. The core challenges in this field involve determining the optimal route and sailing speed for a given voyage under complex and variable meteorological and oceanographic conditions. Typically, the objectives revolve around optimizing fuel consumption, carbon emissions, duration time, energy efficiency, and other relevant factors. However, in the multi-objective route planning problem involving variable routes and speeds, the extensive solution space contains a substantial number of unevenly distributed feasible samples. Traditional heuristic optimization techniques, such as multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, which serve as the core component of optimization programs, suffer from inefficiencies in exploring the solution space. Consequently, these algorithms may tend to converge toward local optima during population iteration, resulting in a solution set characterized by sub-optimal convergence and limited diversity. This ultimately undermines the potential benefits of routing optimization. To address such challenging problem in route planning tasks, we propose a self-adaptive intelligent learning network aiming at capturing the potential evolutionary characteristics during population iteration, in order to achieve high-efficiency directed optimization of individuals. Additionally, an uncertainty-driven module is developed by incorporating ensemble forecasts of meteorological and oceanographic variables to form the Pareto frontier with more reliable solutions. Finally, the overall framework of the proposed learning-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is meticulously designed and validated through comprehensive analyses. Optimization results demonstrate its superiority in generating routing plans that effectively minimize costs, reduce emissions, and mitigate risks.

Composite Intake Ports Interference Mechanism and Application in Dual Intake Channels of the Opposed-Piston Diesel Engine

With the development of control technology, the uniflow scavenging opposed-piston (USOP) diesel engine has shown unique advantages in energy savings and emission reductions. Due to the uniflow scavenging process, unstable scavenging performance has become the key problem in the development process of the USOP diesel engine, and the intake structure is an effective method for regulating scavenging performance. This study verifies the simulation model based on experimental data and then analyzes the influence of the intake port structure through simulations. On the one hand, this study explores the interference mechanism and application rules of two structures: composite intake ports and dual independent intake ports. The results show that the external alignment structure should be used under all operating conditions for composite intake ports. For dual independent intake ports, the internal alignment structure should be used at high swirl strength, and the external alignment structure should be used at low swirl strength. On the other hand, the dual independent intake ports matching the dual intake channels can improve scavenging performance while reducing supply power. The conclusion provides a reference for the design of the intake structure of the USOP diesel engine from many aspects.

Effects of carbon tax on energy transition, emissions and economy amid technological progress

Although carbon tax has been widely deployed, few papers have simulated carbon tax from the perspective of technological progress in clean electricity generation. Different from existing studies, this paper imposes an improved recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model with a carbon emission block. Moreover, a new scenario of technological progress in clean electricity generation has been added to analyze the effects of carbon tax on energy transition, emissions and the economy. The conclusions are as follows. First, the combination of carbon tax and technological progress in clean electricity generation is an important way to decarbonize the power sectors. With a carbon tax of 30 CNY/t-CO2, the share of non-fossil energy consumption increases from 19.49 % in 2023 to 22.36 % in 2030 as technology progresses. Second, recycling carbon tax revenues to enterprises is more favorable for economic development than recycling to households. Third, technological progress in clean electricity generation effectively curbs the adverse impact of the carbon tax on the economy, turning the rate of change of GDP from negative to positive. It is recommended that policymakers initially implement a low-rate carbon tax, along with lower corporate and residential income taxes. Attention also needs to be paid to research and development of clean power technologies.

Structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms of perovskite oxides in electrocatalysis.

Electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in driving the progress of modern technologies and industrial processes such as energy conversion and emission reduction. Perovskite oxides, an important family of electrocatalysts, have garnered substantial attention in diverse catalytic reactions because of their highly tunable composition and structure, as well as their considerable activity and stability. This review delves into the mechanisms of electrocatalytic reactions that use perovskite oxides as electrocatalysts, while also providing a comprehensive summary of the potential key factors that influence catalytic activity across various reactions. Furthermore, this review offers an overview of advanced characterizations used for studying catalytic mechanisms and proposes approaches to designing highly efficient perovskite oxide electrocatalysts.

How to get green with agricultural footprint: A global analysis of carbon emissions, environmental taxes, and agrochemical use

The agriculture sector, being highly vulnerable to climate change, plays a pivotal role in achieving green and sustainable economies. As the 2030 Agenda emphasizes the integrated development of environmental, social, and economic dimensions, it is crucial to understand how agricultural practices affect sustainability. This study investigates the environmental impact of the agricultural sector on the green economy by examining key environmental factors, such as agricultural energy emissions, environmental taxes, irrigated water use efficiency, fertilizer use, and pesticide application. The analysis is conducted using the Panel Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) model, with robustness checks performed through the comparison with the Panel ARDL model, using data from 2000 to 2020. To assess the green economy, an index is constructed based on 20 indicators related to environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The results show that agricultural energy emissions, despite their environmental cost, are positively associated with green economy development, highlighting the trade-off between high productivity and environmental degradation in a resource-efficient economy. Improved water use efficiency is found to enhance agricultural sustainability and production. Additionally, environmental taxes and regulations exert a significant positive effect on both environmental preservation and social welfare. Contrary to the belief that reducing agricultural production will lower carbon emissions, the study suggests that adopting environmentally friendly practices and imposing targeted taxes are more effective strategies. The findings also reveal a negative relationship between excessive fertilizer use and the green economy, indicating the need for minimal fertilizer application to promote sustainability. The study concludes with specific policy recommendations. Governments, particularly in countries that have not yet adopted sustainable agricultural practices, should implement environmental taxes and regulations to promote carbon neutrality and support the Sustainable Development Goals. These measures are essential to balancing economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social equity in the agricultural sector.

Analysis of Low-Carbon, Energy-Saving, and Emission Reduction Models Based on Rail Transit

It is difficult to define scientific applicability conditions when dealing with different evaluation objects and scope. This article is based on multi-source big data such as the Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) of urban rail transit, comprehensively considering the multidimensional impact of urban rail transit on the urban transportation system, and conducting a quantitative analysis of the energy-saving and emission reduction effects of urban rail transit. This study adopts a traffic emission model based on specific driving forces and a traffic demand prediction model, coupling the model and data to establish an urban rail transit energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation model suitable for different urban rail transit setting scenarios. Finally, this study selected six districts in Beijing as model application cases and used a combination of RP (display preference) survey and SP (state preference) survey to complete model parameter calibration for application cases.

The impact of hetero-aromatic rings on optoelectronic and charge transport properties of fused polycyclic compounds

The structural, optoelectronic, and charge-transport properties of linearly fused polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules with heteroatoms (NH, O, S, and Se) in five-membered rings have been investigated using the DFT approach. The hybrid functional B3LYP in combination with the 6–311 + G (d,p) basis set is utilized in the Gaussian 16 W software package for all the calculations. The absorption and emission energies are investigated by using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the same level of theory. To investigate the stability of each molecule concerning its aromaticity, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values are computed. Electron affinity (EA), hole extraction potential (HEP), ionization potential (IP), and electron extraction potential (EEP) are also reported. The simulated hole (λ h) and electron (λ e) reorganization energies for the majority of the molecules are lower than the characteristics hole and electron-transporting materials. The reported fused polycyclic compounds may have potential applications in optoelectronic devices.

Mechanical property testing and damage assessment of the regenerated rock mass with very weakly bonded cement

The regenerated rock mass is a bearing structure formed by natural compaction in a hollow area, and the investigation of its optimal consolidation material and consolidation parameters is the key to improving the supporting effect and bearing stability of roadways. The effects of consolidation materials and parameters on the stability of the regenerative rock mass were studied using laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses. Acoustic emission was used to monitor the variation characteristics of energy and ringing count during the process of rock mass failure, and the bonding interface area of the extremely weak cementation regeneration structure was tested by electron microscope scanning. The results show that there is a quadratic function relationship between the water–cement ratio of different cementing materials and the bond strength of the recycled rock mass; the regenerative rock mass with superfine cement exhibited the highest compressive strength and the largest cumulative energy of acoustic emission. This shows that it has the strongest bearing capacity, the highest elastic performance, the most stable micro-fracture development, and the best cementation effect, followed by ordinary cement, gypsum, and laterite. The scanning test showed that the regenerated structure had more internal pores, a loose structure, and poor cementation. Three-dimensional scanning modeling of four representative broken rock blocks was carried out, and the simulation verified that the regenerated structure had macroscopic “X”-shaped shear failure characteristics. The numerical simulation also verified three forms of rupture in the regenerative structure detected by electron microscopy scanning. Exploring the mechanism of action of the regenerative rock mass in the goaf provides a certain reference value for the stability control of the regenerated rock mass roadway.

Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Features and Energy Dissipation Properties during Rock Shear-Slip Process.

The features of rock shear-slip fracturing are closely related to the stability of rock mass engineering. Granite, white sandstone, red sandstone, and yellow sandstone specimens were selected in this study. The loading phase of "shear failure > slow slip > fast slip" was set up to explore the correlation between fracture type, acoustic emission (AE) features, and energy dissipation during the rock fracturing process. The results show that there is a strong correlation between fracture type, energy dissipation, and AE features. The energy dissipation ratio of tension-shear (T-S) composite, shear, and tensile types is 10:100:1. The fracture types in the shear failure phase are mainly tensile and TS composite types. The differential mechanism of energy dissipation of different rocks during the shear-slip process is revealed from the physical property perspectives of mineral composition, particle size, and diagenetic mode. These results provide a necessary research basis for energy dissipation research in rock failure and offer an important scientific foundation for analyzing the fracture propagation problem in the shear-slip process. They also provide a research basis for further understanding the acoustic emission characteristics and crack type evolution during rock shear and slip processes, which helps to better understand the shear failure mechanism of natural joints and provides a reference for the identification of precursors of shear disasters in geotechnical engineering.

Bilevel low-carbon coordinated operation of integrated energy systems considering dynamic tiered carbon pricing methodology

The coordinated operation and management of energy and carbon emissions in an integrated energy system (IES) can effectively promote overall energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. However, allocating carbon emission responsibilities between transmission-level integrated energy system (TIES) and regional integrated energy system (RIES) is difficult. On the basis of carbon emission flow theory, a model for allocating carbon emission responsibility for IES is developed in this paper. Moreover, the Shapley value method is adopted to obtain the carbon emissions responsibility intervals at the RIES. A dynamic tiered carbon pricing methodology is proposed for the RIES on the basis of equitable carbon emission responsibility intervals. In addition, a bilevel coordinated operation model that imposes carbon price to more fully excavate the low-carbon benefits obtained from operating an IES is proposed. The upper-level model, namely, the TIES, explores the optimal low-carbon schedule for energy networks by imposing fixed carbon price on the energy production costs. The lower-level model, namely, the RIES, investigates the optimal low-carbon energy supply scheme of multienergy coupling equipment and imposes dynamic tiered carbon pricing to adjust the amount of electricity and natural gas consumed. After the whole bilevel model is solved iteratively, equilibrium is reached. Case studies verify the potential and efficacy of the proposed bilevel model, demonstrating superior effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions compared with existing methods.

Radiative signatures of circumplanetary disks and envelopes during the late stages of giant planet formation

During the late stages of giant planet formation, protoplanets are surrounded by a circumplanetary disk and an infalling envelope of gas and dust. For systems with sufficient cooling, material entering the sphere of influence of the planet falls inward and approaches ballistic conditions. Due to conservation of angular momentum, most of the incoming material falls onto the disk rather than directly onto the planet. This paper determines the spectral energy distributions of forming planets in this stage of evolution. Generalizing previous work, we consider a range of possible geometries for the boundary conditions of the infall and determine the two-dimensional structure of the envelope, as well as the surface density of the disk. After specifying the luminosity sources for the planet and disk, we calculate the corresponding radiative signatures for the system, including the emergent spectral energy distributions and emission maps. These results show how the observational appearance of forming planets depend on the input parameters, including the instantaneous mass, mass accretion rate, semimajor axis of the orbit, and the planetary magnetic field strength (which sets the inner boundary condition for the disk). We also consider different choices for the form of the opacity law and attenuation due to the background circumstellar disk. Although observing forming planets will be challenging, these results show how the observational signatures depend on the underlying properties of the planet/disk/envelope system.

DTM-Based Analysis of Hot Topics and Evolution of China’s Energy Policy

Quantitative research on the evolution and transformation of topics in China’s energy policy can enhance the theoretical and methodological framework of policy document analysis. Utilizing dynamic topic modeling (DTM) and social network analysis, this study examined 1872 energy policy documents issued in China between 1980 and 2023, focusing on detecting hot topics and analyzing trend evolution. DTM identified five core topics: State Grid and new energy, comprehensive energy conservation and emission reduction, intelligent building energy management, promotion of energy-saving products and new energy vehicles, and standardization of energy industry management. Temporal analysis of these core topics reveals a shift in policy focus over time, moving from infrastructure development and standardization management to new energy development and modernization of the energy system. The co-occurrence network of thematic terms transitions from an “independent and loose” structure to a “concentrated and balanced” one, with increasing network scale and frequency. The conclusions of this study offer valuable insights for establishing a dynamic monitoring and real-time updating mechanism for energy policies, enhancing the integration and coordination of energy policy topics, and effectively supporting national energy strategies in response to global energy market challenges.