Emission Anomalies Research Articles

Application of remote sensing to geothermal prospecting

This paper presents a summary of a laboratory and field research program designed to evaluate the application of remote sensing techniques to geothermal exploration and development. The primary objective was to establish the feasibility of performing initial reconnaissance of an unmapped area with airborne or spacecraft remote sensors. The field experiments were conducted against a series of known geothermal regions in California. These regions were chosen to represent a typical range of geologic and environmental settings. It was attempted to relate remotely sensed and in-situ geophysical measurements of representative geothermal regions through a diurnal and seasonal range of variation. Effects of varying flight altitude on thermal anomaly « signatures å are also presented. Multiband photography in the visible and near infra-red was used to delineate anomalous spectral reflectance associated with hydrothermal alteration zones, passive IR imagery and radiometry in the 8 to 14 μ band, as well as passive microwave radiometry at 16 and 19 GHz was used to detect combined temperature and emissivity anomalies. Preliminary laboratory studies of field samples served to define the sensor passbands to be employed and permit later interpretation of observed effects. Ground controls on the experiment included detailed thermometric, gravity, magnetic and subsurface heat flow mapping. The major results of this investigation may be summarized as the identification of temperature anomalies in not only the infrared; but also the microwave, Rayleigh-Jeans region of the spectrum. Subsidiary conclusions were the uniform presence of visible alteration haloes, soil moisture anomalies, and apparent structural control of the thermal zones. While these techniques were applied in the nature of a controlled experiment, the results are considered generally applicable to related problems of geologic reconnaissance.

The electronic excited states of indole: indirect evidence for excited 2H indole

Anomalous solvent effects on the rate of intersystem crossing in indole have been observed. These observations have been interpreted in terms of the thermal isomerization of indole to 2H indole. This interpretation is found to be consistent with previously observed anomalies in the fluorescence emission from indole.

A comparison between solar X-ray emission and VLF sudden phase anomalies

Very low frequency (VLF) sudden phase anomaly (SPA) data obtained during 1963 are presented for comparison with solar X-ray emission measurements made by VELA satellites during the same period. From the SPA data an estimate is made, for each of three flares, of the effective wavelength of monochromatic X rays that would have produced the same VLF phase effects as the actual X-ray emission. In addition, using the X-ray intensity (flux density) measurements of the satellite data and the wavelength functions obtained from the SPA data, estimates are made of the effective recombination coefficients. Furthermore, it is indicated that the VLF phase anomaly produced by X rays from a high altitude nuclear explosion can possibly be distinguished from that produced by X rays from a solar flare.

Estudio espectral sobre la influencia del estado fisico en la “haynes stellite alloy no. 30”

This investigation, still in progress, aims at studying the effect of heat treatment of the electrodes on the spectrum emitted by the sample. The spectrum is recorded during the heat treatment, which is carried out in a special furnace, employing a source which does not alter the structure of the specimen. Some emission anomalies have been observed in the ranges from 640° to 680°C, and above 880° C, both while heating the electrodes and also while cooling them from 1000° C. The study of these spectra will be reported in a paper.