Eminent Achievements Research Articles

1900: História de um sistema científico-tecnológico que transfigurou as concepções urbanas e arquitectónicas

As Exposições Universais do final do século XIX e do início do século XX introduzem dois novos aspectos na relação entre a técnica e a sociedade: a divulgação das descobertas científico-tecnológicas e a ênfase nos seus mecanismos de produção. O desenvolvimento da técnica permitiu uma proposta de democratização onde o espaço urbano e a habitação para todos detinham um papel determinante. Neste contexto, a Exposição Universal de 1900 é considerada pela historiografia como sendo um evento fundamental da divulgação das obras de arte e dos produtos industriais e agrícolas. Além da coincidência do calendário, esta exposição é a expressão visível da transição entre os progressos científico-tecnológicos anunciados no final do século XIX e a sua concretização projectada para o futuro próximo. Ela surge como cidade virtual que projecta no seu espaço físico novas concepções urbanas e arquitectónicas. Além disso, pode ser considerada representativa do espírito de uma época eufórica que profetiza a partir do novo sistema científico-tecnológico o nascimento de uma nova sociedade. Este prognóstico, possível graças a invenções tais como a electricidade, o cimento armado, o aeroplano, entre outras, funda a ideia de grandeza das realizações eminentes. Pela primeira vez, uma Exposição Universal consegue antecipar, num evento, uma série de elementos espaciais, sócio-culturais e semânticos, que redefinem a noção de cidade.

Grażyna Bacewicz – The Polish Sappho

Abstract The paper is an attempt at a synthetic presentation of the Polish composer Grażyna Bacewicz’s (1909–1969) musical output and artistic career, presented against the background of events in her personal life, and of major events in Polish and European history in the first seven decades of the 20th century. Bacewicz was called ‘the Polish Sappho’ already in the years between World Wars I and II, when there were very few women-composers capable of creating works comparable to the most eminent achievements of male composers. Her path to success in composition and as a concert soloist leads from lessons with her father, the Lithuanian Vincas Bacevičius, to studies at the Łódź and Warsaw Conservatories (violin with Józef Jarzębski, composition with Kazimierz Sikorski), and later with Nadia Boulanger at the École Normale de la Musique, as well as violin lessons with André Tourret. Her oeuvre has for many years been linked with neoclassicism, and folkloric inspirations are evident in many of her works. Her crowning achievement in the neoclassical style is the Concerto for String Orchestra of 1948, while influences from folklore can distinctly be heard in many concert pieces and small forms. The breakthrough came around 1958, under the influence of avant-garde trends present in West European music, which came to be adapted in Poland thanks to the political transformations and the rejection of socialist realism. In such pieces as Music for Strings, Trumpets and Percussion of 1958, Bacewicz transforms her previously fundamental musical components (melody, rhythm, harmony) into a qualitatively new type of sound structures, mainly focused on the coloristic aspects. Grażyna Bacewicz also applied the twelve-note technique, albeit to a limited extent, as in String Quartet No. 6 (1960). Her last work was the unfinished ballet Desire to a libretto by Mieczysław Bibrowski after Pablo Picasso’s play Le désir attrapé par la queue.

An Efficient Framework for a Third Party Auditor in Cloud Computing Environments

Abstract Cloud Service Providers supply services to clients in terms of their demands. They need to be constantly under monitoring for their services with respect to consensus agreements between clients and service providers. A Third Party Auditor or TPA as a trusted organization appears to be necessary to monitor executing agreements of cloud services. Using a third party as an extra component creates cost overheads for clients in a cloud environment. Thus, introducing a cost efficient framework for a cloud environment which includes a third party is an eminent achievement to make a TPA feasible and practical in cloud environments. In this paper, we propose a TPA framework for monitoring service level agreements between cloud service providers and cloud clients using several cloud resources. This framework employs different types of service deployments from various cloud service providers excluding the cloud service provider which is being monitored. Then, we demonstrate that the framework can mitigate costs of a third party auditor in a cloud environment. Simulations of trends for costs exhibits cost efficiency of at least forty percent over ten years when a TPA follows our proposed framework in comparison to other frameworks. Finally, we provide an analysis to compare characteristics of our framework with other frameworks and discuss the advantages of our proposed framework. Our results indicate that TPA as a component of the framework not only reduces overall costs of its presentation in a cloud environment but additionally improves management efficiency and security.

"Urologia"-Johann Juncker (1679-1759) gave our specialty its name in 1730

The eponym of our expertise, Johann Juncker, is not well known, but was an outstanding medical scientist in the first half of the 18th century. Because of his pietism and his admiration for Georg Ernst Stahl, he never studied medicine. As aself-taught man, he was appointed to the orphanage hospital in Halle in 1717. One year later he received his doctorate. His most eminent achievement was the introduction of the "bedside student education in collegium clinicum". In 1729, he became full professor. Another year later, he gave distinction to the word "urologia" and the future name of our specialization was born. Juncker had a reputation far beyond Halle. He was ahead of his time not only with bedside student education, but also with his commitment to the enrollment of women at universities. Under his aegis and in his private house, Dorothea Christiane Erxleben (1715-1762) was the first woman to receive her doctor's degree in 1754.

Eminence and Genius in the Real-World: Seven Critical Skills that Make Possible Eminent Achievement

Genius and eminence has traditionally been understood in terms of basic abilities such as intel- ligence and creative thinking. Although we do not dispute the importance of basic abilities, we argue that eminent achievement in real-world settings also depends on the skills people acquire with experience. In the present effort, seven skills which appear critical to real-world eminent achievement are identified: 1) problem finding, 2) causal analysis, 3) constraint analysis, 4) forecasting, 5) elaboration, 6) compensation, and 7) wisdom. The findings obtained in various quantitative studies, along with the evidence drawn from the careers of those who have made eminent achievements, are used to provide evidence for the nature and significance of each of these skills. The implications of our observations for the development of eminent individuals are discussed.

Development and Implementation of Project Culture—Case Study of New Campus Building of SUES

Establishing good project culture in a project is the important precondition to achieve project success or to ensure outstanding results, but project management culture in the project application are ordinarily neglected or misunderstood at present in China. The project of new campus building projects of Shanghai University of Engineering Science (SUES) is system engineering has the characteristics of big sum of investment, urgent schedule, and high-level quality standard. With good project culture plays important role it, this project got eminent achievement. This paper takes the SUES as an actual case to systematically analyze the specific measures, methods, procedures and processes of how to apply the project culture in a project from the two perspectives of development and implementation. The ways and means will provide exercisable reference for similar projects.

创造性“小c”和创造性“大C”的理论研究和进展

创造性是人类生存进步的基础，对人们获得幸福和财富起着重要作用，根据所创造出来的产品对社会价值的作用，把创造性的研究分为Little-c (Little-creativity)和Big-C (Big-Creativity)。本文用两个实验研究证明传统的常规教育和创造性(Little-c和Big-C)之间的关系并不是线性的关系，而是一个复杂的关系。对于卓越者而言，他所受的常规教育和突出成就之间的关系是负相关，而对于创造者而言，所接受的常规教育和突出成就之间的关系看起来更像一个单峰函数，并且其峰值出现在其结束本科教育前的最后一年。因此研究表明传统的常规教育并不总是有利于创造性的发展，甚至在一些情况下可能会阻碍创造性的发展。 Creativity is imperative to the progression of human civilization, prosperity, and well-being. Ac-cording to the social value of the creative product, creativity is divided into Little-c and Big-C. In this paper, two empirical investigations showed that the relationship between formal education and creativity (“Big-C” “Little-c”) is not a linear, but a complex one. For the leaders, their eminent achievement is negatively related to the formal education, whereas for the creators the relation-ship was best described as a single-peaked function, with the peak appearing somewhere in the last year of their undergraduate education. The results indicated that formal education cannot have a simple positive linear association with creativity, and under certain circumstances their association can become negative.

Intuition, insight, and the right hemisphere: Emergence of higher sociocognitive functions

Intuition is the ability to understand immediately without conscious reasoning and is sometimes explained as a 'gut feeling' about the rightness or wrongness of a person, place, situation, temporal episode or object. In contrast, insight is the capacity to gain accurate and a deep understanding of a problem and it is often associated with movement beyond existing paradigms. Examples include Darwin, Einstein and Freud's theories of natural selection, relativity, or the unconscious; respectively. Many cultures name these concepts and acknowledge their value, and insight is recognized as particularly characteristic of eminent achievements in the arts, sciences and politics. Considerable data suggests that these two concepts are more related than distinct, and that a more distributed intuitive network may feed into a predominately right hemispheric insight-based functional neuronal architecture. The preparation and incubation stages of insight may rely on the incorporation of domain-specific automatized expertise schema associated with intuition. In this manuscript the neural networks associated with intuition and insight are reviewed. Case studies of anomalous subjects with ability-achievement discrepancies are summarized. This theoretical review proposes the prospect that atypical localization of cognitive modules may enhance intuitive and insightful functions and thereby explain individual achievement beyond that expected by conventionally measured intelligence tests. A model and theory of intuition and insight's neuroanatomical basis is proposed which could be used as a starting point for future research and better understanding of the nature of these two distinctly human and highly complex poorly understood abilities.

Call for Nominations – The Nusselt–Reynolds Prize Sponsored by Assembly of World Conferences on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamics

The Nusselt–Reynolds Prize has been established by the Assembly of World Conferences to commemorate outstanding contributions by Wilhelm Nusselt and Osborne Reynolds as experimentalists, researchers, educators, and authors. As many as three prizes may be bestowed at every World Conference, one in each of the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, or any combination of these.The prize will be bestowed for outstanding scientific and engineering contributions and eminent achievements in the fields of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics through (1) experimental studies and analytical/numerical extension of the measurements, (2) development of experimental techniques, visualization techniques, and/or instrumentation, and/or (3) development of design theory (that needs experimental data) and theory-based experimental correlations. These contributions should yield a deeper insight into physical phenomena involved or should yield significant technological advances. In addition to research, the awardee(s) should have made outstanding contributions to the field through teaching, design, or a combination of such activities. The prize is based on achievement through publications or through the application of the science or art. Nationality, age, sex, and society membership will not be considered when evaluating qualifications of candidates. A candidate must be living at the time of designation as a recipient of the prize.The prize consists of a bronze plaque, and engrossed certificate, and an honorarium. The prize is administered by the Prize Board. The deadline for accepting nominations for the Prize is February 2, 2000. The prize will be awarded at the Fifth World Conference during September 24–28, 2001 in Thessaloniki, Greece where the prize winners will also present plenary lectures on their subjects.Nominators can obtain further information and download the nomination form from a webpage at http://www.thtlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/N-Rprize.html/.

The Scientific Study of Expert Levels of Performance: general implications for optimal learning and creativity1

Recent research in many different domains of expertise has shown that the large differences in performance between experts and novices are frequently reproducible under standardized conditions and can often be captured with representative tasks in the laboratory. Furthermore, these differences in performance are predominantly mediated by complex skills acquired over a decade, as a result of high daily levels of activities which are specially designed'to improve performance (deliberate practice). The effects of extended deliberate practice are remarkably far‐reaching and include physiological adaptations and qualitative changes in performance mediated by acquired cognitive skills. Most importantly, expert performers have acquired mental representations that allow them to plan and reason about potential courses of action and these representations also allow experts to monitor their performance, thus providing critical feedback for continued complex learning. The study of elite performance also reveals how acquired representation and skills provide the necessary tools for the ultimate eminent achievement, namely the generation of creative innovations to the domain. 1This paper is a revised and updated version of my keynote address at the international conference on Creativity & culture: Talent development in the arts and sciences sponsored by European Council on High Ability, Vienna, Austria, 19-22 October (22 October).

Environmental resources on the web

Environmental resources on the web

Parents' Conceptions of Academic Success: Internal and External Standards

The ways in which parents get involved and advocate for their children's education rely upon parents' conceptions of academic success. Mothers (n = 547) and fathers (n = 547) of sixth-grade, academically talented students (62% males) completed a questionnaire assessing parents' definitions of academic success. Definitions were classified as Internal (i.e., emphasized behaviors relative to the student, had individual importance, or were self-satisfying), External (i.e., emphasized behaviors recognized as eminent by others or superior to peers), Both, or Neither. Conceptions were related to parents' education level, gender, and ethnic group. Parents likely to emphasize internal standards were those without a doctorate or medical degree, mothers, and White parents, which suggests that these groups are supportive of programs catering to individual needs and abilities. Fathers were more likely than mothers to measure academic success by external standards including high grades, college acceptance, and employment in a good career, which suggests that they support programs fostering the attainment of eminent achievements and may exert more pressure on their children.

The Three Faces of Creativity Revisited: Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment

The purpose of this paper is to use concepts from Sternberg's (1986) triangular theory of love to provide a framework for understanding creative achievement. The combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment are viewed as the major determinants of eminent achievement. These dimensions are discussed in terms of their explanatory value for understanding the creative process. Special attention is paid to Wallas' (1926) description of stages in the creative process. The implications of intimacy, passion, and commitment for developing creativity will also be addressed. The basic assumption of this paper is that the personological approach to creative achievement as exemplified by the research of Roe (1952), MacKinnon (1962,1965), Barron (1963,1969), Helson (1966), Welsh (1975), and Albert (1980a, 1980b, 1983) needs to be reemphasized. This position is clearly not a mainstream position, given the current research focus on creative thinking abilities (Treffinger, 1986). It is clearly recognized that other conceptualizations might have equivalent explanatory power. The ultimate success of the model will be determined by the extent to which it provides to be both conceptually compelling and empirically validated.

Neural perspectives of cerebral correlates of giftedness.

Giftedness is defined as some special endowment or propensity for creativity, skill, and eminent achievement, found in relatively few individuals among the population. A high order of mental power (IQ), creativity, and motivation (task commitment) appear to be the most universally recognized attributes of the gifted. This report summarizes current knowledge of the cerebral correlates of intelligence and creativity, including physiological measures of EEG, cortical power spectrum, brain evoked potentials, and positron emission tomography. Controversy, debates, contentions, formal hypotheses, and research issues are considered. We are especially interested in the formulation of the deterministic function of EEG-brain dynamics. A CHAOS modeling on hierarchy of cognitive organization and cerebral processing in the gifted is suggested.

"Ecce, quomodo moritur justus" J. Gallusa in nekaterih njegovih sodobnikov

"Ecce, quomodo moritur justus" J. Gallusa in nekaterih njegovih sodobnikov