Period Of Emigration Research Articles

Особенности трансформации мистической антропологии Вячеслава Иванова в 1930-е гг.: статья «Anima» в свете мистериально-дионисийского метатекста

The article «Anima» is the most important Ivanov’s work during the period of emigration, representing his religious and mystical views to the European reader. It presents a kind of symbolic and phenomenological description of the dynamic structure of religious and mystical consciousness. In our article, we have three goals: 1) to establish a conceptual relationship between the early (article «Ty esi») and the late («Anima») version of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology, 2) to describe the transformations of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology in the 1930th, 3) to establish the specifics of Ivanov’s mystical-religious worldview. The research material is Ivanov’s religious and philosophical works, his epistolary and scientific works. In the course of the research, we used comparative, hermeneutical, contextual, and motivic-thematic analysis methods. First, we define the place of the article «Anima» in the Ivanov’s work during the period of emigration, then we describe the structure of the Dionysian-mysterial plot, which acts as a generative model of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. The Dionysian-mysterial plot is devined as such a dialectically organized mythological narrative, which is based on the orphic mythologeme of the tearing of Dionysus by Titans and his resurrection. Then we characterize the plot of «Ty esi» as an expanded symbolic narrative representing Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. This narrative presents a dramatic story of the relationship between Psyche-Anima (feminine, irrational principle), Eros-Animus (masculine, rational) and the Self, the superpersonal principle, the divine center of personality. The main content of the study is the analysis of the content of the article «Anima», in the process of which we record the transformations of Ivanov’s religious and mystical thought. One of the most significant innovations in the «Anima» is the comparison of the plot of «Ty esi» with Dostoevsky's «basic myth», which is understood as a transformation of one of his lines – the mysterial one. Dostoevsky’s «basic myth» is an archetypal plot about how demonic-type heroes, false Animuses (Raskolnikov, Rogozin, Stavrogin, Versilov, Ivan Karamazov) are rejected by female characters personifying Psyche, a wanderer who is waiting for her heavenly Bridegroom, i.e. a transformed hero. Another fundamentally important innovation of the «Anima» is the introduction of Friedrich Nietzsche’s fate into the context of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. She is identified with the mysterial line of the plot «Ty esi», which explains the nature of the madness of the Basel philosopher by the betrayal of his Anima.

Confirmation of the Spiritual Nature of Individual and Society in Yevhen Spektorskyi’s Works of the Emigrant Period

The article presents the main issues of the works by the famous philosopher, jurist and educator Yevhen Vasyliovych Spektorskyi (1875‒1951) written during the period of forced emigration (1920‒1951) and professional activity at the universities of Belgrade, Prague, Ljubljana and the St. Volodymyr Orthodox Theological Seminary in New-York. In the intellectual biography of the thinker, these prolific years are marked by the development of issues in social science, philosophy, moral theology, and Christian ethics. In numerous works in various foreign languages, some of which have been analyzed in this article for the first time, Spektorskyi substantiated the importance of moral — as opposed to physical and mental — dimension of the existence of both individuals and society, for which he regarded the Christian religion to be a reference point. The latter, in his opinion, can truly explore the essence of the individual and social with the help of Christian sociology. The history of social philosophy is essential for social science as well as philosophy itself. Positioned between science and religion, philosophy has the capacity for free thinking, which is crucial for achieving a genuine understanding of society. As it is revealed in the article, the philosopher developed ethical guidelines within the framework of moral theology, criticizing naturalistic and mechanistic approaches to understanding society and the individual. Spektorskyi regarded freedom, dignity, and a righteous life according to the Christian ideal, as well as cultural activity, as fundamental values. The author argues that Spektorskyi’s affirmation of absolute values and the study of the relationship between the individual and society on the basis of the Christian religion provide grounds for evaluating Spektorskyi as an exceptionally religious philosopher.

The Theme of the Brotherhood of Man in the Works by I. A. Bunin

The article is devoted to the researching of the theme of the brotherhood of people man and its evolution in the works by I. A. Bunin. In the artistic world of the writer, the idea of new — evangelical, fraternal relations between people, based on Christian love, is affirmed. The key images and motives for understanding the evolution of the theme of brotherhood of people appear in the early poems, such as “In Kostyol,” “The Gravestone Scripture:” the image of Christ, the motive of faithfulness to the “covenant of love” and to a new, evangelical relationship between people. In the works of 1914–1916 I. A. Bunin creates the image of humanity, which that has forgotten about God, about Christ, about its original initial brotherhood. There is a tragic motive of destruction of the brotherhood of people man poems “Silence,” “Desperation” and in his stories “Brothers,” “The Spring Evening.” The article pays special attention to the study of the Christian text in the short story “Brothers,” the results of which allow to speak about the Gospel meaning of the word “brothers” in the epigraph and in the title of the story, which are playing the most important role in the expression of the key author’s idea, phrased in the words of Christ. I. A. Bunin’s works of the period of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and of the Civil War, namely his diary “Cursed Days” and his speech “The Mission of Russian Emigration,” are imbued with the tragic motive of fratricide and with images of Russian Cain and Russian Abel. The ideas of brotherhood of people and of the deepest interconnection of all humanity people is heardresounds again in through the works by I. A. Bunin inof the emigration period, in and in his lyrical and philosophical prose of the 1920s. The theme of the brotherhood of people in the works by I. A. Bunin, which undoubtedly has an undoubted evangelical basis, develops throughout the writer’s work, which testifies to its significance for the writer’s worldview and his concept of peace and man.

CONFLICT OF REALITY AND FANTASTIC FICTION IN THE STORY OF ALEXEY N. TOLSTOY “COUNT CALIOSTRO”

The article examines the story “Count Cagliostro” by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, completed during the emigration period: based on a real historical fact (the visit to Russia in 1779-1780 of the Italian adventurer Giuseppe Balsamo, who called himself Count Cagliostro), it combines reality with fantastic fiction, and turning to works using a fantastic element is very relevant today. At first glance, the complex vicissitudes of life should have determined the preference of fantasy over reality, but in “Count Cagliostro” fantastic fiction enters into a conflicting relationship with the world of reality, proof of this thesis becomes the purpose of the article. Using problematic, comparative-contrastive, cultural-historical, chronological, and biographical methods, the author solves the goal by comparing “Count Cagliostro” with the story written at the same time – A.N. Tolstoy’s “Nikita’s Childhood” and the previously created poem by A.K. Tolstoy – “Portrait”, a simultaneous comparison of these works has not been previously made and represents the scientific novelty of the presented article. The author comes to the conclusion that in difficult times of moral searches A.N. Tolstoy does not want to hide from life’s problems in the world of a fantasy universe; the conflict between reality and fantastic fiction is resolved in favor of the triumph of real earthly love. This ability to prefer harsh reality to fairy-tale fiction will affect both the subsequent work and the life path of A.N. Tolstoy.

Cooperative activities of a podolian Mykola Oleksiyovych Litvitsky during the period of emigration in Poland (1921-1923)

Cooperative activities of a podolian Mykola Oleksiyovych Litvitsky during the period of emigration in Poland (1921-1923)

The method of introduction in the collection of B.A. Lazarevsky “Doomed and Other Stories”

INTRODUCTION. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the poetics of the short stories by B.A. Lazarevsky from the collection “Doomed and Other Stories” (Berlin, 1921), which were created and published by the writer in emigration, using the example of the introduction technique. It should be noted that the collection was not previously subjected to literary analysis, and the artist's name was unfairly forgotten in his homeland after the revolution due to ideological and other reasons.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The specifics of using the Lazarevsky preface technique in the stories of the collection “Doomed and Other Stories” are considered. Historicalliterary, structural-poetic methods are used for the analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It is revealed that the technique of anticipation is embodied by the writer in the prophetic dreams of the characters, as well as in their ability to predict future events. Dreams characterize the emotional state of the characters and serve as a way to escape from the harsh reality. Most of the characters have developed intuition and emotional sensitivity. It is determined that the writer actively used the preface in other works of the initial period of emigration (“The Soul of a Woman”, “Captain's Widow”).CONCLUSION. The clarification of the features of the poetics of emigrant works through the analysis of the reception of the preface is the theoretical significance of the study. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the materials obtained in the practice of university and school teaching literature of the Russian abroad.

Introduction to the Ideological History of Russian Emigration (1917–1991)

The history of Russian emigration of the period of 1917 – 1991 has extensive y historiography primarily due to the fact that the period is characterized by numerous achievements in Russian literature, art, science and culture. The political and media history of Russian emigration is well known and thoroughly studied. There exist also certain reviews of the history of Russian philosophy of this emigration period. However, the summary information on the moral, ideological and socio-political history of Russian emigration is insuffi cient and requires elementary introduction which is very often ignored because of numerous biographical and individual details.

Féar Gortach

Folklore, as an ever-changing set of stories and traditions, provides valuable insight into the emotional and cultural impact of historical events. In Ireland, one can find an excellent case study in the evolving stories of the Féar Gortach. Also known as Hungry Grass, this particular Irish legend centers around patches of earth that instill intense feelings of hunger in those who cross it. Traditionally characterized as the doing of fairies, the legend began to see a cultural shift in the latter half of the nineteenth century following the tragedy of the Great Hunger. Beginning in 1845, the Great Hunger, otherwise known as the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation and emigration in Ireland, brought about by the repeated failure of the potato crop due to agricultural disease. In the wake of this national tragedy, the legend of the Féar Gortach began to change. This paper examines how stories of the Féar Gortach were used to memorialize and process the Great Hunger in Ireland, drawing upon the imagery of funerary rites and nineteenth century famine walls in order to produce a uniquely Irish means of grappling with the tragedy.

The Intellectual Legacy of the Gordin Brothers in Emigration: Philosophical Anthropology and Social Philosophy

The article presents the findings of a historical-philosophical analysis of the Gordin brothers’ works during their period of emigration. This is the first study in Russian historiography dedicated to the conceptual legacy of these two thinkers following their forced departure from the USSR. The authors draw attention to the fact that the biography of the Gordin brothers continues to evoke numerous questions within the scholarly community, and their years in the USA remains under-researched not only by Russian scholars but also by their international counterparts. The article primarily examines philosophical-anthropological and social-philosophical issues. It is demonstrated that both W.L. Gordin and A.L. Gordin remained true to their spiritual bearings in emigration. W.L. Gordin continued his investigations in the field of the philosophy of technology and ontology, whereas A.L. Gordin sustained his work on a doctrine he termed “interindividualism.” The authors identify both similarities and differences in the intellectual explorations of the Gordin brothers. Special emphasis is placed on exploring how philosophical individualism influenced the intellectual pursuits of the thinkers, and how this manifested both in philosophical anthropology and social philosophy. Furthermore, their attitudes towards religion (especially Judaism), contemporary political doctrines (particularly Marxism), and scientific progress (especially quantum theory) are investigated. In emigration, W.L. Gordin remained an atheist, while his brother, conversely, developed a personal understanding of God, with whom the Ego engages in ongoing dialogue. In conclusion, it is posited that while the works of A.L. Gordin (in their conceptual content) align closely with the philosophical treatises of M. Buber (as well as the works of other philosophers inspired by Judaism), the writings of W.L. Gordin to some extent anticipated early transhumanism.

On the poetics of emotions and the world’s tenderness in V. Nabokov’s short story <i>Beneficence</i> [<i>Blagost</i>

The article analyses and interprets the short story Beneficence [Blagost] (1924), penned by V. Nabokov during his Berlin period of emigration. The author selected the short story for several reasons. Firstly, it appeals as an example of genre transformation of a love story and demonstrates the multidimensionality of the concept of love; secondly, the protagonist arouses interest as an empathetic narrator whose utterances reveal a complex structure; and thirdly, due to the ways in which the meaning of the title correlates with the decoded concept of the world’s tenderness. The writer’s strategy and the poetics of emotions uncover the core meaning of a reminiscence as a cognitive act and transformation of the hero’s consciousness, i. e., his understanding of love and happiness. The protagonist proceeds to discover happiness on a different plane of existence — in the relationship of ‘me and the world,’ in the harmony of the universe, and in the convergence of the micro- and macrocosms. Taking this into account, it appears that Nabokov’s portrayal of tenderness is endowed with a sacred meaning and reaches completion in the formula ‘me for the Other.’

«В глубине России»: обзор провинциальной жизни в литературно-художественном контексте петроградского еженедельника «Наши дни» (1915)

For the first time, the article specifically analyzes the Petrograd weekly “Our Days” (1915), which belongs to the “forgotten” publications of World War I. Based on emigre periodicals and archival materials, the life and career of G. Polonsky, the editor of this socio-political, literary, artistic and economic journal, is reconstructed. The characteristics of the publication are given: the place among other weeklies of the early 20th century is determined, the editorial program and the position taken on a number of acute social topics are considered. Despite the fact that the journal aspired to the status of a publication that stands above the well-known literary movements, the materials it publishes reveal a consistent view of humanistic values as common to Russian and Western cultures. Metatext links between the materials of the weekly are illustrated by the example of the column “In the depths of Russia”. The socio-psychological content and aesthetic originality of the essays that compiled the column allow us to explore them as one of the forms of interaction between Russian literature and journalism characteristic of the Silver Age. The range of assessments in the depiction of the province on the pages of “Our Days” turned out to be no less wide than the coverage of the phenomena and events of modern life undertaken by the magazine. The authors of the article demonstrate this by the scale of the literary and artistic agenda of the weekly, which, despite the transience of its existence (four March issues), managed to touch upon the topics of higher education, philosophy, literature, music, art, theater. As an appendix, a list of the contents of “Our Days” is given.

Вячеслав Прокопович у боротьбі за українську державність та національну ідею: штрихи до портрета політичного діяча і науковця

The purpose of the article is to refl ect the life path of the Ukrainian public and political fi gure, historian Viacheslav Prokopovych (1881–1942) to study his contribution to the struggle for Ukrainian statehood during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 as well as in political exile in Poland and France. The methodological basis of the research included the consistent application of the principles of historicism, objectivity, systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, and comparative studies. The use of the biographical method in combination with the methods of source analysis and synthesis made it possible to consider the life of V. Prokopovych in the context of social and political events, through the prism of interpersonal communication, professional, and family environment. The scientifi c novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is based on the study and comparative analysis of V. Prokopovych’s archival and published heritage. It highlighted the formation of personality, signifi cant milestones of his life and activity, participation in the Ukrainian public, political, cultural, and educational movement, activity as Prime Minister of the Government of the Ukrainian People`s Republic during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 and the period of emigration. In the formation of the research source base, an important role was assigned to the analysis and introduction into the scientifi c circulation of documents’ information from the V. Prokopovych’s personal archives, which is preserved in the fonds of the Symon Petliura Ukrainian Library in Paris. Conclusions. V. Prokopovych, taking an active role in the Ukrainian political and cultural movement from the beginning of the 20th century, made a signifi cant contribution to the struggle for Ukrainian statehood, defending Ukrainian national interests and values as a politician, statesman, public fi gure, journalist, and historian. He held key positions in the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, being the Minister of Education and Prime Minister. During the period of his forced political emigration, he actively participated in the development of the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile, and he was one of the founders and a long-time editor of the weekly Tryzub, the creator and chairman of the Council of the Symon Petliura Ukrainian Library in Paris. His scientifi c, publicist, and archival heritage represents a signifi cant public interest and requires deep study.

Synthetic Dimensions of the Potential of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic

The article analyzes the specifics of synthetic measurements of state potential on the example of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR). The author of the study suggests that modeling the potential of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic will enable modern historiography of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1914–1923 to elucidate the morphology of state power by elucidating the nature of political power, the functioning of the state body, its strategic goals, etc. in its western Ukrainian segment. The main research models of Western scientists of the second half of the 20 – early 21th centuries are clarified on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the state’s potential, in particular in the field of international relations: Clifford Herman, Wilhelm Fucks, Ray Klein and Ahmet Davutoğlu. The potential of the WUPR is also considered on the basis of studying the models of gravity, stratification and escalation / de-escalation, which made it possible to clarify the WUPR’s place in the system of international relations and collective security of the early 20th century. It is established that the model of gravity in the case of Western Ukraine diplomacy, in particular during its emigration period, can only partially indicate a certain cultural and / or ideological influence on the balance of international relations, and the “gravitational field” of Western Ukraine was in postwar Europe. An important feature of the stratification model is the prestige of the WUPR in the international arena, which has become the only and common interest of the united Ukrainian People’s Republic. The model of escalation / de-escalation in the realities of Western Ukraine shows that this Ukrainian state and foreign policy activity in the coordinate system of contemporary international relations was located between two points – between absolute peace and absolute war – in the context of the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918–1919 for Eastern Galicia. According to the author, the most logical in relation to the imagined model of the potential of the WUPR was the escalation from the point of view of the stronger side (Poles), in particular in view of the escalation of armaments. It acted in conditions of asymmetric imbalance: the weaker side (Ukrainians) shifted the “difficulty” of escalation to ideological and moral-ideological problems.

Orientalism as Ideological and Fiction Concept of Vs.N. Ivanov’s Works, a Writer, Thinker and a Journalist

The author of the article, having studied the creative activity of V.I. Ivanov (1888–1971) and using a conceptual approach to the analysis of his works, reveals a constant commitment of the writer, thinker and journalist to the theme of the East, philosophical and aesthetic foundations of Eastern culture in his fiction and scientific works, as well as, in philosophical journalism. Orientalism, as one of the key concepts of Ivanov's creative activity, which determines the integrity of his heritage, fully reflects the depth and scale of philosophical, ideological and fiction studies of that extraordinary person who went through emigration and retained a deep commitment to Russia. The article presents some analysis of oriental poetry by Vs. N. Ivanov of pre-emigration and emigration period, which is unknown to the Russian reader; essays from periodicals about the Far East of Russia, Russian emigration in China; works of scientific and journalism nature published by him in emigration.

Reproduction does not impede the stopover departure to ensure a potent migration in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths.

Despite the importance of reproduction in insects, its relation with multi-stop flight remains poorly understood in migratory species. To clarify whether reproductive maturation commences during the multi-stop flight or after the completion of migration, we conducted physiological and behavioral assays in the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis with laboratory-simulated conditions and field-captured populations. We found that the ovarian development was significantly promoted by tethered flight treatment for 1-2 nights when compared to the unflown group, while the flight muscle development was not impaired. There was no significant difference in flight duration, flight distance and flight velocity between mated and virgin female moths, indicating that mated moths remained competent for the subsequent flights as did the virgins. Using an integrated field assay, we identified that over 60% of the female moths in the migrating populations captured by high-altitude searchlights in the Immigration period of a season had completed the ovarian development and mating. Sexually mature and mated moths collected in the rice field in the Emigration period were found capable of engaging in migratory take-off, as observed using an indoor monitoring platform. Overall, our findings point out that C. medinalis managed to complete reproductive maturation to a large extent during the multi-stop migratory flight without compromising the migration performance. Such a cost-effective strategy ensures a successful migration for the moths. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship between reproduction and migration, thus shedding light on the development of novel control measures for the outbreak of migratory insect pests.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ ПІСЛЯ ПЕРІОДУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-ВИЗВОЛЬНОЇ БОРОТЬБИ

The publication reveals the activities of Ukrainian scientific emigration in European countries after the period of national liberation struggle, the 20s of the twentieth century. The authors focus on the final stage of revolutionary events and the transition of the Ukrainian army together with government agencies to emigrate abroad. The aim of the study is to analyze the activities of Ukrainian scientific emigrants abroad, their desire to maintain the spirit of national consciousness and influence on the further development of the idea of ​​struggle for independence of Ukraine. The vast majority of Ukrainian cultural, artistic and scientific figures who took part in the scientific and educational life of Ukrainian emigrants in Europe, after moving to a new place of residence, due to political circumstances, still continued their activities. The emigration period of their life and work was both the approbation and implementation of the ideas of organizing important cultural and educational events, as the acquisition of certain experience and the development of creative forces. In European countries (where mostly Ukrainian emigrants lived) the foundations were laid for many important issues for the development of the cultural and educational level of Ukrainian emigration, which in the future have stood the test of time and enriched the national cultural heritage. The activity of Ukrainian scientific emigration is an important phenomenon in our science, which deserves attention, because, developing Ukrainian culture and science, they introduced the world to the unique phenomenon of national identity, while enriching European science and culture. Unfortunately, due to ideological aspects and political circumstances, the achievements of Ukrainian scientific emigration were specially withdrawn from domestic science. The "Soviet system" did not pass on to Ukraine any information about the activities of emigration. Nowadays, modern scholars have the opportunity to get acquainted with the legacy of emigration, which is gradually flowing into all-Ukrainian science. However, due to the versatility and significant amount of creative work of emigrants, to comprehensively assess its importance for modern science is still a difficult task. After all, many documents from the funds of famous Ukrainian emigrant figures and the archives of Ukrainian governments are either abroad or have just begun to open to researchers.

Mark Aldanov on Perception of the Heritage by L.N. Tolstoy
 (Based on Articles of the 1920–1940s)

The article explores Mark Aldanov’s understanding of how L.N. Tolstoy’s personality and work was percepted by his students, contemporaries, literary scholars, readers in different countries. For the first time, materials of Aldanov’s articles from the émigré collection «On the Other Side», the newspaper «Segod-
 nya», and the magazine «The Slavonic and East European Review» are being introduced into scientific circulation. For the first time, the article presents description of Aldanov’s articles from «Sovremennye zapiski», «Novy Zhurnal» dedicated to Leo Tolstoy. The content of articles written in the 1921–1942s cor-
 relates with the content of Aldanov’s books such as «Romain and Rolland» and «The Riddle of Tolstoy». Textological work has assisted us to compare the content of Aldanov’s publications of 1923, 1928, 1929. It is suggested that Aldanov is the
 author of the review of the novel «War and Peace» published in 1942 in the United States. In literary-critical articles of the literature in emigration period, Aldanov understands the perception of the writer’s personality as Tolstoy, a thinker and
 Tolstoy, a writer. Aldanov develops the idea of Tolstoy’s contradictory and paradoxical nature linked with the contradictoriness and complexity of life itself. Aldanov explains a dialogical nature of Tolstoy’s personality and literary work by
 the fact that the entire spectrum of Tolstoy’s mental and emotional reactions was a bold reflection of life, the embodiment of its merciless truth. The critic admires Tolstoy’s work suggesting that he can be judged by the most difficult works. According to Aldanov, the weakness of the writer’s worldview, the incongruity of his style can be considered as a result of the writer’s special phenomenon, he could afford what no Russian writer could. Inner freedom, ruthless truthfulness of Tolstoy distinguishes him from all the writers of the 19th century. Aldanov designates
 Tolstoy’s artistic devices, which he uses in his own literary work. Aldanov’s analytical opinion on the perception of Tolstoy influenced the formation of the Leo Tolstoy’s image among the Russian readers abroad.

Паризький емігрант із українською душею: рефлексії Бориса Лазаревського на презентацію українства у 1927–1929 рр.

Introduction. The urgency of the study lies in the introduction into Ukrainian historiography of the content of manuscripts, including diaries, representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, who in the early twentieth century were in exile. Of special scientific value are records that are introduced into Ukrainian historiography for the first time. These include one of the volumes of B. Lazarevsky’s “Diary” for 1927–1929, the study of the content of which in connection with views, beliefs, artistic and journalistic creativity and public work of the writer is just beginning. Purpose – to introduce into the Ukrainian scientific space a unique historical source, which is the “Diary” of Borys Lazarevsky for 1927–1929, to expand the study of manuscript heritage of Ukrainian culture in exile in the 20–30’s of the twentieth century. Results – the “Diary” is, so to speak, densely bordered with Ukrainian markers. These are letters from Ukraine from relatives with comments, memoirs about his father O. M. Lazarevsky, reflections on historical and political topics (the last few), records of impressions from Ukrainian art evenings and concerts. B. Lazarevsky, apparently did not have close contacts with circles of the Ukrainian political or cultural elite. None of these people were among his friends. B. Lazarevsky acutely felt the falsity of propaganda moments in the tour of representatives of Ukrainian Soviet culture. He always reacted painfully to attempts to turn a blind eye to the emigrant environment on the policy of the USSR in Ukraine by cultural actions. Originality. The article continues to cover the contents of one of the 60 volumes of diary entries of the Russian and Ukrainian writer, public and cultural figure of the Paris emigration space Borys Olexandrovych Lazarevsky (1871–1936). The proposed materials for the first time present excerpts from the document, which complement the analysis of views and beliefs of the writer on the “Ukrainian question” among Parisian emigrants. Conclusion. The study of the memoirs and epistolary heritage of Borys Lazarevsky is almost absent in modern Ukrainian historiography. This is especially true of his emigration period, the so-called period Silver Age. Analysis and publication of the full content of the historical artifact, which, of course, is the “Diary”, is a matter of the future. Meanwhile, the “Diary” is a valuable and important source, the content of which will undoubtedly complement modern Ukrainian historiography in the study of Ukrainian intellectual (literary, scientific, creative) emigration of the 20s of the twentieth century. The article partially covers Borys Oleksandrovych’s attitude to the issues of Ukrainian identity and Ukrainian statehood, presents correspondence with a prominent Ukrainian composer and world-famous conductor, founder of the Ukrainian National Vocational Music School Oleksandr Koshyts (1875–1944). Further prospects of scientific researches are outlined.  

Existential and nostalgic motives in the poetry of Ostap Tarnavsky (the concept of “foreignness”)

The article considers existential and nostalgic motives in the poems of Ostap Tarnavsky of the period of emigration. The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of “foreignness”, which is part of the macro concept of “fate” and the leitmotif of numerous poems by the artist, written in exile. The poet’s existential and nostalgic lyrics, which combine the dramatic feelings of an emigrant exile and the existential understanding of his own destiny as a tragedy of the Ukrainian’s existence without Ukraine, are embodied in the pervasive opposition of a foreign land. As in many other emigrant poets, O. Tarnavsky’s poetry is pervasive in the image of a traveler – a “traveler” who wanders other people’s roads in search of the home. The existentialism of this dramatic image is that only the lyrical hero’s homeland can be a real home, but he moves away from year to year, remaining unattainable, and every day an unrealizable dream about him more like an illusion, creating fatigue in the lyrical hero’s soul, waves of loneliness, despair, and hopelessness, leaving in the heart only memories, tragic experiences of the past days, and lost hopes. It is studied that the concept of “foreignness” is realized in the lyrics of O. Tarnavsky through numerous semantic fields: travel, “exodus”, roads, pier, shelter, which together form a picture of emigration in the artistic and poetic world of the artist, who seeks refuge in foreign lands, looking back from time to time, where his native land recedes and disappears beyond the horizon, remaining in nostalgic memories and creating existential hopelessness of realizing the impossibility of returning home. In his lyrics, the artist comprehends the “exodus” of the Ukrainian people (and himself personally) from his native land from a historiosophical point of view and existential-philosophical awareness of the fate of the exiled emigrant in the era of historical cataclysms of the twentieth century.

War emigre periodicals of San Francisco in the 1920s-1930s

War emigre periodicals of San Francisco in the 1920s-1930s