Emic Perspective Research Articles

Western and non-western leadership styles and employee wellbeing: a case of a high-power distance context.

The study combines an emic and etic perspective to test the relationships between three different (Western and non-Western) leadership styles, that is, transformational, authoritarian, and benevolent paternalistic, and follower emotional exhaustion in a high-power distance context of Russia. It employs hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyse a sample of 403 followers to middle-level managers in Russian organizations. The analysis finds only transformational leadership to be generally negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. However, under conditions of high individual-level power distance orientation among followers, this association diminishes whereas that of authoritarian leadership and exhaustion increases. Benevolent paternalistic leadership is unrelated to emotional exhaustion. The study extends research on the relative importance of Western and non-Western leadership behaviors for employee wellbeing in high-power distance contexts and on how this importance differs across followers, thus highlighting the role of follower expectations in determining the effectiveness of leadership. It points toward the need for future research to simultaneously test the contingencies and relative importance of paternalistic, authoritarian, transformational, as well as other leadership styles in various cultures as well as to continue exploring the moderating influence of various cultural value orientations on these leadership styles' follower effects.

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER

This study aims to get a clear picture of the application of the Quality of Work Life (QWL) at Community Health Center/Puskesmas Banjarmasin Indah. This study seek to explore the phenomenon of Quality of Work Life (QWL) and to find out and analyze whether the application of Quality of Work Life (QWL) has an effect on employee performance for Community Health Center/Puskesmas Banjarmasin Indah. Data for this study was collected from 30 key informants whose willingness was based on snowball sampling and by observing as passive participants, semi-structured interviews, and with the help of open and closed question instruments. This research prioritized the emic perspective - with full attention to key informant perceptions. Miles and Huberman's phenomenological approach was used in this study. It was found that Quality of Work Life (QWL) has an effect on employee performance for Community Health Center/Puskesmas Banjarmasin Indah.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON WORK MOTIVATION OF SOLDIERS AT KOREM 101/ANTASARI

This study aims to get a clear picture of the application of the transformational leadership style at Korem Antasari. Ths study seek to explore the phenomenon of transformational leadership style and to find out and analyze whether the application of transformational leadership style has an effect on the work motivation of TNI AD soldiers at Korem 101/Antasari.Data for this study was collected from100 key informants whose willingness was based on snowball sampling and by observing as passive participants, semi-structured interviews, and with the help of open and closed question instruments. This research prioritized the emic perspective - with full attention to key informant perceptions. Miles and Huberman's phenomenological approach was used in this study. It was found that transformational leadership style has an effect on the work motivation of TNI AD soldiers at Makorem 101/Antasari.

Intersectional entrepreneurship: the burden of contextual embeddedness beyond the business

PurposeThis paper aims to shed new light on the contextual embeddedness of intersectional entrepreneurs, i.e. entrepreneurs situated at the intersection of multiple marginalized diversity attributes, beyond simply business strategies and decisions. Taking an emic perspective on everyday practices as intersectional entrepreneurs, it uncovers neglected dimensions of the contextuality of intersectional discriminations.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents qualitative data analysis results of in-depth narrative interviews with six intersectional entrepreneurs, all LGBTIQA* entrepreneurs with further diversity dimensions. It provides an emic view of intersectional entrepreneurs, in their everyday lives and the contexts, in which they develop their businesses.FindingsIntersectional entrepreneurs face different burdens induced by social structures along the entrepreneurial process. While access to the niche market is more difficult and they lack community support, their realization of intersectional discrimination is crucial for the development of business strategies. Simultaneously, intersectional entrepreneurs use their specific diversity attributes to develop their business, yet this proximity of their identity and the business contents has severe consequences for their mental state. Intersectional entrepreneurs adjust to the balance of opportunity and vulnerability.Originality/valueAs intersectional entrepreneurs are barred from conventional institutional support and also have limited access to resources from their respective social networks, there is an urgency to provide specific support for such entrepreneurs.

Conventional metaphorical scenarios of humor in Romanian

Abstract The way humorous verbal communication is construed in a linguaculture can be analyzed within the framework of cognitive metaphor theory and its more discursive and cultural developments. Cognitive/conceptual metaphors are instrumental for framing humor as a communicative form which goes beyond mere aesthetic experience. This article focuses on the conceptualization of verbal forms of humor in Romanian. The examples are retrieved mainly from internet mediated communication, backed by corpus analysis, and compared to older literary examples (19th–early 20th century). The examples illustrate the stability of various metaphorical scenarios in the Romanian linguaculture. The analysis reveals that several conventional metaphorical scenarios exist in parallel, displaying what are the functions of humor in an emic perspective. In the case of the Romanian examples, the list comprises the disciplinary, aesthetic, and therapeutic functions. The main metaphorical scenarios are subsumed to (physical) aggression, food, and health domains. The scenarios associated with each domain emphasize a certain function: for example, the disciplinary function of humor relates to physical aggression, while the aesthetic function relates to food. However, the conventional scenarios also show combinations between these functions.

A Phenomenological Perspective on Transformational Leadership Style and Work Motivation of Soldiers at Korem 101/Antasari

This study aims to get a clear picture of the application of the transformational leadership style at Korem Antasari. This study seeks to explore the phenomenon of transformational leadership style and to find out and analyze whether the application of transformational leadership style has an effect on the work motivation of TNI AD soldiers at Korem 101/Antasari. Data for this study was collected from100 key informants whose willingness was based on snowball sampling and by observing as passive participants, semi-structured interviews, and with the help of open and closed question instruments. This research prioritized the emic perspective - with full attention to key informant perceptions. Miles and Huberman's phenomenological approach was used in this study. It was found that transformational leadership style has an effect on the work motivation of TNI AD soldiers at Makorem 101/Antasari.

Beyond methodology: unveiling multisited entrepreneurship

PurposeMultisited ethnography has primarily been portrayed as a challenge for the following field-worker, with the researcher taking the central role and neglecting research participants also experiencing a multisited nature of their work. The authors argue that literature on multisited ethnography merely discusses multisitedness as a methodological theme. In correspondence, the authors propose to think of multisitedness not just as a methodological theme but also as an empirical theme.Design/methodology/approach The authors contend etic and emic perspectives to address multisitedness empirically, which enables researchers to compare and contrast the multisited topic of inquiry in academic “outsider” terms with the etic analysis and considering the perspective of the research participants' multisited experiences using the emic perspective. To show the fruitfulness of discussing multisitedness using the complementary etic and emic analysis, the authors present the example of Mennonite entrepreneurial activities in Belize, a heterogeneous group of migrants that established themselves as successful traders and entrepreneurs.Findings Through an etic multisited ethnographic perspective, the authors compare and contrast four communities of Mennonites in terms of their entrepreneurial activities, technology and energy use. Through an emic perspective, the authors demonstrate how Mennonites, while preferring an in-group focus, navigate their multisited entrepreneurial activities, which require interaction with the outside world.Originality/value The authors highlight the value of combining etic–emic reflections to acknowledge and include the multisited nature of many social phenomena as experienced by the research participants.

A Review of a Dissertation on the Topic of “Exploring the Effects of an Asynchronous Professional Development with the SAMR integration Model on High school Teachers’ Technology integration in the Classroom: An Action Research Study”

The purpose of the review has critically analyzed the dissertation for the partial fulfillment of those who are interested in studying and makes fully activated along with participation for critical interpretation of different levels of various conceptions and components of the dissertation. Not only this, it helps to develop a critical lens and provide visions, building up wider perspectives on different burning issues but also increases the ontological and methodological interpretation regarding the side emic and etic perspectives of researchers in the field of research. In this review, I have used different relevant articles and document analysis methods in applying critical ways. I have critically analyzed all the contents of the dissertation and put them into five themes. They are introduction, Critical analysis of summary, context analysis, organization of writing, and conclusion. The basic elements and their evidence are included in it. I have examined the linking of the topic with its research questions with objectives, methodology, literature, discussions, and findings with a conclusion. In the review, the major problems appear to be inadequate technology for teacher training, lack of time for implementation of technology and professional development course, and improper utilization of the teachers. I have concluded that professional development is a wider topic that spans multiple disciplines for students helping them to improve via programming and computing devices and focusing on cycles of action and reflection.

Dissonance and self-reflections: Decentering assumptions to foster learners’ cognitive flexibility

The process of developing intercultural competence requires students to decenter from their existing frames of interpretation. Dissonance creates opportunities to question assumptions by challenging the primacy of perspectives, fostering skills to grapple with new knowledge and the ability to think more dialectically about the world. The present study examines how reflecting on dissonance engages skills and dispositions that support the development of cognitive flexibility, the ability to switch between emic and etic perspectives. In an advanced French course focused on marketing and communication, embodiments of economic patriotism in advertising and marketing practices in France aimed to disrupt and destabilize assumptions about the impact and role of globalization on local product consumption and consumer behavior. The analysis of students’ self-reflections collected in two sections of the course shows that dissonance acted as a sensitizing device, signaling to students the limits of their own perspectives. The juxtaposition of multiple perspectives through the angle of marketing prompted reinterpretation, questioning, and awareness of the subjectivities of interpretation, fostering dialectical thinking skills. Imagination, interest, and curiosity were key in sustaining the decentering process and developing a readiness for cognitive flexibility.

Contextualising translation expertise

Abstract Translation expertise has been discussed intensely in (cognitive) translation studies. Most research has been conducted in laboratory settings, attempting to discern the differences between experienced translators (‘experts’) and lesser experienced translators. This has resulted in valuable, yet limited insights. We argue for the need to complement the picture with a broader perspective on translation expertise and to further investigate it in its authentic dynamic contexts, be they workplaces or other fields of practice. This implies seeing expertise as situated and performative, emerging from the interaction of social actors with their social and material environments. Emphasis is placed on the social, discursive construction of expertise and on the emic perspectives of the community being studied.

HOW READY ‘INDONESIAN ENGLISH’ IS TO LAUNCH: AN EMIC PERSPECTIVE

This is a qualitative study investigating the strength of the proposition of Indonesian English (Indolish) as a potentially emerging English variety from the outer/expanding circle from an emic perspective. This proposed variety does not yet exist even as a de facto English variety spoken in Indonesia or elsewhere. Nonetheless, the growing spread of English used by Indonesians has frequently prompted the idea of promoting the establishment of Indolish as a new English variety in the World Englishes areas for Indonesians. To clarify this early signal, an exploratory study was conducted to investigate the perspective of Indonesian postgraduate students who pursued their higher degrees in some Australian universities and whose overseas learning and language contact experience should bring them into a direct contact with a wide range of English varieties and thereby allowing them to better reflect on the significance of creating a special type of English for Indonesians. Seven participants responded to the three open-questioned survey questionnaire sent to two mailing list groups of Indonesian Postgraduate students. Two participants prefer to have Indolish while five others disagree with the idea. Majority of the participants show a strong nationalistic identity indicating a stagnant foundation process in Schneider’s Dynamic Model in Indonesian context. Nevertheless, the participants demonstrate a strong dependence on English NS norms which confirm Kachru’s proposition and indicate their rejection of Norton’s notion of ownership of English language. In conclusion, these participants view that Indonesian English does not seem ready to launch yet.

Ethnotaxonomy of buffallo (Bubalus Bubalis) on livestock system of the Gayo Community, Aceh

This paper aims to reveal the knowledge of the Gayo community about buffalo ethnotaxonomy so as to provide a good alternative for sustainability issues in maintaining local wisdom and identity. This research was conducted in Gayo Lues Regency using a qualitative approach because the main purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge and understanding of the Gayo community based on the emic perspective of the community regarding the classification of buffalo species. The data collection techniques used participatory observation, in-depth interviews, FGDs and document studies. The results showed that the knowledge of the Gayo community regarding the genetic ethnotaxonomy of buffalo can be seen from their ability to classify livestock types based on gender, skin color and horn shape owned by buffalo. There are six types of horns identified, namely: Caweng / Gaweng, Gonok, Gampang, Durung / Cakah, Rukup, Rebah, and Gope / Gupik. As for skin color, there are four categories, namely segem, jeged, impil-impil and sawak. The shape and characteristics possessed are indicators in determining the quality of the buffalo because it is correlated with the ability to endure, have energy and the quality of the meat produced. Knowledge of this matter is very useful for parties with an interest in the world of livestock to be used as a basis for policy making.

The Jejuluk in Komering tribe weddings in the globalization from a siyasa perspective

This article discusses jejuluk as the bestowing of traditional titles to the bride and groom in the Komering tradition after the wedding. This tradition is still preserved in the Komering community today. This article looks at the reason why it is important for the Komering people to bestow titles at a wedding ceremony, and how this tradition is maintained. This article is based on a study conducted in Tanjung Lubuk District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The study used symbol theory that integrated an ethical approach with the meaning of symbols based on the researcher's perspective. This study also used an emic perspective, which is a cultural understanding based on the owner of the culture. Data collection was carried out using three techniques: observation, in-depth interviews, and secondary data. In this research, two levels of analysis were used: interpretive qualitative analysis because this research is cultural research and analysis from the perspective of siyasa. This research shows that jejuluk is a tradition inherited from the ancestors to support the building of a sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah family because it has the values ​​of harmony and nobility. From the perspective of siyasa, jejuluk can be interpreted as a strategy for the Komering community to preserve local wisdom and values ​​in marriage, so their traditions and cultural roots of their ancestors are not lost amidst the strong currents of globalization.

Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning In Improving Students' Morals

. The qualitative research approach is research that is descriptive and tends to use analysis. The process and meaning are more highlighted in qualitative research, the theoretical foundation is used as a guide so that the focus of research is following research facts. The qualitative approach centers on the description of the subject's perspective, process, and conceptual details of the subject. When these two methods deal with the same research theme, the natural environment is a direct source of data, humans are the main tool/instrument of data collection, and data analysis is carried out inductively. Results: Results in general in scientific activities take a qualitative approach emphasizing the quality aspect of the quantity studied. Citing information on the Ministry of Education's website, the qualitative approach is an emic perspective. The purpose from an emic point of view is a form of qualitative research approach that uses data in the form of narratives, story details, expressions, and construction results from informants. Data can be obtained from data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews and observations.

Semantic codability in folk taxonomy: A cultural-linguistic perspective

A language definition is presented in the introduction without further detailed explanation, but it is given to show how language is viewed from a general perspective that encompasses most of its domains. Every word or phrase in this definition may rightly correspond to an independent branch in language studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the codability of meaning through examples taken from the dialect of a countryside in Marib, Yemen, specifically words related to animals and plants. The assumption in this study is that if the connotational features of meaning components are coded within the meaning of words, then these words are coined according to the need of the speaking community. As languages differ in selecting criterial features, they also differ in forming designata that pertain to the same extra-linguistic world. The main question in this study is: What is the nature of folk semantic codability? Is it a taxonomy or a partonomy? This ‘semantic codability’ of a word is the cause for non-equivalence in translation across languages. The emic perspective—description without analysis—was implemented in this study. Vocabulary related to domestic animals and wild plants were analysed by looking into their hierarchal relations. The relationship between words and concepts are also reviewed to exemplify their existence and frequencies in a language community due to interests, needs, concerns of that community. It is found that the purpose of semantic codability is to create specific labels (subordinates) for a general concept (superordinate), where this purpose plays a part as an economic communicative technique. There is a lack of richness among words related to animals’ taxonomies, which we rationalize to lack of interest in the language community. The conclusion is that semantic codability is driven by need and frequency of use, whether for taxonomy or partonomy.

Migratory encounters, common idiom, and the king: The relationship between two Roma groups from Poland in transnational social space

Roma ethnicity presents scholars with plenty of conceptual and methodological challenges, which in the light of the increased mobility of that largest European minority after EU enlargements has additionally perplexed academics and policymakers alike. This article presents our fieldwork data derived from encounters and conversations with Roma individuals in Poland and England. Our approach to this issue is rooted in the emic perspective, examining how Roma people navigate and cope with their own heterogeneity. By focusing on the relationship between two Roma groups from Poland, namely Polska Roma and Bergitka (or Carpathian) Roma, we shed light on Roma’s practical approaches to their group identity. We explore what is at stake when boundaries are encountered, negotiated, and occasionally bridged, in particular when it comes to gender and conflict resolution strategies. In the article, we account for the two groups’ interconnections through the history of migrations and current modes of transnational living. We show how, interestingly, nationality or common country of origin may become the binding factor. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .

Analyzing L2 Classroom Dynamics: A Conversation Analysis Perspective

This paper explores the reflexive relationship between pedagogy and interaction in second language (L2) classrooms, employing Seedhouse’s (2004) model and Conversation Analysis (CA) methodology. The analysis covers three contextual dimensions: form-and-accuracy, meaning-and-fluency, and task-oriented contexts. The study reveals the dynamic interplay between pedagogical focus and interactional organization, showcasing how participants negotiate linguistic forms, repair sequences, and engage in turn-taking to accomplish pedagogical goals. Despite critiques emphasizing the emic perspective’s limitations, the paper underscores CA’s contribution to understanding language use in teaching, offering pedagogical insights for language educators.

Torn between socio-political mandates and professional identity: Teachers’ collaborative reflection on their identity tensions

Although the construction of language teacher professional identity is situated in a social, political, and ideological context, scant attention has been paid to tensions emerging from the nexus between identity construction and these contextual variables. To address this gap, this study drew on English language teachers’ collaborative reflection to provide an emic perspective on the role of the socio-cultural context in the formation of teachers’ professional identity. Eight novice and experienced English language teachers participated in two separate collaborative reflection panels (four teachers in each panel) to reflect on the role of the socio-cultural context in Iran in their professional identity construction and identity tensions. Analysis of teachers’ reflection showed that three sets of interrelated socio-cultural variables impacted the participants’ professional identity tensions: (1) macro state-level variables; (2) meso institutional-level variables; and (3) micro individual-level variables. The findings also indicated that the participating teachers took different positions to resolve the tensions they experienced between their personal ideologies and external expectations at these three levels. The main implication of this study is for institutional administrators and teacher educators to devise plans to lessen the degree of tensions that teachers might experience in their process of professional identity construction and to afford them the agency to resolve these tensions.

(Im)politeness from an Emic Perspective. Illustrations from Present Day Romanian Parliamentary Debates

The paper focuses on metacommunicative and metadiscursive comments made by members of the Romanian Parliament with regard to the ‘(im)politeness’ of their own and their fellow members’ behaviour. The metacommunicative elements cover mainly the evaluative ‘(im)politeness’ lexicon, while the metadiscursive elements refer to the interactants’ comments on desirable behaviour and to the way of expressing expectations according to social norms. The aim of the paper is to construe, in a qualitative research, the institutional and cultural perspective on ‘(im)politeness’ in present-day parliamentary sittings. As a community of practice, the Parliament is an interesting arena for investigating the manner in which ‘(im)politeness’ is framed and commented on.

AI tools as affordances and contradictions for EFL writers: Emic perspectives and L1 use as a resource

This article responds to Warschauer et al. (this issue), which discusses the affordances and challenges generative AI tools offer the L2 writing field. Although the contradictions posited by Warschauer et al. resonate deeply, they seem somewhat lacking. Of these, two are conspicuous and related to the L2 writers themselves: (1) the emic (insider) perspective, and (2) an exploration of the writer's L1 literacy as a resource for L2 writing. I explore two of the three contradictions discussed by Warschauer et al. and offer alternative viewpoints grounded in emic and L1 literacy perspectives. In support, I use a study my colleagues and I recently completed (Sasaki et al., under review), which compared the effects of teacher corrective feedback (TCF) and AI machine translation (MT) as feedback. The findings of the study show that especially in EFL contexts, (a) AI can enhance L2 writing, with L2 writers’ L1 literacy being a crucial factor in this improvement, and (b) AI tools can raise L2 writers’ ability at all levels if used strategically. The article advocates a non-deficit view of L2 writers, with AI having the potential to further empower them, minimize unnecessary challenges, and ultimately foster academic inclusivity and excellence.