Emerging Wireless Networks Research Articles

A robust authentication scheme based on physical-layer phase noise fingerprint for emerging wireless networks

The increasing demand for different types of wireless communication services and the advanced wireless technology has led to the presence of emerging networks. However, wireless communication allows attackers to send useless information into the network through the process of multi-hop transmission, which results in the forwarding of many invalid data and the consumption of energy. To address this, the network needs effective identity authentication. In this paper, we propose a new robust authentication algorithm based on the phase noise fingerprint of the physical-layer (PHY). Furthermore, we propose a security authentication scheme of combined PHY fingerprints to ensure the survivability of the network in the presence of attacks or intrusions. The experimental results show that the identification rate of the simple multiple kernel learning (SimpleMKL) reaches 98.25%, and the scheme is robust against malicious nodes and efficient with low computation and storage.

Efficient Asymmetric Index Encapsulation Scheme for Anonymous Content Centric Networking

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is an effective communication paradigm that well matches the features of wireless environments. To be considered a viable candidate in the emerging wireless networks, despite the clear benefits of location-independent security, CCN must at least have parity with existing solutions for confidential and anonymous communication. This paper designs a new cryptographic scheme, called Asymmetric Index Encapsulation (AIE), that enables the router to test whether an encapsulated header matches the token without learning anything else about both of them. We suggest using the AIE as the core protocol of anonymous Content Centric Networking. A construction of AIE which strikes a balance between efficiency and security is given. The scheme is proved to be secure based on the DBDH assumption in the random oracle with tight reduction, while the encapsulated header and the token in our system consist of only three elements.

Security and Privacy in Emerging Wireless Networks

Security and Privacy in Emerging Wireless Networks

Evolution of Diversity Gain with and without Coding Gain in MIMO for Emerging Wireless Networks

Evolution of Diversity Gain with and without Coding Gain in MIMO for Emerging Wireless Networks

Joint Admission Control, Mode Selection, and Power Allocation in D2D Communication Systems

Device-to-device (D2D) communications can help in achieving the higher data rate targets in emerging wireless networks. The use of D2D communication imposes certain challenges such as interference with the cellular and D2D users. A well-designed joint admission control, network mode selection, and power allocation technique in a cellular network with D2D capability can improve overall throughput. The proposed technique jointly maximizes the total throughput and number of admitted users in cellular networks under quality-of-service (QoS) and interference constraints. The joint admission control, mode selection, and power allocation problem (JACMSPA) falls into a class of mixed-integer nonlinear constraint optimization problems that are generally NP-hard. Due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, its optimal solution needs exhaustive search of integer variables whose complexity increases exponentially with the number of user pairs. In this paper, we invoke outer approximation approach (OAA)-based linearization technique to solve the JACMSPA. The proposed method gives guaranteed $\varepsilon$ - optimal solution with reasonable computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach method.

Evaluating Impact of Wormhole on Distance Error and Connectivity of Network

mesh networks are the emerging wireless networks which are self organizing, maintaining, healing and configuring. The main trait of WMN is its dynamic and multi- hop nature. These networks provide the internet services to its users on low costs and with high bandwidth. These are made up of mesh routers and mesh clients. They can be easily deployed and are highly scalable. But the security of WMNs is the area of concern due to their vulnerable features they are open to many attacks of which wormhole attack is the worst. A wormhole attack is the one in which two or more conspired nodes forms a tunnel between them via which they sends the network traffic to one another and replays it. In our paper, we study the wormhole attack and then find its impact on distance error and connectivity of nodes. The distance error is found by knowing the ratio of trusted links and that of connectivity is found by knowing the unaffected, disconnected and partially affected nodes.

Sistema de gestión de recursos para mejorar la capacidad de transmisiones en redes malladas inalámbricas

With numerous active nodes in an 802.11-based wireless mesh network, operating on longer multi-hop routes, the total transmission capacity is limited and the overall network becomes unpredictable and less reliable. The presented work describes the next steps towards a more efficient resource management of a multi-radio node, in order to enhance the performance in this kind of networks. If non-overlapping channels are used for communication, the system enables an optimal usage of the available 802.11 spectrum. To manage bundles of multiple WLAN links between mesh neighbors, a modified node architecture and a novel middle-layer software module have been created. Hop-to-hop load balancing in a bundle is included in each node. In parallel, the inclusion of a distributed channel assignment protocol is foreseen. Packet scheduling is performed based on a set of pre-defined load balancing modes. The modes introduce awareness of current network conditions and cover a wide variety of requirements on mesh networks, from improved performance to robustness. Further inspiring technologies, like layer 2 forwarding and hop-to-hop priority queuing, have been tailored in the novel architecture. The achievement is a flexible platform that can be used for different purposes, ranging from a commercially oriented mesh backbone to spontaneously setting up wireless emergency networks. A set of simulator-driven measurements outlines the effectiveness of the multi-interface system.

Security Threats in Software Defined Mobile Clouds (SDMC)

Future Internet comprises of emerging ICT mega-trends (e.g., mobile, social, cloud, and big data) commands new challenges like ubiquitous accessibility, high bandwidth, and dynamic management to meet the data tsunami requirements. In the recent years, the rapid growth of smartphone business is highly evidenced due to its versatile usage irrespective of location, personality or context. Despite of increased smartphone usage, exploiting its full potential becomes very difficult owing to its typical issues such as resource scarcity, mobility and more prominently the security. Software Defined Networking (SDN), an emerging wireless network paradigm can make use of rich mobile cloud functionalities such as traffic management, load balancing, routing, and firewall configuration over physical abstraction of control planes from data planes. Hence SDN leads to a clear roadmap to Software Security control in Mobile Clouds (SDMC). Further it can be extended to a level of Security prevention. To address in this direction, this paper surveys the relevant backgrounds of the existing state-of-art works to come up with all possible SDMC threats and its countermeasures.

MIMO V-BLAST Scheme Based on Physical-Layer Network Coding for Data Reliability in Emerging Wireless Networks

The multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) proficiency is practicable to significantly improve the diversity and multiplexing gain in emerging wireless networks. Physical-layer network coding (PNC) can efficiently manage and improve the utilization of available spectrum. To resolve the data reliability and diversity gain, a kind of combination called Vertical-Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) and PNC has brought forth a V-BLAST with PNC (V-BLAST-PNC) strategy to enhance the throughput and the performance of emerging wireless networks. We propose a novel cross-layer V-BLAST-based PNC scheme to avail the diversity in multiplexing gain by packet redundancy. The redundancy is introduced to improve the throughput and energy efficiency performance in MU-MIMO by avoiding the packets retransmissions at an upper layer. Experimental evaluation is based on BPSK/QPSK modulation over flat fading channels with the zero forcing and minimum mean square error equalizers. Based on simulation results, we conclude that the proposed V-BLAST-PNC scheme has fewer packets retransmissions and better throughput when compared with the state-of-the-art traditional solutions.

Enhancing the Security against Flooding Attack in MANET for Medical Application

The emerging wireless networks are becoming an essential part of medical solutions due to its increasing accessibility for healthcare professionals/patients by reducing healthcare costs. Hence it is essential to secure the network against attacks most importantly flooding attack that makes the entire network to degrade. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET), each and every node act as transmitter and receiver and are assumed working with co-operative nature. There is no base station to control the moving nodes, so there is no security to protect the nodes. Therefore any node in MANET can act as a misbehaving/selfish node that affects the co-operative nature. This becomes hectic when the network is being utilized in medical field to send highly confidential/immediately needed information of patients. Watchdog is a well known mechanism to detect and prevent the selfish nodes. The detection of selfish nodes performed by watchdogs may fail, where it can give false positives and false negatives that can induce to poor performance. This is important on networks that need high security, where sometimes watchdog fails to detect the selfish nodes. In order to avoid these problems, Modified Collaborative Contact based Watchdog (CoCoWa) is designed and the attacker node is detected with reduced overhead. Thus, the proposed work introduces CoCoWa, an approach based on the diffusion of local selfish nodes when a contact occurs, so that information about the selfish nodes is quickly propagated. The collaborative approach is simulated in NS2 and the results are obtained. The important performance metrics such as overhead, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio are taken into consideration for performance evaluation. The overhead is reduced and the other metrics are obtained with increased performance.

AFDA: Asynchronous Flipped Diversity ALOHA for Emerging Wireless Networks With Long and Heterogeneous Delay

The design of random media access control (MAC) protocol renews great attention for emerging challenged wireless environments, where the propagation delay is long, heterogeneous, and/or varying, such as satellite or underwater acoustic sensor networks. In these environments, the existing MAC solutions based on slotted transmissions, carrier sensing, or channel reservation by control packets are no longer favorable or even feasible. In this paper, we propose the asynchronous flipped diversity ALOHA (AFDA) to tackle the challenges based on a new diversity transmission scheme. Different from the existing diversity transmission schemes, each data packet and its flipped replica are transmitted back to back, and the zigzag decoding technique is adopted to resolve collisions. The performance of AFDA has been evaluated by analysis and simulations. The results show that, without time synchronization or handshaking requirements, the performance of AFDA is unaffected by the duration or variation of the propagation delay, and it substantially improves system performance in terms of throughput, packet loss ratio, and network admission region.

Strategic bargaining in wireless networks: basics, opportunities and challenges

Strategic bargaining cooperative games have found extensive applications to resource management in wireless networks. In this survey, basics of a strategic bargaining game and solution concepts are firstly presented. Geometrical interpretations are introduced to better understand real meanings of them. Then, the authors survey the applications of various strategic bargaining games for the emerging wireless networks, where the authors concentrate on several interesting problems based on their previous systematic studies: (i) distributed resource management design for cognitive radio networks based on geometrical interpretation of the cooperative solution; (ii) asymmetric bargaining modelling for green communications; (iii) a unified utility tradeoff design between spectral and energy efficiency in heterogeneous cellular networks; (iv) the cooperative rate splitting game for Long Term Evolution-coordinated multi-point system; and (v) a general bargaining formulation with different tradeoffs between efficiency and fairness. In addition, the authors survey the applications of strategic bargaining games to cooperation incentive mechanism, bargaining game on capacity region of interference channel and multiuser and multimedia applications. Finally, challenges and potential research direction are summarised in this work.

PBS: A Portable Billing Scheme with Fine-Grained Access Control for Service-Oriented Vehicular Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an emerging wireless network technology used to improve road safety. Commercial services will play an important role in drawing customers to VANETs. Therefore, service-oriented vehicular networks offer an effective and promising approach. To meet the diverse requirements of different users, fine-grained access control is essential. This paper aims to address security, privacy and billing issues in service-oriented vehicular networks. Taking advantage of a portable electronic currency, the proposed scheme mitigates the long authentication delay of the centralized AAA architecture. Variant attribute-based encryption ensures fine-grained access control and secure billing. Only vehicles possessing the proper service attributes and valid electronic currency are authorized to access the requested service file. The security properties of entity authentication, session key agreement, privacy, fraud electronic currency prevention, double-spending prevention, and nonrepudiated billing are achieved. Extensive analysis and simulations demonstrate that our scheme is a viable candidate to replace a centralized AAA architecture with a decentralized method for better scalability in service-oriented vehicular networks.

Improving Energy Efficiency in Manet’s for Healthcare Environments

Now a day ad hoc mobile networks (MANETs) have lots of routing protocols, but no one can meet maximum performance. Some are good in a small network; some are suitable in large networks, and some give better performance in location or global networks. Today modern and innovative applications for health care environments based on a wireless network are being developed in the commercial sectors. The emerging wireless networks are rapidly becoming a fundamental part of every single field of life. Our proposed DEERP framework gives a better performance as compared to other routing protocol.

CUTS: Improving Channel Utilization in Both Time and Spatial Domain in WLANs

Improving channel utilization is a well-known issue in wireless networks. In traditional point-to-point wireless communication, significant efforts had been made by the existing studies on enhancing the utilization of the channel access time. However, in the emerging wireless network using MU-MIMO, considering only the time domain in channel utilization is not sufficient. As multiple transmitters are allowed to transmit packets simultaneously to the same AP, allowing more antennas at AP would lead to higher channel utilization. Thus, the channel utilization in MU-MIMO should consider both time and spatial domains, i.e., the channel access time and the antenna usage, which have not been considered in the existing methods. In this paper, we point out that the fundamental problem is lacking of the antenna information of contention nodes in channel contention. To address this issue, we propose a new MAC-PHY architecture design, CUTS, to allow distributed nodes effectively contend for the channel and utilize the channel in both domains. Particularly, CUTS adopts interference nulling to attach the antenna information in channel contention. Meanwhile, techniques such as channel contention in frequency domain and ACK in frequency domain using self-jamming are adopted. Through the software defined radio-based real experiments and extensive simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility of our design and illustrate that CUTS provides better channel utilization with the gain over IEEE 802.11 reaching up to 470 percent.

A Novel Chaotic Modulation Scheme in a Cooperative Relaying System

In recent years, the demand for new-generation wireless networks has spurred research on cooperative communication, a powerful physical layer technique to combat fading in wireless relaying scenario. Recently, chaos based communication has been proved to exhibit excellent features which suits better for the emerging wireless networks. Different chaos based modulation schemes has been analyzed with the recent literatures, of which the code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos shift keying (QCSK) schemes are proved to be the better schemes. By combining the advantage of aforementioned CS-DCSK and QCSK scheme, a novel modulation scheme called code shifted Quadrature chaos shift keying (CS-QCSK) is reported in our earlier work [21] and its suitability in a cooperative relaying scenario with a single relay node is tested in this paper. The novel CS-QCSK scheme is implemented in the nodes of the cooperative relaying system to upgrade the system performance. The simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by offering better BER performance, minimum outage probability and increased spectral efficiency compared to the non-cooperative transmission method.

Multiuser BER Analysis Of CS-QCSK Modulation Scheme in a Cellular System

In recent years, chaotic communication is a hot research topic and it suits better for the emerging wireless networks because of its excellent features. Different chaos based modulation schemes have evolved, of which the CS-DCSK modulation technique provides better BER performance and bandwidth efficiency, due to its code domain approach. The QCSK modulation technique provides double benefit: higher data rate with similar BER performance and same bandwidth occupation as DCSK. By combining the advantage of code shifted differential chaos shift keying (CS-DCSK) and Quadrature chaos shift keying (QCSK) scheme, a novel modulation scheme called code shifted Quadrature chaos shift keying (CS-QCSK) is proposed and its suitability in a multiuser scenario is tested in this paper. The analytical expressions for the bit-error rate for Multi-user CS-QCSK scheme (MU-CS-QCSK) under Rayleigh multipath fading channel is derived. The simulation result shows that, in multiuser scenario the proposed method outperforms classical chaotic modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER).

An Efficient Call Admission Control Scheme for Handling Handoffs in Wireless Mobile Networks

Personal Communication Network (PCN) is an emerging wireless network that promises many new services for the telecommunication industry. The proliferation of demands for extending wireless services to integrated services, which supports the transmission of data and multimedia information, has resulted in the need for broadband wireless systems that are able to provide service capabilities similar to those of wire line networks. The ATM cell- relay paradigm is one possible approach to provide broadband wireless transmission with PCN’s using the ATM switching networks for interconnection of PCN cells. As traffic in these mobile cellular networks increases,Handoffs will become an increasingly important issue . As cell sizes shrink to accommodate an increasingly large demand of services, newer more efficient handoff schemes need to be used. In this paper, the authors describe the use of novel and efficient data structure which dynamically allocates guard channel for handoffs and introduces the concept of channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme allocates the guard channels forhandoff requests dynamically, based on the traffic load for certain time period. A new originating call in the cell coverage area also uses these guard channels if they are unused. Our basic idea is to allow Guard channels to be shared between new calls an d handoff calls. This approach maximizes the channel utilization. The simulation results prove that the channel borrowing scheme improves the overall throughput.

TV White Space Technology: Interference in Portable Cognitive Emergency Network

We address the problem of interference between portable cognitive emergency wireless networks (PCENs) operating in the TV white space (TVWS). We use stochastic-geometric model to gauge the expected reduction of effective service area caused by the interference between adjacent PCENs. The modeling steps are introduced in a tutorial fashion, and our results reveal the intrinsic relationship that PCEN service area has with environmental and TVWS-related system parameters, such as number of available TV channels, density of PCEN networks, and path-loss attenuation exponent. Furthermore, we give an up-to-date and timely overview of the under going activities in international standardization bodies as well as regulations created toward the realization of communications in the TVWS.

Link Stability Based Multipath Video Transmission Over MANET

Video transport over adhoc networks is more challenging than other wireless networks. The wireless links in an ad hoc network are not very much error resilient and can go down frequently because of node mobility, interference, channel fading, and the lack of infrastructure. Moreover, typical video applications may need a higher bandwidth and higher reliability connection than that provided by a single link in current or emerging wireless networks. In Ad-hoc networks connection between source and destination may break down and has to be updated regularly. A path between a source-destination pair is called “stable” if it consists of most stable neighbors at each intermediate hops. Certainly, it is always desirable that any routing protocol picks up more stable paths. Using simulation we can show that our protocol is smart enough to cope with the mobility of the network.