Emergence Of Concept Research Articles

Food Literacy: An Emergent Concept for Dietetic Education

Food Literacy: An Emergent Concept for Dietetic Education

SYNERGY OF THE CRIMINOLOGICAL SPACE

Synergy implies the «merging of energies» as the evolution of a system occurs through all its elements interaction, regardless of how small their role may seem in the overall functioning of the system. The fundamental synergy postulate is the concept of the spontaneous emergence of order and organization from chaos through internal systemic self-organization and exchange with the external environment. Moreover, the system development is depicted as a succession of ordered and chaotic states, facilitating the system adaptation and self-preservation, progressing through stages of intensification to reach a new level of existence. Notably, the synergistic direction is also referred to as systemic-dynamic, and it represents the most challenging component of the criminological area, offering the most expressive portrayal of its content, which, however, contemporary researchers either refute or disregard.
 This article is to define this phenomenon, providing the criminological discourse as a synergistic system — a system of meanings within the criminological area that self-organizes, taking shape through their linguistic expression and mobilizing the functional potential of all elements on the path toward the attractor (cognitive goal). Conclusion: It can be argued that the intentional, purposeful expression of specific ideas by a criminologist simultaneously initiates processes of functional self-organization within the criminological discourse system. This is because the recipient’s perception of the idea occurs not so much as a sequential (chain-like) addition of unfolding semantic components but as an accumulation and integration into a unified, multidimensional criminological area.

A survey on professionals’ beliefs and practices related to emergent literacy skills in children with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Professionals and educator’s beliefs and existing practices for children with autism spectrum disorder and families in the Indian context are less known. Hence, there is a need to review the current emergent literacy practices followed by healthcare professionals for children with autism spectrum disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the beliefs and practices among healthcare professionals for emergent literacy instruction in children with autism spectrum disorder in the Indian context. A total of 195 qualified healthcare professionals with a minimum experience of 3 years of literacy instruction to children with autism spectrum disorder, participated in a web-based survey. Many participants possessed accurate beliefs on emergent literacy concepts of children with autism spectrum disorder and followed evidence-based emergent literacy approaches in literacy instruction to children with autism spectrum disorder. Most healthcare professionals (78.5%) reported that shared book reading, phonological awareness intervention, and a literacy-rich environment are beneficial for acquiring emergent literacy skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Healthcare professionals stated various effective emergent literacy interventions, several challenges in early literacy development, and the need for professional development programmes to assist literacy teaching to children with autism spectrum disorder. The results of the study confirmed the need to implement embedded-explicit emergent literacy intervention, which aligns with contemporary research. It further highlights the need for professional development programmes, research and evidence-based practices, an interdisciplinary approach, teaching resources and materials, parental awareness, and support programmes to assist literacy instruction in children with autism spectrum disorder. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry India identifier: CTRI/2020/11/029417.

A theoretical integration of leader emergence and leadership effectiveness: Over, under, and congruent emergence

SummaryThere is a long and rich history of research on the concept of leader emergence. Much of this research positions leader emergence alongside leadership effectiveness as an epiphenomenal criterion in leadership research. Although this view has enhanced our understanding of factors that influence leader emergence and leadership effectiveness individually, our understanding of the potential alignment or misalignment of these concepts remains opaque. Following from this, we are left with unanswered questions concerning how, why, and under what conditions do the right or wrong leaders emerge or fail to emerge. Theory that develops insights into these questions is needed to advance our understanding of leadership and to cope with challenges of identifying and developing effective leaders and maximizing leadership potential in organizations. By integrating theories of leader emergence and leadership effectiveness—and considering their implications jointly—we provide a conceptual basis for identifying and understanding a more complete range of leader emergence than has been suggested in the literature. Importantly, our theoretical frame explains how our leader emergence types—over‐emergence, under‐emergence, congruent emergence, and congruent non‐emergence—are differentially associated with a common set of factors. In doing so, we illuminate tradeoffs that might accompany different interventions intended to enhance leadership in organizations.

The Strategic Advantage of Impulsivity in Entrepreneurial Action: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Our study extends and enhances entrepreneurial action theory (EAT) by considering the strategic advantage or disadvantage of impulsive action. To date, EAT has largely sidestepped the role of dispositional impulsivity, limiting its veridicality and inclusivity. Popularized notions of celebrity entrepreneurs and an increasingly large body of empirical research on the prevalence of impulsivity have inspired a reassessment of what drives entrepreneurs. Looking beyond both the anecdotes and well-established prevalence of impulsivity, we develop and illustrate a novel theory concerning the fate of impulsive nascent entrepreneurs who are wired for nondeliberative, less-calculative action. We use an agent-based model and conduct simulation-based experiments involving 2.7 million virtual entrepreneurs to identify and explicate the specific conditions under which impulsivity does or does not generate strategic advantage. Accordingly, we contribute a broader and deeper theorization of EAT, taking notable steps toward the inclusion of nontraditional entrepreneurs and the varied impacts of impulsive action in this domain’s evolving conception of new venture emergence.

Social Well-Being of Higher School Teachers: Social Context and Measurement Criteria

The article is considered the problem of the university teachers’ social well-being, that is connected with significant and continuous changes in the social context of the development of the high education institution. Two issues are raised: about the complicated situation (context) and negative determinants impact on the teachers social well-being, and, accordingly, about the relevant criteria for measuring the social well-being in the studied professional group under the current conditions. It is explained that the complex social context and the observed changes in the teachers social well-being are determined by the ratio of objective and subjective factors: the increase in the number of risks and the rapid development of society affect not only the teachers’ status, but also how they aware themselves in these conditions. To confirm the thesis about a possible decrease in social well-being against the background of everincreasing social threats, the results of a sociological survey conducted at the Novosibirsk State Technical University using the questionnaire method (n = 327) are presented. According to these results, most teachers get satisfaction from their work and, above all, work with students, but the frequent changes in the concepts of higher education and emergence of external threats negatively affect the state of social well-being. Although slightly more than half “probably wouldn’t change” their profession for any other, not everyone can fully adapt to the new and constantly changing higher education system requirements. The positive socio-psychological climate in the subdivisions acts as a protective barrier against external threats. In general, the results obtained give reason to think about the need to monitor the state of social well-being of teachers in the process of modernizing the higher education system and create appropriate conditions for successful scientific and educational activities.

Active metamaterials for realizing odd mass density

Solids built out of active components have exhibited odd elastic stiffness tensors whose active moduli appear in the antisymmetric part and which give rise to non-Hermitian static and dynamic phenomena. Here, we present a class of active metamaterial featured with an odd mass density tensor whose asymmetric part arises from active and nonconservative forces. The odd mass density is realized using metamaterials with inner resonators connected by asymmetric and programmable feed-forward control on acceleration and active forces along the two perpendicular directions. The active forces produce unbalanced off-diagonal mass density coupling terms, leading to non-Hermiticity. The odd mass is then experimentally validated through a one-dimensional nonsymmetric wave coupling where propagating transverse waves are coupled with longitudinal ones whereas the reverse is forbidden. We reveal that the two-dimensional active metamaterials with the odd mass can perform in either energy-unbroken or energy-broken phases separated by exceptional points along principal directions of the mass density. The odd mass density contributes to the wave anisotropy in the energy-unbroken phase and directional wave energy gain in the energy-broken phase. We also numerically illustrate and experimentally demonstrate the two-dimensional wave propagation phenomena that arise from the odd mass in active solids. Finally, the existence of non-Hermitian skin effect is discussed in which boundaries host an extensive number of localized modes. It is our hope that the emergent concept of the odd mass can open up a new research platform for mechanical non-Hermitian system and pave the ways for developing next-generation wave steering devices.

A learning perspective on the emergence of abstractions: the curious case of phone(me)s

AbstractIn this study, we propose an operationalization of the concept of emergence which plays a crucial role in usage-based theories of language. The abstractions linguists operate with are assumed to emerge through a process of generalization over the data language users are exposed to. Here, we use two types of computational learning algorithms that differ in how they formalize and execute generalization and, consequently, abstraction, to probe whether a type of language knowledge that resembles linguistic abstractions could emerge from exposure to raw data only. More specifically, we investigated whether a phone, undisputedly the simplest of all linguistic abstractions, could emerge from exposure to speech sounds using two computational learning processes: memory-based learning and error-correction learning (ECL). Both models were presented with a significant amount of pre-processed speech produced by one speaker. We assessed (1) the consistency or stability of what these simple models learn and (2) their ability to approximate abstract categories. Both types of models fare differently regarding these tests. We show that only ECL models can learn abstractions and that at least part of the phone inventory and its grouping into traditional types can be reliably identified from the input.

And nature, a complex relationship

Over the course of its history, design has never lost sight of nature as a term of comparison, sometimes taking from it, sometimes moving away from it. To investigate the complex relationship between the two terms, design and nature, we cannot ignore the evolution of man and how it has been profoundly influenced by technological innovation, which is the most evident result of science. Tracing an evolutionary line of design thinking, a double trajectory can be registered: on the one hand the tension towards progress and the myth of the machine, on the other hand the idea of a harmonious co-evolution with nature and the need to be reconnected with it. Besides, it is progress that allows mankind to thoroughly investigate natural mechanisms and make them their own. Contemporary design, autonomous but at the same time increasingly interdisciplinary, has got blurred boundaries which intersect with the most advanced fields of biological sciences. This evolution has opened up a whole new field of investigation that multiplies the opportunities of innovation, especially from a sustainability-oriented point of view. Today the dramatic breaking of the balance between man and nature has turned into the concept of permanent emergency, which is now matter of greatest interest for design, a design that attempts to react, mend, adapt to change in an authentically resilient way.

Evaluating policy complexity with Causal Loop Diagrams

Methods to capture the complexity of using policy instruments would allow us to better evaluate the reasons for their effectiveness. Drawing from complexity science, we produce a Causal Loop Diagram to analyse the implementation of two informational policy instruments in a tourism destination: the Global Sustainable Tourism Council criteria and the European Tourism Indicator Scheme. To interpret the emerging system structure, we use complexity theory concepts of emergence; interdependence and interconnectivity; co-evolution; self-organisation; feedback; historicity and path dependence. This qualitative methodology sheds light on the interplay of factors that facilitate and impede the continuous use of these policy instruments. It shows how adopting a complexity science approach to evaluation studies can be invaluable to making tourism policy interventions more impactful.

A Grounded Theory of Culturally Responsible Music Teaching

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of culturally responsible music teaching (CRMT) from the perspective of U.S. music teachers working in various formal settings. “Cultural responsibility” is an emergent concept regarding teaching and learning that (a) connects with students’ cultural frames and lived experiences, (b) empowers students in their own construction of knowledge and art, and (c) opens students to multiple viewpoints and perspectives on the world and music so that students will have meaningful music experiences and a more meaningful life due to music. I selected a constructivist grounded theory methodology to examine the development of cultural responsibility as a complex, detailed process over time. I sought and found 31 participants who identified as progressive K–12 music teachers who empower diverse learners. Thirteen facets of cultural responsibility were found: inviting, relatable, reachable, interactive, active and student-driven, creativity-based, musically diverse, interdisciplinary, multimodal, enjoyable, heartfelt, crafted, and determined teaching and learning. Music teachers described engaging students in such processes in various, distinct ways. Data revealed that music teachers are more or less culturally responsible because of the elements (methods, aims, and beliefs) of their pedagogy and, in relation, the presence or absence of each facet.

Emergence: A pluralist approach

Despite the common use of the concept of emergence, no uncontroversial theoretical framework has been yet formulated in this regard. In this paper, I examine what this circumstance suggests about the significance and usefulness of this concept. I first trace a brief history of the notion of emergence from its first formulation among the British Emergentists to its contemporary uses. Then, I outline its most common features and examine three examples of emergent phenomena, namely particle decay, free will, and division of labour in ant colonies. These three cases of emergence exhibit different features and imply criteria which only partially overlap. I then suggest that the multiplicity of features and criteria recognised as defining emergence, rather than being a threat to the tenability of the concept, should encourage the assumption of a pluralist attitude that is consistent with both the employment of this idea in different sciences and the recognition of emergent phenomena across different levels of organisation. Finally, I propose that emergence can be approached in a similar way to how Richard Boyd approached the problem of natural kinds, namely by identifying an open cluster of properties, rather than a set of necessary and sufficient conditions.

"But I Live Here Too": Social-structural stressors, racial discrimination, and resiliency among urban dwelling black emerging adult men.

For many Black emerging adult men in the United States, social-structural stressors rooted in racial discrimination are daily experiences that place them at greater risk for poor health. Emerging adulthood is a critical life course period marked by greater experimentation with health risk behaviors. Although Black men's health vulnerabilities during this period are connected to their social-structural environments, investigations of these factors among noncollege sampled Black men remain limited. We conduced thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews to examine associations between social-structural challenges and social-structural resources for resiliency. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using Dedoose web-based qualitative software. Through open coding, emergent concepts were connected across interviews and major themes were identified. We found three core social-structural stressors: (1) Racial profiling, (2) neighborhood violence, and (3) lack of economic opportunities, and three resilience factors: (1) Positive social networks, (2) community-based resources, and (3) safe environments that foster a sense of community. Collectively, these findings provide insight into developing structural- and community-level interventions tailored to bolster resiliency across multiple levels and counteract the social-structural challenges that young Black men face.

Relationship between organisational culture and collective coping strategies in project teams: an exploratory quantitative study in the UAE construction industry

PurposeThis study explores the role of organisational culture in promoting collective coping strategies in construction project teams in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Three collective coping strategies were examined, including problem-focused, relationship-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies.Design/methodology/approachO'Reilly et al.’s (1991) organisational culture profile (OCP) assessed organisational culture values. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from practitioners in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) construction organisations.FindingsThe findings show a high correlation between competitiveness culture values and problem-focused team coping strategy. Relationship-focused team coping strategy was found to have a high correlation with emphasis on rewards and performance orientation values. Conversely, an emotion-focused team coping strategy correlates highly with competitiveness, supportiveness and emphasis on rewards cultural values.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design of the survey and the UAE context may present limits to the generalisability of findings.Practical implicationsLimited attempts have been made to study collective coping in construction project teams. The study paves the path for exploring emergent socio-psychological concepts in construction organisations, including the impact of organisational culture on team collective coping with adverse events.Originality/valueUnderstanding the pivotal impact of culture on successful team coping provides managers with valuable insights into managing situational adversity in construction project teams.

Emergence in emergency: How actors adapt to service ecosystem disruption

Marketing scholars are applying the concept of emergence to understand an increasingly unstable world. While what emerges is of interest, the present study enriches conceptualisations of how emergence unfolds through a netnographic study of an online network formed to address the deficiencies of service ecosystems disrupted by Covid-19. We identify how a new network between actors with no prior ties to each other is formed at speed by individuals to integrate unregulated resources, and observe the early emergence of a proto-institution in the form of new practices as actors move quickly to stabilise this network. Initial interactions are prompted by individual vulnerability but sustained by the emergence of a shared conception of vulnerability among surprisingly agentic actors. While these findings stem from a single case of disruption, they suggest that further research which deepens understanding of emergent phenomena in conditions of volatility and uncertainty would be of great value.

‘Not Too Good to be True’: A Proposal to Further Benefit from Emergence in Management Research

Emergence is inherent to organizational life and design. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, emergence has been appraised as a conceptual avenue that surpassed the limitations of traditional thinking and epistemology. In this essay, I suggest that, despite its relevance and popularity among management scholars, emergence has remained underused. I rely on Kuhn’s view (1962) to better understand the reasons for this paradox and propose some practical avenues to improve our understanding and use of the concept. This essay has three objectives: (1) to demonstrate that emergence is relevant to better understanding organizations; (2) to explain why emergence remains underused in management and organization theory (MOT); and (3) to propose practical guidelines to further rely on the concept of emergence.

The Influence of Emergency Programs on Self Efficacy and Helping Motivation of Adolescents in Tourism Villages

Bali tourism industry must be supported by various aspects, especially health aspect. Tourist villages in Bali are developing. Emergency conditions such as traffic accidents and disasters are situations that can happen anywhere, to anyone, and at any time. Good preparation, prevention, and handling of emergency conditions will provide a sense of security for visiting tourists and tourism service actors in tourist villages. Tourism villages have never provided information about preparation, prevention, and handling when an emergency occurs. When emergency situation occurs, the community only waits or immediately takes the victim to health services. Teenagers are expected to be bystanders in their environment. This study aims to determine the effect of an emergency program on increasing self-confidence (self-efficacy) and motivation to help someone in an emergency. An emergency program is a program that consists of material and emergency concepts that can be applied to community settings. This study used a quantitative method using a pre-experimental research design. The sample in this study were people in tourist villages who were willing to become respondents, namely 85. The results of this study showed that there was an influence of emergency programs on self-efficacy (p-value = 0,007) and motivation to help (p-value = 0,001) in adolescents in tourist villages. From the results of this study, it is hoped that the emergency program will become one of the intervention recommendations in an effort to increase self-efficacy and motivation to help people in emergency situations.

Thermal batteries based on inverse barocaloric effects.

To harvest and reuse low-temperature waste heat, we propose and realize an emergent concept-barocaloric thermal batteries based on the large inverse barocaloric effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). Thermal charging is initialized upon pressurization through an order-to-disorder phase transition, and the discharging of 43J g-1 takes place at depressurization, which is 11 times more than the input mechanical energy. The thermodynamic equilibrium nature of the pressure-restrained heat-carrying phase guarantees stable long-duration storage. The barocaloric thermal batteries reinforced by their solid microscopic mechanism are expected to substantially advance the ability to take advantage of waste heat.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Capacity Building Training for High School Students in Martapura, Banjar Regency

The Banjar Regency area is prone to flooding and is one of the disaster areas that can cause casualties and stress that triggers an increase in cardiovascular disease sufferers. This condition requires community preparedness for emergencies. The purpose of this community service activity is to train partners skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills to be able to help victims of cardiac or respiratory arrest. The first implementation of this community service activity is carrying out an initial test to recognize emergency signs in heart and lung attacks, then providing an introduction to the concept of heart and lung emergency through lecture methods, discussion, and sharing related to real events of cardiopulmonary arrest in the community, then the final stage is evaluation of student abilities. The target of this community service activity was 40 students who are members of the High School Youth Red Cross in Martapura City, Banjar Regency. The results of this community service activity students understand material related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and providing basic life support counseling has a significant effect on student knowledge. Through this activity, students are expected to be able to provide a pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation, and students can disseminate information to those closest to them.

Mobilising change in cities: A capacity framework for understanding urban energy transition pathways

AbstractThe role of cities in mobilising transformative change has gained increasing attention in global discourses on climate change and sustainability. Through the lens of urban energy transitions, this paper focuses on how this form of change within the urban energy system can be mobilised. Capacity is an emergent concept and has been adopted to identify areas for change and assess the transformative potential of cities. Connecting three dimensions of capacity: capacity for what, capacity of whom and the process of capacity building, we present a new conceptual framework to understand diverse transition pathways. To interrogate the capacity framework in practice, we explore the illustrative cases of Hamburg and Hong Kong. The paper demonstrates that capacity is connected to specific changes in political, material, institutional and other energy‐related societal contexts. Understanding the variety of dependencies and underlying challenges within urban energy systems , as well as the kinds of actor coalitions that are capable of addressing such complexity and mobilising change, enables the development of specific socio‐technical solutions for urban energy transition pathways. Our focus on local capacity to act and how such capacity can be expanded or diminished contributes to a deeper understanding of the power relations embedded in urban energy systems and the role local actors can play in enabling and hindering processes for change. Such examination of how complex trajectories for change are defined and shaped allows significant insights into plausible futures of urban development.