Emergency Response Plan Research Articles

Who Commands the Gun? Mobilization and Use of China's Armed Police

AbstractRecent reforms to China's People's Armed Police have changed the balance of authority between central and local officials, continuing a pattern of reduced local control and granting more authority to Xi Jinping in his role as Central Military Commission chairman. The new system, however, attempts to balance central control with provisions that allow local officials down to the prefecture level to take command in some circumstances. This system intends to allow for rapid mobilization in cases of social unrest or natural disasters, although a review of emergency response plans and other Chinese sources indicates uneven implementation. The risk is that centralization could slow emergency response, although the effects will depend on the nature of civil–military coordination at different levels. The paper describes new legal authorities, assesses implementation and challenges, and reaches conclusions about the implications for Chinese political control and emergency response.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019.

PkM Edukasi Organisasi Tim Tanggap Darurat di Area Kerja pada Karyawan PT. Sarana Tirta Alamindo

An emergency is an unexpected difficult situation that requires immediate treatment to prevent accidents/fatalities. The work environment has the potential for emergencies such as fires and earthquakes. According to risk identification data, the work environment area must be prepared to face disasters by preparing resources. Support infrastructure facilities and human resources. Support infrastructure facilities and human resources. Prevention efforts to minimize risk are by planning a disaster emergency response system. Emergency response unit is a work unit specially formed to deal with emergency situations in the workplace. Emergency response teams work quickly to deal with all disaster events quickly, precisely, and accurately and to reduce the incidence of casualties and losses due to disaster events. Implementation of community service activities for employees of PT. Sarana Tirta Alamindo provides participants with an understanding of emergency response so that they are able to plan emergency response preparedness in the work area. The results of the emergency response socialization activity in the work area, employees understand the importance of being ready for emergency response, through training and discussion all must be familiar and able to apply in their work area emergency response conditions and the importance of support from company leaders to form an emergency response team that works and is directly responsible for handling the situation. work area emergency.

INFORMATION SOURCE AND DESTINATION CHOICE: MEDIATION OF PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACTS AND PERCEPTION OF DESTINATION

The tourism industry has changed at its core in response to the emergence of economic vitality, climate change, and notably the recent COVID-19 outbreak. This study’s objectives are (1) to examine the factors affecting tourists’ destination choices, including their information sources, their perceptions of their destinations, and their perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact and (2) to determine which of these factors play the most critical mediating role (i.e., perception of COVID-19 pandemic impact or perception of destination) in the relationship between information source and destination choice. Data from an online survey data of 645 respondents from Vietnam and MTurk were analyzed using SPSS version 22, Smart PLS 2.0 and Hayes Process 3.5. Our empirical findings suggest that (1) information source positively influences destination choice, (2) perception of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact acts as a key mediator in the relationship between information sources and destination choices, and (3) perception of destination ranked first as the most vital factor in tourists’ destination choices. Our studies also discovered that the relationship from Information sources -> Perception of destination -> Destination choice is the strongest effect on travelers among the three indirect relationship. Our research will be of the greatest benefits to tourism stakeholders or tourism businesses as a foundation for further exploration into consumers’ behavior and attitudes toward destinations and help them to promote efficient emergencyresponse plans.

Predicting the variability in pedestrian travel rates and times using crowdsourced GPS data

Accurately predicting pedestrian travel times is critically valuable in emergency response, wildland firefighting, disaster management, law enforcement, and urban planning. However, the relationship between pedestrian movement and landscape conditions is highly variable between individuals, making it difficult to estimate how long it will take broad populations to get from one location to another on foot. Although functions exist for predicting travel rates, they typically oversimplify the inherent variability of pedestrian travel by assuming the effects of landscapes on movement are universal. In this study, we present an approach for predicting the variability in pedestrian travel rates and times using a large, crowdsourced database of GPS tracks. Acquired from the outdoor recreation website AllTrails, these tracks represent nearly 2000 hikes on a diverse range of trails in Utah and California, USA. We model travel rates as a function of the slope of the terrain by generating a series of non-linear percentile models from the 2.5 th to the 97.5 th by 2.5 percentiles. The 50 th percentile model, representing the hiking speed of the typical individual, demonstrates marked improvement over existing slope-travel rate functions when compared to an independent test dataset. Our results demonstrate novel capacity to estimate travel time variability, with modeled percentiles being able to predict actual percentiles with less than 10% error. Travel rate functions can also be applied to least cost path analysis to provide variability in travel times.

Organization and client perspectives on homelessness in Boston, MA during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A descriptive qualitative study

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a magnifying glass on what we have been seeing for a long time. With large-scale impacts across the globe, an increased burden has been placed on people experiencing homelessness who already face barriers to necessities such as housing, food, and quality health care. This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences of people experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic and of those working for supporting organizations in the Greater Boston Area between July-November 2020. Additionally, the study identified key recommendations for policymakers or service providers to use in creating inclusive policies and emergency response plans that consider the needs of the homeless community. The study comprised individual interviews and focus group discussions from two groups: 1) employees from supporting organizations (medical organizations, shelters, universities, and housing organizations) and 2) people experiencing homelessness. An inductive content analysis of interview transcripts was conducted to identify emerging themes and recommendations. Community dialogues were held with participants to confirm results and explore any new potential topics or recommendations. Four key themes were identified from interviews: 1) Social inclusion, 2) Services and resources, 3) Community support and collaboration, and 4) Government response and policy. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted major gaps in existing support for people experiencing homelessness on the state and federal levels while also emphasizing the importance of community support and collaboration for this vulnerable population. Further work must be conducted to develop and implement more inclusive policies and regulations to support this community.

Co-Designing Together through Crisis: Development of a Virtual Care Guidance Document to Support Providers, Older Adults, and Caregivers.

COVID-19 has had a disproportionate and devastating impact on older adults. As health care resources suddenly shifted to emergency response planning, many health and community support services were cancelled, postponed, or shifted to virtual care. This rapid transformation of geriatric care resulted in an immediate need for practical guidance on decision making, planning and delivery of virtual care for older adults and caregivers. This article outlines the rapid co-design process that supported the development of a guidance document intended to support health and community support services providers. Data were collected through consultation sessions, surveys, and a rapid literature review, and analyzed using appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods. Although this work took place within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting resources and lessons learned related to collective impact, co-design, population-based planning, and digital technologies can be applied more broadly.

Establishing a Public Health Emergency Operations Center in an Outbreak-Prone Country: Lessons Learned in Uganda, January 2014 to December 2021.

Uganda is highly vulnerable to public health emergencies (PHEs) due to its geographic location next to the Congo Basin epidemic hot spot, placement within multiple epidemic belts, high population growth rates, and refugee influx. In view of this, Uganda's Ministry of Health established the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PHEOC) in September 2013, as a central coordination unit for all PHEs in the country. Uganda followed the World Health Organization's framework to establish the PHEOC, including establishing a steering committee, acquiring legal authority, developing emergency response plans, and developing a concept of operations. The same framework governs the PHEOC's daily activities. Between January 2014 and December 2021, Uganda's PHEOC coordinated response to 271 PHEs, hosted 207 emergency coordination meetings, trained all core staff in public health emergency management principles, participated in 21 simulation exercises, coordinated Uganda's Global Health Security Agenda activities, established 6 subnational PHEOCs, and strengthened the capacity of 7 countries in public health emergency management. In this article, we discuss the following lessons learned: PHEOCs are key in PHE coordination and thus mitigate the associated adverse impacts; although the functions of a PHEOC may be legalized by the existence of a National Institute of Public Health, their establishment may precede formally securing the legal framework; staff may learn public health emergency management principles on the job; involvement of leaders and health partners is crucial to the success of a public health emergency management program; subnational PHEOCs are resourceful in mounting regional responses to PHEs; and service on the PHE Strategic Committee may be voluntary.

Risk assessment of dammed lakes in China based on Bayesian network

Scientific risk assessment of dammed lakes is vitally important for emergency response planning. In this study, based on the evolution process of the disaster chain, the logic topology structure of dammed lake risk was developed. Then, a quantitative risk assessment model of dammed lake using Bayesian network is developed, which includes three modules of dammed lake hazard evaluation, outburst flood routing simulation, and loss assessment. In the model, the network nodes of each module were quantified using statistical data, empirical model, logical inference, and Monte Carlo method. The failure probability of a dammed lake, and the losses of life and property were calculated. This can be multiplied to assess the risk a dammed lake imposes after the uniformization of each loss type. Based on the socio-economic development and longevity statistics of dammed lakes, a risk-level classification method for dammed lakes is proposed. The Baige dammed lake, which emerged in China in 2018, was chosen as a case study and a risk assessment was conducted. The obtained results showed that the comprehensive risk index of Baige dammed lake is 0.7339 under the condition without manual intervention, identifying it as the extra-high level according to the classification. These results are in accordance with the actual condition, which corroborates the reasonability of the proposed model. The model can quickly and quantitatively evaluate the overall risk of a dammed lake and provide a reference for decision-making in a rapid emergency response scenario.

A Community Impact Scale for Regional Disaster Planning with Transportation Disruption

This paper proposes a simple analytical scheme and associated qualitative impact scales that capture the spatially varying effects of a regional disaster. Large-scale disasters that affect many towns and cities pose particular challenges for emergency response planning. For example, disruption to transportation systems can impede regional supply chains of critical goods, thereby exacerbating the impacts suffered locally in communities. Conventional metrics of disaster severity, such as number of casualties or intensity of ground shaking, do not adequately capture how community impacts and needs may vary across the affected region, and they do not typically consider regional transportation disruption. Using a series of impact scales, the approach in this paper captures essential attributes of three broad components related to community impacts from a regional disaster—local disaster impacts in a community, regional transportation disruption to the community, and the community’s coping capacity—and aggregates them to an overall metric of community impact. The approach can be implemented with widely varying degrees of data availability, as demonstrated in two case applications. Both cases involve an M9 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake affecting a broad region of coastal British Columbia, Canada. The first application illustrates how in a pre-event planning situation, modeled results can be used to anticipate which communities are at greatest risk, and to help prioritize mitigation and emergency response planning. The second case demonstrates how in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, the approach can be used with limited information to help prioritize response and recovery activities.

Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Mitigasi Bencana Berbasis Riset Pencegahan Longsor Lahan dengan Cara Vegetatif

This study aims to determine the impact of research-based learning on disaster mitigation education courses for students of the Geography Education study program at the Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. The method used is a survey of students both before learning and after learning. While the data analysis technique used qualitative analysis. The results obtained from this study are students can understand knowledge and attitudes in dealing with disasters, can understand disaster policies and guidelines, can understand disaster emergency response plans, and can understand disaster early warning systems.

Pengembangan Sistem Peringatan Dini Cuaca Ekstrem Terintegrasi Berbasis Y-Model Webgis Development Methodology (Y-WDM)

The incidence of hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia is in the largest percentage for the last 10 years. The development of an integrated extreme weather early warning system is one of the initial processes in a series of hydrometeorological disaster mitigation efforts. Data models, observation and remote sensing become the database in early warning of extreme weather, the officers who carry out early detection of hazards so that they have sufficient waiting time to prepare an effective emergency response plan. In this study, an early warning system was built by implementing the Y-Model WebGIS Development Methodology (YWDM) which is a combination of geographic information systems and web-based application development context. Spatial data processing is carried out using the python programming language, including radar and weather satellite data, surface observation, lightning detection, storm detection and identification, and nowcasting models. Web GIS visualization is built by using JavaScript and php programming language, database management managed using PostgreSQL. The results of the implementation are in the form of a SPACE (Spatial Based Extreme Weather Warning System) framework which Sidarma-Nowcast is a system within the framework. The development of this system shows an increase and the level of improvement in the process of producing and disseminating early warning information.

Development of a gamma ray dose rate calculation and mapping tool for Lagrangian marine nuclear emergency response models

This paper presents the development and testing of a gamma radiation dose rate calculation model for the marine environment, and evaluates the potential use for such a model in both short term nuclear emergency response management and emergency response planning. This is believed to be the first implementation of a full field gamma radiation mapping model (including air attenuation and buildup) to be incorporated within a Lagrangian marine dispersion model. Calculated surface gamma ray dose rates for nine generic release scenarios are presented and used to undertake an emergency countermeasure optioneering assessment.

Pandemic-Resilient Sustainable Settlement Model in Makassar City

A pandemic is one of many types of disasters that must be considered in emergency response planning. Currently the Covid-19 pandemic is sweeping the world, including Indonesia, so there is increasing concern about urban settlements that have high density and vulnerability to Covid-19 because housing is one of the important factors during the pandemic. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to conduct a study on a sustainable urban settlement model that is resilient to pandemics so that it can facilitate and overcome pandemic cases that have or will occur. Resilient housing is a residential area or residence inhabited by people who are ready to face any threat, including Covid-19. The research location is a residential real estate located in the city of Makassar. The research method used is multiple regression, t test and f test. As a result, the most influential factor on the security of housing residents during the pandemic is supervision, while the most influential factor in increasing the transmission of Covid-19 is the vulnerability of socio-economic mix, both of which are the most dominant variables in increasing housing resilience to the pandemic. There are various control strategies with a pandemic resilient sustainable housing model, namely increasing supervision, limiting socio-economic mixing, principles of resilience and sustainability.

Resetting the Course for Foundational Public Health Services (FPHS) During COVID-19.

Underfunding of the governmental public health system in the United States has been a problem for many years, and the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the significant gaps in public health infrastructure that have resulted from this inadequate funding. The states of Ohio, Oregon, and Washington received funding in 2016 to define, measure, and advocate for the foundational public health services (FPHS) delivered by the governmental public health system. They have taken unique but related approaches to strengthening work in the areas of categorical public health programs and the underlying infrastructure and capabilities that support the programmatic work. All 3 states conducted assessments of gaps and funding needs that have allowed them to advocate for, and receive, limited resources for the governmental public health system. These resources were used to strengthen the public health system in ways that assisted with pandemic response. The pandemic also provided many opportunities for the states to demonstrate the importance of the foundational capabilities (assessment, communications, partnership development, policy, leadership, quality improvement, emergency response planning) and public health infrastructure in the areas of information technology and laboratory capacity. These opportunities allowed states to make progress in obtaining funding for FPHS. While heavily focused on the program area of communicable disease control, the pandemic response highlighted the importance of having a robust public health infrastructure that is well supported in the areas of foundational capabilities. Substantial infrastructure investments will allow health departments to close gaps in health inequities; contribute to the significant work needed postpandemic in the areas of chronic disease, behavioral health, climate change, and social determinants of health; and be better prepared for future emergencies.

The use of Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) to model an emergency response plan

Accident models, analysis methods and emergency response plans affect what accident investigators and emergency response leaders look for, which contributing factors are found, and which recommendations are issued. This paper contrasts the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) for an emergency response plan. FRAM illustrates the dynamic interactions within socio-technical systems and lets the analyst understand the how and why by describing non-linear dependencies, performance conditions, variability, and their resonance across functions. So, it defines a systemic framework to model complex systems from the perspective of function and views accidents and emergency response strategies as emergent phenomenon of function’s variability, It is playing an increasingly significant role in the development of systemic emergency response plan.

Assessing the Implication of Climate Change to Forecast Future Flood Using CMIP6 Climate Projections and HEC-RAS Modeling

Climate change has caused uncertainty in the hydrological pattern including weather change, precipitation fluctuations, and extreme temperature, thus triggering unforeseen natural tragedies such as hurricanes, flash flooding, heatwave and more. Because of these unanticipated events occurring all around the globe, the study of the influence of climate change on the alteration of flooding patterns has gained a lot of attention. This research study intends to provide an insight into how the future projected streamflow will affect the flooding-inundation extent by comparing the change in floodplain using both historical and future simulated scenarios. For the future projected data, the climate model Atmosphere/Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) developed by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is used, which illustrates that the flood is increasing in considering climate models. Furthermore, a comparison of the existing flood inundation map by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) study with the map generated by future projected streamflow data presents the entire inundation area in flood maps, implying the expansion area compared to FEMA needs to be considered in making emergency response plans. The effect of flooding in the inundation area from historical to future flow values, presented mathematically by a calculation of inundation extent percentage, infers that the considered watershed of Rock River is a flood-prone area. The goal is to provide insights on the importance of using the forecasted data for flood analysis and to offer the necessary background needed to strategize an emergency response plan for flood management.

Thermal modeling for supporting firefighting and emergency response planning

AbstractThis literature review looks at the various types of approaches to industrial storage tank fires and evaluates how quantitative consequence analysis with thermal modeling may aid in the development of industrial site fire preplans and emergency response planning guidelines. Emergency response planners may employ the use of thermal contours on plot plans generated by available consequence modeling software. Such performance‐based approaches can effectively take into account the associated sociotechnical factors and site‐specific hazards. With these approaches, the planners can identify appropriate preventative actions and responses, such as the activation of cooling on adjacent equipment, as well as establishing safe approach/muster point distances from hazardous sources of thermal heat stress.

Pendidikan Siaga Bencana melalui Pembelajaran Integratif bagi Siswa SD

This research aimed to analyze implement disaster preparedness education through integrative learning on elementary schools and the obstacles in implementing it. This research was a qualitative research. Data was collected using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data using the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely by reducing data, displaying data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the two schools linked disaster preparedness materials in the main subjects, so they did not stand as separate subjects. There were differences in the mapping of material aspects, even though the two schools present material on disasters, but they were adjusted to see the potential for natural disasters that occur in their respective regions. The material aspects presented in both schools were disaster knowledge, threats from disasters, disasters viewed from several aspects, and anticipatory actions to reduce the risks caused. Implementation refered to the parameters of disaster preparedness, namely school policies, building knowledge and attitudes through integrative learning, making emergency response plans and early warnings that had been mutually agreed upon, and maximizing the mobilization of existing resources in schools to achieve disaster preparedness goals

Pendidikan Siaga Bencana melalui Pembelajaran Integratif bagi Siswa SD

This research aimed to analyze implement disaster preparedness education through integrative learning on elementary schools and the obstacles in implementing it. This research was a qualitative research. Data was collected using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data using the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely by reducing data, displaying data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the two schools linked disaster preparedness materials in the main subjects, so they did not stand as separate subjects. There were differences in the mapping of material aspects, even though the two schools present material on disasters, but they were adjusted to see the potential for natural disasters that occur in their respective regions. The material aspects presented in both schools were disaster knowledge, threats from disasters, disasters viewed from several aspects, and anticipatory actions to reduce the risks caused. Implementation refered to the parameters of disaster preparedness, namely school policies, building knowledge and attitudes through integrative learning, making emergency response plans and early warnings that had been mutually agreed upon, and maximizing the mobilization of existing resources in schools to achieve disaster preparedness goals