Emergency Recovery Research Articles

Analysis of emergency situations at railway transport facilities

The work is aimed at summarizing information about the current state and features of rescue and emergency activities in emergency situations at railway transport facilities. Analytical methods were used to study Russian and foreign publications, legal acts and other sources on rescue and emergency recovery activities aimed at eliminating consequences of emergency situations at railway transport facilities. The article concludes that there is a need for practical interaction between the control bodies and the functional warning and response subsystem.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO ELIMINATE THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS DURING THE TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

The article describes the problems during the transportation of dangerous goods, and during the elimination of accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. The solution of these problems is also presented. The purpose of this study is primarily to improve the procedure for transportation of dangerous goods by rail, and liquidation measures, as well as to reduce the time spent on the elimination of accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. Method. This article describes in detail the proposals proposed by the authors to improve the procedure for transportation of dangerous goods, and liquidation measures in the legal field, by reviewing the powers of employees, as well as by developing and using a universal sorbent of composite materials. That is, the authors propose the development of a universal sorbent and its introduction in railway transport. The scientific novelty is the creation of a universal sorbent, which will be able as one of the liquidation measures in emergency situations during the transportation of dangerous goods by rail. Practical significance. In Ukraine, there are many sorbents on rail transport to eliminate accidents, there are many, but one sorbent can be used only to eliminate a specific class of danger, and our universal sorbent can be used to eliminate several classes of dangerous goods. The authors propose to attach it to the train, which will allow to immediately start the localization of the spill before the arrival of the emergency recovery train, and thus reduce the precious time for liquidation measures. when transporting dangerous goods.

Методика оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов'язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями воєнного характеру

В статті розглянуто удосконалену методику оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов'язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями воєнного характеру.
 На сьогоднішній час для оцінювання ефективності застосування різнорідних сил та засобів цивільного захисту застосовуються, в основному, евристичний та дослідно-теоретичний методи, які базуються на використанні деяких імовірнісних характеристик, розрахованих за допомогою аналітичних залежностей.
 Вірний вибір показників та критерію є вирішальним, важливим і складним етапом під час удосконалення методики оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, пов’язаних з надзвичайними ситуаціями. Вони залежать, перш за все, від змісту аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, наявність та склад сил та засобів, що залучаються до процесів підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, зокрема до забезпечення режим припинення вогню та гуманітарного розмінування, а також фізико-географічних, кліматичних характеристик та техногенного навантаження операційного району.
 Аналіз особливостей функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт в умовах воєнного часу свідчить про необхідність розгляду питання щодо удосконалення методики оцінювання ефективності функціонування системи підтримки аварійно-відновлювальних робіт, яка б врахувала особливості появи і накопичення обсягів завдань з розмінування, які потребують своєчасного вирішення.

A Lunar Astronaut Launcher

This article discusses the issues involved in launching humans with an electromagnetic railgun launcher. The acceleration tolerance limits are discussed based on prior work by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and USAF. A potential application is described, wherein an emergency recovery system for astronauts on the lunar surface could be used for launch into lunar orbit for subsequent rendezvous and recovery aboard a parent vehicle. Tradeoffs between tolerable astronaut Gee-loads and launcher parameters are discussed, and the possibility of direct drive with batteries is considered. The tentative conclusion, subject to further analysis, is that such a system may be possible but that comparison with alternatives is required before a decision could be made to undertake such a development.

Simulating Flood Recovery Manoeuvres Using a Free-Running Submarine Model

Managing submarine safety, effectively, requires an understanding of many areas of platform performance, including its ability to manoeuvre. QinetiQ’s free-running submarine model (FRM) capability, the second generation Submarine Research Model (SRMII), forms a key part of the UK’s predictive manoeuvring capability that supports the MoD’s ability to conduct hydrodynamic assessment of the manoeuvring and control performance of the Royal Navy’s current and future submarines. Uniquely for an FRM, the SRMII has a large and capable ballast system. This is able to emulate a flooding incident within a submarine compartment and the subsequent emergency recovery procedures, which may include blowing the submarine’s main ballast tanks. This paper discusses how the SRMII’s ballast system was used to generate model-scale trajectories, which are not obtainable with many other FRMs. The experimental data were used to successfully validate the mathematical model, which predicts the maximum pitch angle response of a full-scale submarine to a compartment flood, to within an average accuracy of 1% at model-scale. However, the range of the non-dimensional flow angles the FRM exhibited was shown to be within that for a full-scale flood trajectory. Therefore, further tests have been proposed to increase the extent of the data in the future.

Developed QoS Using S-EA3ACK Algorithm for MANETs

In recent research year the growingexpertise that allows to the usersto access information and services anywhere regardless of theirgeographic location called as MANET. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)is the significant technologies among various unwired communicationtechnologies where all the mobile nodes are mobile and which can beconnected to random dynamically using wireless link in the randommanner. It can afford Quality of Service (QoS) necessities in real notifytransmission for wireless application. But it stream counting criticalmission request like military use or emergency recovery. The objectives ofin this work proposeefficient Secure Quality Oriented Distributed (S-QOD)with Secure Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgements (S-EA3ACK),Implement a new intrusion detection system for on-demand wirelessnetworks, SQOD can improve a best performance of output quality(QoS) to reduce transmission delay, transmission time and also increasenetwork communication throughput for Enhanced Adaptive 3 ACK’s(S-EA3ACK) using EAACK (DSA) with MAJE4 symmetric cryptographyspecially designed for MANET through Network Simulator-2 (NS2) toimplement it .

Multi-resource scheduling and routing for emergency recovery operations

Efficient delivery of multiple resources for emergency recovery during disasters is a matter of life and death. Nevertheless, most studies in this field only handle situations involving single resource. This paper formulates the Multi-Resource Scheduling and Routing Problem (MRSRP) for emergency relief and develops a solution framework to effectively deliver expendable and non-expendable resources in Emergency Recovery Operations. Six methods, namely, Greedy, Augmented Greedy, k-Node Crossover, Scheduling. Monte Carlo, and Clustering, are developed and benchmarked against the exact method (for small instances) and the genetic algorithm (for large instances). Results reveal that all six heuristics are valid and generate near or actual optimal solutions for small instances. With respect to large instances, the developed methods can generate near-optimal solutions within an acceptable computational time frame. The Monte Carlo algorithm, however, emerges as the most effective method. Findings of comprehensive comparative analysis suggest that the proposed MRSRP model and the Monte Carlo method can serve as a useful tool for decision-makers to better deploy resources during emergency recovery operations.

A Smartphone Crowdsensing System Enabling Environmental Crowdsourcing for Municipality Resource Allocation with LSTM Stochastic Prediction.

Resource allocation of the availability of certain departments for dealing with emergency recovery is of high importance in municipalities. Efficient planning for facing possible disasters in the coverage area of a municipality provides reassurance for citizens. Citizens can assist with such malfunctions by acting as human sensors at the edge of an infrastructure to provide instant feedback to the appropriate departments fixing the problems. However, municipalities have limited department resources to handle upcoming emergency events. In this study, we propose a smartphone crowdsensing system that is based on citizens’ reactions as human sensors at the edge of a municipality infrastructure to supplement malfunctions exploiting environmental crowdsourcing location-allocation capabilities. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is incorporated to learn the occurrence of such emergencies. The LSTM is able to stochastically predict future emergency situations, acting as an early warning component of the system. Such a mechanism may be used to provide adequate department resource allocation to treat future emergencies.

Emergency recovery of the crew of the manned transportation spacecraft Soyuz during ascent to orbit (towards a history of development of the unique space hardware)

The paper is dedicated to the development of the equipment for emergency recovery of the Soyuz spacecraft crew during ascent to orbit, and contains a summary of research, engineering, design and experimental studies, carried out by specialists of RSC Energia (formerly OKB-1), TsNIIMash (formerly NII-88), TsAGI and many other companies that were involved in the development of the emergency crew rescue equipment. The paper discusses layout arrangements for the emergency escape nose section, algorithms for the operation of the emergency rescue system, provides results of simulations of the motion of the emergency escape nose section and structural parts of the spacecraft in case of the launch vehicle failure, provides brief results of the analysis of actual cases of emergency crew rescue, including the failure of Soyuz-FG launch vehicle on October 11, 2018. Key words: descent vehicle, emergency escape nose section, separation equipment.

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS OF INSURANCE FUND OF DOCUMENTATION OF UKRAINE

In accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On the Insurance Fund for Documentation of Ukraine» and the Regulation on the State Archival Service of Ukraine, one of the main tasks of the Archives of Ukraine is to coordinate and control the formation of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine, its conduct, retention and provision to users of copies of documents of the insurance fund of documentation necessary for putting into production, operation and repair of defense, mobilization and economic products, construction (restorations), emergency rescue and emergency recovery operations during emergency response and during a special period, as well as in the field of preservation of information about cultural property. The aim of the study is to establish uniform principles for the classification of documents of the insurance fund of documentation, information about which is entered in the State Register of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine. The questions of the analysis of the procedure for maintaining the State Register of Documents of the Insurance Fund of Documentation of Ukraine, the study of the process formation the registration number of the document of the insurance fund of documentation, the analysis of classifiers state, departmental, sectoral and regional appointment and the development of the classifier of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine are highlighted. The classifier of documents of the insurance fund of documentation of Ukraine is intended for use by subjects of the state system of the insurance fund of documentation during the creation, formation, maintenance and use of the insurance fund of documentation within the powers defined by the legislation of Ukraine.

CoVid-19 Pandemic Trend Modeling and Analysis to Support Resilience Decision-Making.

Policy decision-making for system resilience to a hazard requires the estimation and prediction of the trends of growth and decline of the impacts of the hazard. With focus on the recent worldwide spread of CoVid-19, we take the infection rate as the relevant metric whose trend of evolution to follow for verifying the effectiveness of the countermeasures applied. By comparison with the theories of growth and recovery in coupled socio-medical systems, we find that the data for many countries show infection rate trends that are exponential in form. In particular, the recovery trajectory is universal in trend and consistent with the learning theory, which allows for predictions useful in the assistance of decision-making of emergency recovery actions. The findings are validated by extensive data and comparison to medical pandemic models.

Evaluating the Learning Performance of Emergency Procedures for Operators in Metro Based on a Cognition Model

With the rapid development of the automated metro, valid emergency procedures play a significant role for operators in metro emergency response and recovery. Also, the operators have a challenge to learn different emergency procedures under different automation grades of the metro. Hence, the paper aims to evaluate the learning performance of emergency procedures with regard to the operator. Based on the ACT-R cognitive theory, two decision patterns of the operators are proposed to predict the operator’s learning process for emergency procedures, and a cognition model including 16 production rules and 32 chunks to realize the perceptual encoding and the corresponding determining parts is built. After that, an experiment is further implemented to validate the model results.

Social, ethical and communication aspects of uncertainty management

The European project CONFIDENCE identified, conceptualised and addressed social uncertainties through a multi-method research approach. The research highlighted the uncertainties faced by publics, emergency management actors and decision-makers in nuclear emergencies and during the recovery phase. It showed that nuclear emergency management is dominated by decisions under uncertainties, that non-experts face also different uncertainties than experts, that emergency plans need a (continuous) reality check and that sound communication, openness and transparency about uncertainties may contribute to better decisions. It also suggests that national emergency response and recovery policies should consider and support the capacity of local actors to deal with an emergency or post-accident situation, for instance by carrying out their own measurements. This way, social uncertainties can be addressed and in some situations reduced, and the communication improved.

Design and Analysis of a Variable Buoyancy System for Efficient Hovering Control of Underwater Vehicles with State Feedback Controller

The design process for Variable Buoyancy System (VBS) is not known in full, and existing approaches are not scalable. Furthermore, almost all the small size Autonomous Underwater Vehicles/Gliders (AUVs/G’s) use very low capacity of buoyancy change (in the range of few milliliters) and the large size AUVs require large buoyancy change. Especially for adverse weather conditions, emergency recovery or defense-related applications, higher rate of rising/sinking (heave velocity) is needed along with an ability to hover at certain depth of operation. Depth of UVs can be controlled either by changing the displaced volume or by changing the overall weight and, herein, our focus is on the later. This article presents the problem of design and analysis of VBS for efficient hovering control of underwater vehicles at desired depth using the state feedback controller. We formulate and analyze the design and analysis approach of VBS using the fundamental of mechanics, system dynamics integration and control theory. Buoyancy is controlled by changing the overall weight of the vehicle using the ballasting/de-ballasting of water in ballast tanks through the use of Positive Displacement Pump (PDP) for control in heave velocity and hovering depth. Furthermore, detailed mass metric analysis of scalable design of VBS for different buoyancy capacities is performed to analyze the overall performance of the VBS. Also, the performances of AUVs integrated with VBS of different buoyancy capacities are investigated in both the open loop and closed loop with the LQR state feedback controller. Hovering performance results are presented for three Design Examples (DEs) of AUVs with 2.8 m, 4.0 m and 5.0 m length and they are integrated with various buoyancy capacities at 9 kg/min rate of change of buoyancy. Results indicate that the AUVs achieve the desired depth with almost negligible steady state error and when they reach the desired hovering depth of 400 m the maximum pitch angle achieved of 16.5 degree for all the Des is observed. Maximum heave velocity achieved during sinking is 0.44 m/s and it reduces to zero when the vehicle reaches the desired depth of hovering. The presented computer simulation results indicate good performance and demonstrate that the designed VBS is effective and efficient in changing the buoyancy, controlling and maintaining the depth, controlling the heave velocity and can be used in rescue/attack operations of both the civil and defense UVs.

Methodological approaches to emergency recovery onboard the International Space Station

Keeping parameters of the atmosphere within a manned space complex close to those on Earth is a pre-requisite for the crew’s being able to live and work in space. Any relatively small change in atmospheric parameters may pose a threat to the life of the crew and calls for an immediate response to the situation. The emergencies which are to be handled exclusively by the crew of the manned space complex include depressurization of pressurized volumes, fire and toxic contamination of the atmosphere. Crew actions in such situations are governed by special flight procedures. The paper describes main assumptions and requirements taken as a basis for developing crew procedures for response to emergencies onboard the International Space Station (ISS), as well as methodological techniques embodies in the flight procedures, which make it possible to optimize crew emergency response taking into account the locations of the modules and crew rescue vehicles within the Russian Segment of the ISS. Key words: manned space station, emergency, International Space Station

Bending the Curve of Global Freshwater Biodiversity Loss: An Emergency Recovery Plan.

Despite their limited spatial extent, freshwater ecosystems host remarkable biodiversity, including one-third of all vertebrate species. This biodiversity is declining dramatically: Globally, wetlands are vanishing three times faster than forests, and freshwater vertebrate populations have fallen more than twice as steeply as terrestrial or marine populations. Threats to freshwater biodiversity are well documented but coordinated action to reverse the decline is lacking. We present an Emergency Recovery Plan to bend the curve of freshwater biodiversity loss. Priority actions include accelerating implementation of environmental flows; improving water quality; protecting and restoring critical habitats; managing the exploitation of freshwater ecosystem resources, especially species and riverine aggregates; preventing and controlling nonnative species invasions; and safeguarding and restoring river connectivity. We recommend adjustments to targets and indicators for the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sustainable Development Goals and roles for national and international state and nonstate actors.

Estimation of Seismic Hazard Potential and Attendant Potential Human Fatalities from a Scenario Earthquake on the Sanchiao Fault in Northern Taiwan

In this article, the seismic hazard potential in northern Taiwan, including Taipei City, New Taipei City, Keelung City and northern Taoyuan areas are estimated in the form of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Modified Mercalli Intensity as well as to assess attendant potential human fatalities from a scenario earthquake on the Sanchiao active fault in these areas. By using ground motion prediction equation method in a case of Mw6.88 resulting in the ShakeMap patterns of ground motion, showed the areas of PGA above 400 gals are located in the regions inside the yellow lines of the PGA contour map. Furthermore, the areas of PGA greater than 637 gal are located in the northern Bali and the border area of Sinjhuang and Shulin. Likewise, the high PGV area greater than 60 cm/s are located in the border area of Sinjhuang, Taishan and Shulin. In addition, from estimation of potential human fatalities for a scenario earthquake on the Sanchiao active fault, it is noted that potential fatalities increase rapidly in people above age 45. Total fatalities reach a high peak in age groups of 55–64. Another to pay special attention by Taipei City Government is the number and percentage of fatalities above age 85 are more in Taipei City with values of 419 and 8.54% than New than Taipei City with values of 319 and 5.02%. In addition, it is surprising that the number and percentage of fatalities are 1234 and 9.75%, respectively in Taoyuan City. Overall, the results of this paper will enable both local and central governments in Taiwan to take notice of potential earthquake threat in these areas, as well as to improve decision making with respect to emergency preparedness, response, and recovery activities for earthquakes in northern Taiwan.

RESULTS OF EMERGENCY RECOVERY WORK AND ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL SUPPORT DURING THE FLOOD ELIMINATION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE IRKUTSK REGION BY THE AIRMOBILE GROUP OF THE TULA RESCUE CENTER OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA (FROM JULY 6 TO AUGUST 15, 2019)

Relevance. Heavy rainfall in June July 2019 and a rise of water levels in rivers caused flooding in the Irkutsk region. About 11 thousand houses, 49 road sections were flooded, 22 bridges were destroyed and damaged. Over 45 thousand people were affected by the flood, 25 people died, 6 went missing. In the areas of disaster, emergency regime was declared. 10 meter dam on the Iya River was broken, the most dangerous flood was in the Tulun town, Irkutsk Region. The powerful pressure of the river, sweeping and destroying everything in its path, surged into the town. Residential houses and farm buildings floated along the river, breaking against a bridge. On June 29 at 2 p.m. there was a maximum water level of 13 m 87 cm, which was almost 2 times higher than the critical level, after which the water began to decline. The flood divided the city into 2 parts.Intention is to present the results of emergency recovery work and analyze the medical support during the flood elimination in the Irkutsk region.Methodology. The airmobile group (AMG) of the Tula Rescue Center of the EMERCOM of Russia was formed in the amount of 100 persons to participate in the emergency response. From July 6 to August 15, 2019 military personnel of AMG performed emergency recovery work during a flood in the Tulun town, Irkutsk Region.Results and analysis. Due to the unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the area of emergency response, military personnel of the AMG were vaccinated against hepatitis A. During emergency recovery operations, 4941 dump trucks (123,525 m3) of solid waste were removed, 122 houses and adjoining territories were cleared from household rubbish as a result of a bypass and targeted assistance to the population, 210 destroyed residential buildings and 345 outbuildings were dismantled, 390 m of drainage trenches were dug, 23,396 m3 of water was pumped out from courtyards and streets, 10 tons of humanitarian aid were loaded, transported and unloaded, and other works. On August 13, 2019, AMG employees were involved in a rescue operation with the subsequent air medical evacuation of the victim. 47 cases of treatment of the affected people within primary health care were registered. The general morbidity (help seeking) of AMG military personnel was 1190 ‰, i.e. each soldier turned for medical help 1.2 times. In the structure of the general morbidity, the 1st rank was taken by diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (XII chapter according to ICD 10), the 2nd – diseases of the respiratory system (X chapter), the 3rd – diseases of the digestive system (XI chapter). The prevaling cases of treatment were infected foot and leg scuffs, acute respiratory infections, acute toothache, enterocolitis.Conclusion. An algorithm for cooperation with local authorities of the State system for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations in the territory of the Angara region has been developed. The experience gained in organizing medical support for military personnel of the Tula Rescue Center of the EMERCOM of Russia will allow detailed planning of the forces and means of the medical service in the formation of an airmobile group.

The study on the factors influencing the quality of paint and varnish coating when repairing the car body

AbsractThe article presents the main results of the studies on the factors influencing the quality of paint and varnish coating of the car body while performing the emergency recovery repair. The relevance of scientific observations in the presented work is that the issues connected with the quality assessment of applying and drying of paint and varnish coating of the body are not studied to the full extent. It especially concerns the cars that need recovery repair after road accidents. The data presented in the article can be applied while assessing the technical state of the cars, injured as a result of break-down incidents; when training specialists in the automotive industry; with the color selection of paints and varnishes and further application on the body. The scientific work provides the contribution to the improvement of the efficiency indicators of the cars operation on the basis of defects testing of decorative protective coating of the body and the definition of the factors influencing the quality of paint and varnish coating during repair application. The scientific novelty of the article consists in obtaining the identification results of the most significant factors affecting the quality of the paint and varnish coating applied while repairing, aimed at the restoration of the critical state of the car body resulting from the traffic accident.

Novel Secured Keys Generation (NSEKG) with User Property based Artificial Bee Colony (UPABC) for IDPS in MANET

Wireless networks are been used now-a-days. The most important fact about wireless network is it is mobile. It is thus used in many fields. One of the most important applications of wireless networks is Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) in which all the nodes work as both transmitter and receiver. MANETs are used in various fields like military, industry and emergency recovery. In order to provide adequate security against multiple attacks, the researchers are of the opinion that detection-based schemes should be incorporated in addition to traditionally used prevention techniques. Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) is an effective defense mechanism that detects and prevents the security attacks at various levels. In recent work a polynomial key is employed for achieving useful key generation process and a polynomial is generated to compute the pair-wise key but it can be easily detected by the attacker so to improve the security in IDPS system, this work proposes the secure routing using Novel SEcured Keys Generation (NSEKG) against IDPS system. This proposal implements with two major keys: Secure Key (SeK) and Sharing key (ShK) creation is performed via the use of the User Property based Artificial Bee Colony (UPABC) algorithm and the frequency based behavior with certainty measurement on routing paths. These SeK and ShK keys creation with UPABC scheme exploits the encrypted value of the packets and the decryption determine whether the route reply is the result of a malicious node or not. The proposed NSEKG -IDPS system is very effective for communication attacks and needs to be gradually improved in order to detect multiple attacks. The performance is evaluated primarily in accordance with the subsequent metrics like Packet delivery ratio (PDR), Routing Overhead (RO), End-End-Delay (E2E), and Throughput