Emergency Equipment Research Articles

Anaesthetic Management of a Pregnant Lady with Epstein Anomaly

Wilhelm Ebstein first described the clinical and anatomical features of an anomaly of the tricuspid valve in 1866, which occurs in 1 percent of congenital heart defects (1 in 110,000 of the general population). It is characterized by dysplastic abnormalities of both basal and free attachments of the tricuspid valve leaflets, with downward displacement and elongation of the septal and anterior cusp, with resulting tricuspid regurgitation. Congestive heart failure and sudden collapse are the most common causes of death Case Report: A 21 year old primi with 37 wks gestation was referred to our hospital for complicated pregnancy management. She complained of occasional palpitations, and dyspnoea on severe exertion. She had no history of recurrent chest infections, cyanosis or heart failure in the past. On examination she had pansystolic and mid-diastolic murmurs with right parasternal thrill, along with widely split second heart sound. The ECG showed sinus rhythm with right bundle branch block. Chest X-ray showed enlarged right atrium with cardiomegaly, while echocardiogram showed the presence of moderately enlarged right atrium, tricuspid regurgitation with downwardly displaced tricuspid valves, confirming diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly. Her blood reports were within normal limits. We kept ready all routine and emergency drugs and equipments. Subsequently she was shifted into the OT, monitors were attached, and given antibiotics for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis. A sitting epidural was tried at L3-4 interspace. INJ bupivacaine 0.5% 15cc given in graded doses of 5 cc every 5 minutes by monitoring hemodynamic response. Level achieved till T6. Thereafter left lateral tilt and oxygen were continuously administered to the patient. Intraoperatively her vitals were stable and duration of operation was 60 minutes and a female baby of birth weight 2.4kg was extracted. Postoperatively the patient vitals were stable. Conclusion: In conclusion, women with Ebstein’s anomaly may present with a multitude of problems and, should be considered as high risk and cared for in tertiary centres by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, cardiologists and obstetric anaesthetists in pregnancy and during delivery. Epidural anaesthesia in a fractionated or ‘graded’ manner provides a haemodynamically stable patient with adequate analgesia, and may be preferred to general anaesthesia in these patients.

Integration of BIM data and real-time game engine applications: Case studies in construction safety management

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has unique features that improve safety management in construction by visually identifying potential risks. Integrating BIM with a real-time game engine is a cutting-edge idea for more effective safety management. This study aims to conduct two case studies by integrating BIM data with game engines from two aspects: 1) Construction Safety Training and 2) Pre-construction Safety Management. A framework that covers techniques for extraction of safety ideas, managing the game engine, and character modeling tools and resources is used to carry out the case studies. In the first case study, a construction site was created by Revit, and a real-life scaffolding failure accident was simulated by Unity to warn workers to prevent similar future events. The second case study was conducted on the procedure of evacuation modeling in an emergency, integrating a BIM model and Unity following distinct pathways. This evacuation modeling can be used as a training platform for the occupants to acquaint themselves with the inside facility, show directions of the shortest evacuation path from specific points, and provide necessary information on emergency equipment. Finally, the study explains how the integration of the BIM model and game engine applications can be applied for effective, straightforward, and helpful safety management with the most efficient BIM data transition.

INCREASED RISK OF CHEMICAL TERROR ATTACKS

The risk of using highly toxic chemicals in a terrorist attack is resurfacing. Over the last fewdecades, terrorists have proven that they can source, develop and produce their own toxicchemicals. These substances are particularly dangerous for civilians who do not have access tothe protective equipment to be used in the event of contamination. It is impossible to guaranteefull public security in relation to the threats of chemical terrorism. Only trained, functioningand cooperating elements of state crisis response systems (mainly: medical rescue services,fire brigades, the police and the army) are capable of minimising the negative effects of theseattacks on the civilian population. This problem is becoming particularly important in view of theongoing Russian-Ukrainian war and the potential use of chemical weapons by the Russian army.An important problem impacting the extent of poisoning after a chemical attack is secondarycontamination of people and emergency equipment. The authors, through a detailed descriptionof the sources of secondary pollution, propose a number of solutions aimed at minimizing the riskof poisoning in people who are not directly exposed to chemical hazardous agents as a result ofsecondary contamination. The proposed solutions are based on the experience of chemical troopsin the elimination of chemical contamination of a large number of people, as well as the experienceof the authors related to the implementation of research and development projects regarding theprotection and operating procedures of rescue services in CBRN contamination zones.

Medical Crisis Preparedness: A Survey among Dentists of Rajasthan

Abstract Introduction: There are circumstances and procedures in a dental office that can give rise to a medical emergency situation. The inability to manage medical emergency situations can cause serious life-threatening issues for the patient, and it can also land the dentist in legal issues. A basic understanding and preparedness about medical emergencies and timely management techniques can be life-saving. Aim and Objectives: To analyze the conception of medical emergency and basic life support (BLS) among dentists of Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: This is a web-based survey which is conducted using a questionnaire comprising 22 questions to collect the data pertaining to demographic details, understanding, and preparedness concerning medical emergencies and BLS. The questionnaire was distributed through Google form to 356 dentists who are registered under the Rajasthan Dental Council. The responses to the questionnaire so obtained were analyzed. Results: The results showed that 49.8% of the dentists have not attended any workshop on emergency training or management program in the last 5 years. Regarding awareness about emergency drugs and equipment, 15% of them answered that they do not have any emergency drugs or kits in their workplace. Conclusion: The study results highlight insufficient knowledge and preparedness in the surveyed dentist and the importance of including structured BLS training in the dental curriculum.

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 response in Sri Lankan hospitals: an interview of frontline healthcare professionals.

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the lack of preparedness in health systems, even in developed countries. Studies published on COVID-19 management experiences in developing countries, including Sri Lanka, are significantly low. Therefore, lessons learned from pandemic management would be immensely helpful in improving health systems for future disaster situations. This study aimed to identify enablers and barriers to COVID-19 management in Sri Lankan hospitals through healthcare workers' perceptions. Frontline doctors and nurses from different levels of public hospitals were interviewed online. Both inductive and deductive coding and thematic analysis were performed on the transcribed data. This study identified four themes under enablers: preparing for surge, teamwork, helping hands and less hospital-acquired infections. Seven themes were identified as barriers: lack of information sharing, lack of testing facilities, issues with emergency equipment, substandard donations, overwhelmed morgues, funding issues and psychological impact. These preparedness gaps were more prominent in smaller hospitals compared with larger hospitals. Recommendations were provided based on the identified gaps. The insights from this study will allow health administrators and policymakers to build upon their hospital's resources and capabilities. These findings may be used to provide sustainable solutions, strengthening the resilience of the local Sri Lankan health system as well as the health systems of other countries.

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) knowledge, practice, and associated factors among general practitioners and nurses at Primary Hospitals in Ethiopia

Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to a set of life-saving protocols and skills for urgently and emergently treating life-threatening conditions that result in cardiac arrest. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, practices, and associated factors of ACLS among general practitioners (GPs) and nurses in Ethiopia. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data entry was carried out using EpiData version 4.6, and the analysis was performed using STATA 14. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. The study included 147 GPs and nurses, yielding a response rate of 94.2%, with 39.5% (95% CI: 32.3-47.7) and 35.37% (95% CI: 28.68-43.8) demonstrating good knowledge and practice, respectively. Sex, education, experience, and the availability of emergency equipment were significantly associated with the knowledge. Workplace, exposure to cases of cardiac arrest, training, and experience were found to be significantly associated with practice. There is a significant gap in both knowledge and practice. Based on our results, we recommend simulation-based in-service training and the inclusion of ACLS protocols in the formal education of health students.

Pediatric Code Cart Challenge for Emergency Medicine Trainees in Emergency Departments in India.

Code carts provide accessible emergency medication, supplies, and equipment to resuscitate a child. Unfortunately, there are limited studies on pediatric code cart use in resource-limited settings, including in India. This was a Pediatric Code Cart Challenge for emergency medicine (EM) trainees in India. After receiving education on pediatric code carts, participants created their code carts and submitted a video showcasing their project. Reviewers evaluated each team's code cart using a rubric. A six-month follow-up survey assessed participants' use of code carts and their perception and satisfaction. Forty-nine participants across six sites completed the survey. The median number of pediatric code cart uses in the past six months was two. Materials frequently used from the code cart included medications (76%), followed by airway equipment (59%), and intravenous (IV) equipment (57%). Only 4% of respondents used an intraosseous (IO) catheter. Two of six sites reported modifying their code cart within the past six months by rearranging and/or adding equipment and medications. Local protocols, pediatric advanced life support guidelines, and references from other hospitals led to changes. Most respondents rated the pediatric code cart useful and appreciated its accessibility, ease of use, organization, and equipment. Respondents said they would add more pediatric equipment, including IO supplies, to improve their code cart. Participating sites now have pediatric medications and equipment accessible and organized in their code carts. Additionally, EM trainees learned what is needed and how to improve their current pediatric code carts. Future steps include expanding this pilot project to additional sites in low- and middle-income countries.

Prevalence of medical emergency events in primary dental care within the UK

Introduction Dental professionals have an ethical and legal obligation to diagnose and manage medical emergencies which may occur in primary dental care.Aims and objectives To investigate the prevalence of medical emergencies in UK primary dental care and explore the medical emergency training needs of UK primary dental care professionals.Design and setting Cross-sectional survey, targeting dentists, dental hygienists and dental therapists across the UK working within primary dental care.Materials and methods An online survey was distributed via dental society mailing lists, social media groups and a dental conference. The questionnaire consisted of participants demographics and training in, prevalence of and confidence surrounding medical emergencies.Results Respondents (n = 400) were dentists (55.8%), dental hygienists/therapists (38.8%) and specialists (5.5%). Most participants received basic life support training (62%) in 2019, before COVID-19. The most common medical emergencies were syncope, non-specific collapse and hypoglycaemia, being encountered every 1.59, 1.64 and 8.26 years, respectively. The preferred method for medical emergency training was practical based, with more training in administering emergency drugs and equipment identified as a training need.Conclusion Dental professionals will encounter medical emergencies in primary dental care every 1-2 years and are therefore not uncommon.

Effect of an Educational Intervention for Nursing Personnel on Emergency Inventory and Drugs Checklist of Resuscitation Trolley in a Tertiary Cardiac Center, Kathmandu.

Background and Aims: A crash cart is a trolley with emergency medicines and equipments required for medical emergencies. Nurses often witness cardiac arrest. They should be familiar with the placement of equipments and drugs in crash cart trolleys. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of an educational intervention on knowledge of crash cart drugs and equipment management among nurses. Methods: This is a pre-experimental research design conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.A simple random sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to identify the knowledge of nurses. A standard checklist was used to observe crash cart trolleys. Pre and post test data was taken. Outcome variables included knowledge of crash cart trolleys organization and well organized crash cart in diferent wards. Data were analyzed to compare the knowledge before and after the intervention. Chi-square test, pair t-test, and linear regression multivariable model used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 134 nurses were recruited in this study. The overall mean score of knowledge was signifcantly higher in post-intervention. The total knowledge mean score difference among nurses was -11.07, (p<0.001), drug content difference at crash cart was -16.85, (p<0.001), equipment content at crash cart was -24.42, (p<0.001).The linear regression showed significant improvement in knowledge at post-intervention (β; 0.928, 95% CI; 10.52, 11.57, p<0.001), when adjusted for age, education, work experience, working unit and CPR training. Conclusion: Knowledge and organization of crash cart was improved after educational intervention.

Improving provision of emergency equipment and treatment in general practice: Quality improvement project

Improving provision of emergency equipment and treatment in general practice: Quality improvement project

Cognitive Inspired & Computationally-Intelligent Early Melanoma Detection Using Feature Analysis Techniques

Melanoma is the most malignant kind of skin cancer, and it is responsible for the majority of deaths caused by skin cancer. However, this can be easily addressed by reverting to the standard method of damage removal if it is discovered in a timely manner. In this view, it is of the utmost importance to develop procedures for the early and reliable identification of melanomas. Since images for melanoma diagnosis are recorded in the clinic as an epiluminance image using a specific kind of equipment, the technique is machine-dependent. We make use of a method for managing images as well as a high-resolution shading image of a skin ulcer captured by a high-resolution camera or other device. Instead of depending on the epilumination images that are produced by the emergency equipment, the initial task that needs to be done in the present research is to capture high-resolution photographs of the skin injuries. The category limit will be determined with the use of machine learning, and then highlight extraction will take place. The research focuses on clinical photos obtained from fast cameras that were taken of individuals suffering from skin cancer. The problem of uneven illumination was kept at a strategic distance by the use of medial separation and pre-processing using the histogram. Utilisation of a brand new image segmentation method called "Otsu" for the extraction of sores. The extraction of ABCD (Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Dimension) involves the use of innovative methodologies as well as the Total Dermoscopic Value in order to characterise the weight coefficients. A solution to the problem of upgrading the categorization error that is based on machine learning. The parameters that are taken into consideration for evaluating the proposed model are senstivity, specificity, precision and accuracy and the results obtained are 1, 0.93, 0.93, and 0.93 respectively. It has been observed that the proposed model performs better as compared to the ones present in existing literature.

“Not a Major or Complicated Task”: Activating Dugnad under COVID-19 and the Imagination of Equality in the Norwegian Welfare State

In Norway, the institution of the welfare state and trust in the government defined the country’s approach to tackling the pandemic. In particular, the government’s strategy to activate the cultural concept of dugnad (voluntary, reciprocal communal work), which relies on an equal standing of all participants, plays into the national imaginary of an egalitarian and just society. However, like in other countries, COVID-19 has put the spotlight on inequalities in access to healthcare, information, adequate housing, and more. Investigating infection measures and their indirect consequences can clarify which values and people are given priority in a crisis and who is seen as belonging to Norwegian society. This article points to the pandemic as a magnifying glass revealing the lack of enough emergency care nurses, physicians, equipment, hospital and psychiatry beds, adequate health literacy efforts and more. Moreover, it magnifies heteronormative and Eurocentric ideas of who makes up a family, compounded by nationalistic notions of who is Norwegian enough to belong. By activating dugnad, politicians transferred their responsibilities as elected leaders to individual citizens, leading to the growth of socioeconomic inequalities and health disparities during the pandemic while also resulting in the poor communication of the long-term and indirect costs of pandemic measures.

Introduction of emergency equipment for floods, fires and riots in Augmented Reality

Indonesia is one of the countries with a high risk of natural disasters in several regions. Emergencies can result in death or property destruction. While dealing with catastrophes, swift action and anticipation are required; yet, if the community is unfamiliar with emergency equipment, it will take longer to overcome emergencies. It turns out that many people still do not understand emergency equipment information correctly. The active engagement of the community in recognizing emergency equipment can be enhanced by the provision of information. The implementation of an application utilizing Augmented Reality technology and the Fisher Yates Shuffle algorithm aims to enhance public awareness and promote active engagement in identifying emergency equipment. Once the application has been developed and constructed, the evaluation process will involve the utilization of a pre-test, post-test, and the N-Gain Score methodology. The N-Gain Score is a valuable tool for gauging the extent of the community's comprehension in identifying emergency equipment. Additionally, a Questionnaire will be employed to evaluate the level of user satisfaction with the application. The findings of the study revealed that the level of knowledge acquired by users, as assessed, was 57%. This suggests that users demonstrate a relatively high level of proficiency in understanding emergency equipment when utilizing the application. Furthermore, the overall satisfaction of users with the program received a final score of 86%, showing a high degree of effectiveness.

Knowledge of handling medical emergencies among general dental practitioners pan India: a cross-sectional survery

BackgroundMedical emergency situations in dental clinics have been contemplated to be an issue in most of the countries by reason of dentist’s lack of knowledge and preparedness to attend emergency situations in dental offices. The aim of this paper is to observe the knowledge, attitude, and perceived confidence of the general dental practitioners regarding emergency medical care and its practical application. Questionnaire on knowledge assessment was circulated among 500 dentists using printed questionnaire formats and various social media platforms. The questionnaire included details on treating hypertensive patients, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, accessibility of medical emergency equipments in the dental clinics, prevalence of medical emergency cases in the dental office and the self-assessed competence to handle medical emergency situations in the dental clinics. Data was surveyed and scrutinized using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL). Descriptive statistics was tabulated and Chi square tests was applied.Findings500 general dental practitioners pan India were involved in the study (294 were females and 207 were males). They were grouped into different age groups (20–30 yrs, 30–40 yrs, 40–50 yrs, 50 and above) and experience (0–5 yrs, 5–10 yrs and more than 10 years). 279 participants did not attend any medical emergency training whereas, 222 participants from all groups attended training program. It was observed that with increased experience in the field, the knowledge, awareness and confidence to treat medical emergency situation in the dental clinics was better. Dentists should update themselves from time-to-time with the latest technologies in the field and need to attend training programs to handle any medical emergency situations in the dental offices. Medical emergencies in a dental clinic can be encountered at any point of time and the clinician should have apt knowledge in handling such situations. Majority of the dentists feel subdued in managing medical situations in dental offices. Training and workshops for handling medical situations in the dental offices should be mandated at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. This will help the dentist to shape one’s confidence in managing such situations without apprehension. Availability of proper infrastructure and equipments is recommended in every dental clinics so as to ease the handling of the situation.ConclusionThis paper enlightens the need of basic life support training on regular basis among the dentists to improve the competence among them and to improve the confidence in handling such situations.

PROBLEMS OF THE PROCESS OF LIQUIDATION OF EXTRAORDINARY SITUATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY INFLUENCE ON THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE OPERATION OF EMERGENCY AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT

The work examines the field of problems of training specialists in the operation of emergency and rescue equipment in the conditions of uncertainty of the process of receiving and modernizing the latter. During the hostilities, the system of training specialists of the State Emergency Service faced a number of challenges that significantly affected the quality of knowledge and skills that graduates of higher education institutions receive. If the problem of the issue is considered only in the part of the training of specialists in the operation of emergency and rescue equipment, then the following should be noted. A stable structural and logical scheme of the process of coordination and improvement of the efficiency of the system of training specialists in the operation of emergency and rescue equipment provides for the presence of a mandatory procedure for the coordination of operational and technical parameters of emergency and rescue equipment and the methodology of training specialists in its operation. It has been proven that today there is a range of additional tasks related to both the organization of material support of units of the State Emergency Service and the process of training and retraining of specialists in the operation of equipment and technical means. In order to comprehensively solve the mentioned issues, it is necessary to form an effective methodology for provision and training, taking into account the experience of domestic and international researchers and the principles and criteria of NATO. A structural and logical scheme of the methodology for increasing the effectiveness of the process of preventing emergency situations in conditions of uncertainty of the parameters of the training of specialists and the operation of emergency rescue equipment has been formed, which consists of 6 procedures, the application of which is limited to the field of regional conditions for the use of emergency rescue equipment and are related to each other directly and feedback, which in the end allows to further unify the process of training specialists taking into account experience and NATO standards. Keywords: structural and logical scheme, operation, emergency rescue equipment, emergency situation, training of specialists.

Where and how do people search for medical emergency equipment in public buildings?

Exsanguinating trauma is a common cause of death. Placing bleeding control kits in public areas has been suggested as a countermeasure. Similarly, automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) are placed in public areas in case of cardiac arrests. Both severe bleeding and cardiac arrests require rapid care and people must be able to quickly find relevant emergency equipment. This study explores where and how people search for such equipment. Twenty participants wearing eye-tracking glasses searched for bleeding control kits and AEDs in a public building. The participants visually searched features such as signs with maps, written information, and other emergency equipment. The participants expressed elevators and staircases, open areas, entrances, and the reception to be places where medical emergency equipment would likely be placed. The results suggest that these features and places may be suitable for medical emergency equipment or directions.

Development of anaphylaxis upon oral food challenge and drug provocation tests in pediatric patients.

Background: The drug provocation test (DPT) and the oral food challenge (OFC) are considered as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions and food allergy. Severe allergic reactions may develop during these tests. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and features of anaphylaxis in pediatric patients undergoing OFCs and DPTs. Method: OFCs and DPTs performed in an open method in the pediatric allergy clinic of our institution between January 2014 and January 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The characteristics of anaphylaxis that developed during these tests were evaluated. Results: A total of 3631 OFCs and/or DPTs were performed on 2588 pediatric patients. Reactions were recorded in 317 challenges (8.7%), including 42 (1.2%) in the form of anaphylaxis. Of the patients with anaphylaxis, 31 developed anaphylaxis during OFC and 11 during DPT. Anaphylaxis during OFCs was mostly triggered by yogurt (n = 8), hen's egg (n = 6), baked milk (n = 5), and baked egg (n = 4). Cases with anaphylaxis during DPT were recorded mostly with ibuprofen (54.5% [n = 6]). All patients who developed anaphylaxis during OFC had cutaneous manifestations, and 90.3% had respiratory symptoms. Gastrointestinal involvement was present in 32.3% of the patients. During DPT, cutaneous manifestations were observed in 90.9% in the patients who developed anaphylaxis and the respiratory tract was involved in 81.8%. In terms of concomitant allergic diseases, 51.6% of the patients who developed anaphylaxis during OFC had atopic dermatitis and 38.7% had asthma. All the patients with anaphylaxis triggered by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug DPT had asthma. Of the anaphylaxis, 54.8% were mild, 35.7% were moderate, and 9.5% were severe. Severe anaphylaxis was recorded with baked milk (n = 2), baked egg and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 1, each). The patients did not require intensive care, and no death occurred. Conclusion: Anaphylaxis may develop during OFCs and DPTs. These tests should be carried out by experienced allergists in an appropriate setting where emergency equipment and medications, including epinephrine, are readily available.

Emergency preparedness capacity of a university hospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

The health and safety of people are often endangered during emergencies and disasters. Efficient emergency management systems ensure that mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery actions exist to preserve the health, safety, and welfare of the public. Failure to carry out appropriate responses can have adverse consequences for both emergency responders and casualties; hence, the need for emergency preparedness. This study sought to assess the state of emergency preparedness capacity of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology hospital in Ghana. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2018 and February 2019 using three guidelines developed respectively by the World Health Organization, the Ministry of Health-Ghana, and the Ghana Health Service. The hospital's emergency preparedness was assessed regarding the emergency policies, plan, protocol, equipment, and medications. Overall, the hospital's emergency preparedness level was weak (57.36%). Findings revealed that the hospital had inadequate emergency equipment, and supplies for emergency care delivery, especially during upsurge. It also did not have an emergency planning committee. There were noticeable deficiencies in some emergency resources such as chest tubes, basic airway supplies, and many emergency drugs. Other vital emergency tools such as pulse oximeter, thermometer, and emergency medications were inadequate. The hospital had a strong emergency plan and policies on assessment (77.8% and 78%) respectively. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology hospital is not prepared sufficiently for an emergency surge, and this poses a major health challenge. Emergency items must be made available, and the organization and planning of emergency service provisions must be improved to avoid preventable deaths during an emergency surge.

KABİN MEMURU SEÇİM KRİTERLERİNİN A380 UÇAK MODELİNE GÖRE ANTROPOMETRİK İNCELENMESİ

Airline companies use specific selection criteria for cabin crew to ensure that candidates meet their physical requirements. Some of these criteria are the height and reach distance of the candidates. This selection criterion is designed so that cabin crew can effectively perform tasks such as being able to master emergency equipment, have access to upper storage compartments and assist disabled or injured passengers. The aim of this study is to examine the height and reach distance requirements, anthropometrically according to the A380 aircraft model. The study examined anthropometric studies conducted in Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, Emirates, All Nippon Airways, and Qantas Airlines and provided the collection of height and reach distance data of the people in these countries under a single roof and determined the status of A380 aircraft model. As a result of the research, it is recommended that airline companies use standardized anthropometric measurement parameters in the selection of cabin crews.

Integration of Emergency Locator Transmitter (Elt) Of Aircraft With the Global Positioning System (Gps) Receiver - A Vlsi Design Approach

This paper deals with the VLSI design aspects of Integrated Emergency Locater Transmitter (ELT), an emergency equipment installed in the aircraft, with Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) transmits distress signals at 406 MHz and this can be detected by the satellite system. But, these satellites cannot determine the location of the transmitting ELT. If the position information calculated by Global Positioning System (GPS) is encoded in the 406 MHz signals, the satellite system can decode the location of the crash immediately and the time required for the rescue operation is minimized. Also, this integrated equipment can be incorporated with additional features that help for non emergency operations. The aspects discussed in this paper include, principles of the ELT, satellite system concepts, specifications and regulations applicable, VLSI design concepts, compatibility with other aircraft systems, and advantages of the integrated ELTGPS system over the existing ELT system etc.