Time Of Emergence Research Articles

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, awareness creation and risk communication of Covid-19 pandemic amongst non-literate population in South-West Nigeria: Lessons for future health campaign.

Risk communication of Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria appeared to be urban-centered with the dominant use of social media, print communication and other controlled media. In such times of public health emergencies, non-literate population could be vulnerable as a result of their limited understanding of the nature of such health risk. Therefore, the study seeks to investigate the extent to which Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) communicated the risk of Covid-19 disease to non-literate population in its public health campaign during the pandemic in South-West Nigeria. The study adopts risk communication theory which advances the approach communication should take during public health emergencies. Using descriptive cross-sectional mixed methods research design, a sample of 420 respondents were purposively selected from 6 towns in the rural areas of Lagos, Oyo and Osun states to examine the level of awareness on Covid-19 pandemic among non-literates. In addition, NCDC risk communication on Covid-19 for non-literate population were analyzed from 3 Jingles in Yoruba language as well as 9 flyers designed for Covid-19 disease from NCDC websites. Results showed that NCDC awareness creation on Covid-19 disease for non-literates in Southwest achieved significant success as a result of the medium used in creating awareness. Specifically, radio was highly rated among majority of the respondents (60.4%) followed by health workers (19.8%) as channels that created understandable message on Covid-19 safety protocols. Further findings on Jingles content revealed that all Covid-19 safety protocols were communicated in Yoruba language for Southwest populace. However, NCDC fall short in communicating Covid-19 risk effectively for non-literates in Southwest as jingles only buttressed the Covid-19 safety protocols and symptoms as well as the need to comply, without educating the masses on the dreadful nature of the disease and its dynamics. Though flyers designed by the NCDC communicated risk to an extent, nevertheless, graphics and symbols on Covid-19 disease were complimented by words in English language only, which could be difficult for non-literates to decipher. Based on the findings, the study recommends that public health agencies need to educate non-literate population about the nature of a disease more than creating awareness about the outbreak of a disease, and such education should be strategic, context-specific, and evidence-based.

The Growth Response of Propagules Rhizophora mucronata in Soaking Coconut Water and Applying NPK Fertilizer

Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove plant that has the strongest root system and often chosen in mangrove forest rehabilitation. Planting Rhizophora mucronata often fails due to limited seed supply and poor seedling quality. This study aims to determine the growth response of Rhizophora mucronata propagules to coconut water immersion and NPK fertilizer. The research was conducted from February 2023 to June 2023 at the screenhouse of the Banten Agricultural Instrument Standardization Implementation Center (BPSIP) Banten. The research was arranged in a Randomized Group Design with three replications and consisted of two factors. The first factor is soaking treatment consisting of 2 levels, namely soaking without coconut water and soaking with coconut water. The second factor is the concentration of NPK fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 g/plant, 9 g/plant, 12 g/plant, and 15 g/plant. The parameters observed were shoot emergence time (days), leaf emergence time (days), stem diameter (mm), number of roots (strands), and root length (cm). The results showed that coconut water soaking treatment gave results that significantly affected to stem diameter, number of roots and root length. The application of NPK fertilizer 9 g/plant gives results that significantly affected to shoot rupture time, leaf emergence time, number of roots, and root length.

Ambulance deployment without transport: a retrospective difference analysis for the description of emergency interventions without patient transport in Bavaria

BackgroundNot all patients who call the ambulance service are subsequently transported to hospital. In 2018, a quarter of deployments of an emergency ambulance in Bavaria were not followed by patient transport. This study describes factors that influence patient transport rates.MethodThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from all Integrated Dispatch Centres of the Free State of Bavaria in 2018. Included were ambulance deployments without emergency physician involvement, which were subdivided into ambulance deployments without transport and ambulance deployments with transport. The proportion of transported patients were determined for the primary reasons for deployment and for the different community types. On-scene time was compared for calls with and without patient transport. Differences were tested for statistical significance using Chi2 tests and the odds ratio was calculated to determine differences between groups.ResultsOf 510,145 deployments, 147,621 (28.9%) could be classified as ambulance deployments without transport and 362,524 (71.1%) as ambulance deployments with transport.The lowest proportion of patients transported was found for activations where the fire brigade was involved (“fire alarm system” 0.6%, “fire with emergency medical services” 5.4%) and “personal emergency response system active alarm” (18.6%). The highest transport rates were observed for emergencies involving “childbirth/delivery” (96.9%) and “trauma” (83.2%). A lower proportion of patients is transported in large cities as compared to smaller cities or rural communities; in large cities, the odds ratio for emergencies without transport is 2.02 [95% confidence interval 1.98–2.06] referenced to rural communites. The median on-scene time for emergencies without transport was 20.8 min (n = 141,052) as compared to 16.5 min for emergencies with transport (n = 362,524). The shortest on-scene times for emergencies without transport were identified for activations related to “fire alarm system” (9.0 min) and “personal emergency response system active alarm” (10.6 min).ConclusionThis study indicates that the proportion of patients transported depends on the reason for deployment and whether the emergency location is urban or rural. Particularly low transport rates are found if an ambulance was dispatched in connection with a fire department operation or a personal emergency medical alert button was activated. The on-scene-time of the rescue vehicle is increased for deployments without transport. The study could not provide a rationale for this and further research is needed.Trial registration This paper is part of the study “Rettungswageneinsatz ohne Transport” [“Ambulance deployment without transport”] (RoT), which was registered in the German Register of Clinical Studies under the number DRKS00017758.

"Smart Emergency Call Point" Enhancing Emergency Medical Services on University Campuses.

The "Smart Emergency Call Point" is a device designed for requesting assistance and facilitating rapid responses to emergencies. The functionality of smart emergency call points has evolved to include features as real-time photo transmission and communication capabilities for both staff and emergency personnel. These devices are being used to request Emergency Medical Services (EMS) on university campuses. Despite these developments, there has been a lack of previous studies demonstrating significant advantages of integrating smart emergency call points into EMS systems. The primary goal of this study was to compare the response times of EMS between traditional phone calls and the utilization of smart emergency call points located on university campuses. Additionally, the study aimed to provide insights into the characteristics of smart emergency call points as a secondary objective. This retrospective database analysis made use of information acquired from Thailand's EMS at Srinagarind Hospital. The data were gathered over a period of four years, specifically from January 2019 through January 2022. The study included two groups: the first group used the phone number 1669 to request EMS assistance, while the second group utilized the smart emergency call point. The primary focus was on the response times. Additionally, the study documented the characteristics of the smart emergency call points that were used in the study. Among the 184 EMS operations included in this study, 60.9% (N = 56) involved females in the smart emergency call point group. Notably, the smart emergency call point group showed a higher frequency of operations between the hours of 6:00am and 6:00pm when compared to the 1669 call group (P = .020). In dispatch triage, the majority of emergency call points were categorized as non-urgent, in contrast to the phone group for 1669 which were primarily cases categorized as urgent (P = .010). The average response time for the smart emergency call point group was significantly shorter, at 6.01 minutes, compared to the phone number 1669 group, which had an average response time of 9.14 minutes (P <.001). In the context of calling for EMS on a university campus, the smart emergency call points demonstrate a significantly faster response time than phone number 1669 in Thailand. Furthermore, the system also offers the capability to request emergency assistance.

Artificial light at night impacts night-time activity but not day-time behaviour in a diurnal coral reef fish

An important, yet overlooked form of anthropogenic pollution is sensory pollution, and one of the most pervasive forms of sensory pollution is artificial light at night (ALAN). Despite the growing use of ALAN across the globe, limited research has examined the impacts of ALAN on coral reef fish. This study aims to further our understanding of the behavioural impacts of light pollution on fish by exposing the humbug damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus) to ALAN (∼15–25 lux, white LED light) over a period of 14 days, in situ. We assessed nocturnal activity, and diurnal shelter use and emergence time following a simulated threat in natural (control) and ALAN conditions. D. aruanus colonies exposed to ALAN were active at night and were lacking cryptic colouration observed in control fish, however this altered nocturnal activity did not appear to impact the diurnal behaviours we measured. Our findings provide critical insight into the impact of ALAN exposure to nocturnal behaviour of a diurnal fish and highlight the potential for increased risk of nocturnal predation under ALAN. Further studies with a longer ALAN exposure time will help illuminate the extent of behavioural changes and implications caused by ALAN in shallow coral reef systems.

Applied distance learning methods in disaster preparedness: A systematic review.

Nowadays, accidents and disasters are one of the most important issues facing humans. Training is an important feature in disasters and distance learning is a suitable method for education in every place and at every time. The aim of this study is to determine distance learning methods in disaster preparedness. This study was conducted to this question: what types of distance learning methods can use in disaster preparedness?". In this study, all published English language papers, with no time limit, were extracted by the end of December 2021 through search in PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, ISI WOS (Web of Science), and Embase. The primary search used "distance learning", "disaster" and their MeSH terms. Quality appraisal carried out with CASP. Information in the articles including study time, study population, e-learning methods, and type of disasters or emergencies were extracted. Based on the search, 46 studies were carried out between 2002 and 2021. The most studied target group in the studies was health professionals and the content of the courses was attributed to disaster preparedness as well as biological disasters. Regarding e-learning methods, the most used method was 'simulation'. At the time of disasters, including pandemics, disruption in education may be long-term and may require overlapping response and recovery periods. And virtual education during a disaster may be rejected or endorsed by individuals or groups based on cultural, ideological, or prejudicial issues. Distance education can be used for effective disaster education in different phases of the disaster cycle, depending on the available facilities and infrastructure.

Impact of tillage systems on maize emergence

In Europe, there has been a significant change in the way tillage is approached in recent years. This change is due to a growing awareness among farmers, politicians and society as a whole that soil is not a renewable resource in itself. From an agricultural point of view, the greatest impact on soil condition can be achieved through the use of the applied tillage systems. My research takes this approach as a basis when examining the different tillage systems and their impact on the environment. In this context, conventional and a variety of no-tillage systems are examined in this paper. As a next step, it is examined how the environmental conditions created by the different tillage systems influence the emergence of maize hybrids. The analyses are carried out in a multi-factorial, long-term tillage field experiment. The same batch of the same hybrid seed was sown in several crop years, and the effects of environmental conditions on the emergence process were examined. Environmental effects and emergence-related uptake were measured in the examined plots. Measurements of environmental effects included air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature measured at seeding depth, as well as % cover of stem residue on the surface in the treated plots. The first emergence time measurements of the sown crop in the plots of each treatment were compared and relationships between these factors were investigated.

Adana İli Meyve Bahçelerinde Farklı Rakımlarda Rhagoletis cerasi L., Ceratitis capitata Wied.(Diptera: Tephritidae), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) ve Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)’un Popülasyonlarının İzlenmesi

ABSTRACT&#x0D; In recent years, fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae and Tephritidae) have become an increasingly severe problem in fruit production in Turkey. Ceratitis capitata Wied., Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) and Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are the leading pests that cause worms in fruits. Using adult trapping, we studied the population dynamics of this four pests at different altitudes fruit orchards of Adana, during 2019 and 2020. R. cerasi adults emerged after the second week of May, and the last adult emergence was seen with the completion of the harvest. Adult population density was found at low levels. D. suzukii adults appeared at 113m (Balcalı) in April, and their emergence times were observed to be a little later as the altitude increased, and it was determined that they continued their existence in nature until the end of December. It has the highest populations in late June - mid-July and late October - November. The time of occurrence of C. capitata and Z. indianus adults in nature in both years was after cherry fruits were harvested. It has been observed that in different orchards, they appear in direct proportion as the altitude increases (from 113 m to 1510 m), the earliest in a low altitude place and the longer their duration in nature.

Molecular epidemiology, clinical analysis, and genetic characterization of Zika virus infections in Thailand (2020–2023)

To investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and evolution of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in Thailand from March 2020 to March 2023. In all, 751 serum samples from hospitalized patients in Bangkok and the surrounding areas were screened for ZIKV using real-time RT-PCR. Demographic data and clinical variables were evaluated. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analysis determined the genetic relationships among the ZIKV strains, emergence timing, and their molecular characteristics. Among the 90 confirmed ZIKV cases, there were no significant differences in infection prevalence when comparing age groups and sexes. Rash was strongly associated with ZIKV infection. Our ZIKV Thai isolates were categorized into two distinct clades: one was related to strains from Myanmar, Vietnam, Oceania, and various countries in the Americas, and the other was closely related to previously circulating strains in Thailand, one of which shared a close relation to a neurovirulent ZIKV strain from Cambodia. Moreover, ZIKV Thai strains could be further classified into multiple sub-clades, each exhibiting specific mutations suggesting the genetic diversity among the circulating strains of ZIKV in Thailand. Understanding ZIKV epidemiology and genetic diversity is crucial for tracking the virus's evolution and adapting prevention and control strategies.

Socioeconomic health and the scope of dental practice

Objectives: This study was an increase and decrease of the dental scope of practice during times of peace, relating to the poverty rate, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and during times of public health emergency (SARS-COV-2 [COVID-19]). Dominant prior research suggests that a correlation is seen between the expansion of the dental scope of practice relating to natural disasters and public health emergencies. Materials and Methods: No evident prior data were found relating the scope of practice in relation to poverty rate and GDP growth. Analytical methods used include the composition of data with regard to biases or outliers present with statistical errors. Results: Major findings of the study suggest that dental scope of practice is increased as the poverty rate climbs higher in the United States. Findings also suggest the prime expansion of dentistry in states that have experienced substantial GDP growth in the past 5 years. Data also show that states with a larger urbanization index have better overall oral health. Conclusion: The agreement between the research shows and suggests that the practice of dentistry is expanded at times when Dentists are needed for their expertise and skills.

Methods for overcoming dormancy in cassava seeds

The propagation of cassava via seminal is an option but faces problems due to dormancy and slow germination. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments, on overcoming Manihot esculenta seed dormancy, clone Gabriela, cultivated in Roraima, Brazil. The experiment was a completely randomized design, with four replicates of 25 seeds, each in seven treatments: intact seeds (CONTROL); lateral scarification the seed (LS); removal of the caruncle (RC); scarification of the caruncle (SC); immersion of the seeds in sulphuric acid for 10 minutes (SA10); for 20 minutes (SA20) and for 30 minutes (SA30). The seeds were sown in trays containing river sand, washed and passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve. The following variables were analyzed: seedling emergence (SE), average emergence time (MET), emergence speed index (ESI), percentage of firm seeds (PFS), percentage of hard seeds (PHS) and percentage of deteriorated seeds (PSDET). The LS (89±7%) and SC (82±5%) treatments were superior to the others, obtaining the shortest MET (11.7±0.38 and 12.8±0.69 days, respectively) and consequently the highest IVE (1.55±0.22 and 1.74±0.22). Sexual propagation of cassava is possible. Lateral scafifying the seeds until the inside of the tegument with exposure of the endosperm with the caruncle intact (LS) and Scarifying the of caruncle until the inside of the tegument (SC) were more efficient seedling emergence and in counting normal cassava seedlings. Soaking seeds in sulphuric acid (AS10; AS20 and AS30) does not overcome the dormancy of cassava seeds.

Short communication: Traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Sembirai Village, Kota Belud District, Sabah State, Malaysia Borneo

Abstract. Mahali SNH, Derak R, Aziz ZA, Tobi B. 2023. Short communication: Traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Sembirai Village, Kota Belud District, Sabah State, Malaysia Borneo. Biodiversitas 24: 5956-5961. The Sama-Bajau of the Kota Belud District in Sabah, Malaysia, uses traditional medicine as an alternative to conventional medicine. However, this knowledge is at risk of disappearing because it has not been scientifically documented. The aim of this study was to identify the various traditional medicinal plants used to treat various common diseases. The primary data for this qualitative study was collected through semi-structured interviews, pictures, and observations. Two practitioners of traditional Sama-Bajau medicine were selected based on their role as skilled healers and their importance to the villagers during times of emergency. They were also chosen based on their reputation in their community and their vast knowledge of traditional herbs. Based on their interviews, 30 plant species from 22 families were identified as traditional medicines. The Arecaceae, Moraceae, and Zingiberaceae families are among the different herb families used by the Sama-Bajau. The simple treatment methods used by the healers involve the use of leaves, rhizomes, tubers, stems, bark, and fruits. There are various methods of preparing medicines, such as boiling, simmering, brewing, and chewing. The use of plants as traditional medicine is an important part of the indigenous knowledge of the Sama-Bajau society and holds great potential for future development.

Did they really Work? English Teachers’ Attitude towards the Effectiveness of Remote Online Exams in Times of Emergencies

This paper explores English teachers&amp;rsquo; perception of the effectiveness of employing remote online exams during the COVID-19 pandemic after many universities and colleges worldwide moved most of their activities online. The transition to online learning has enabled numerous higher education institutions (HEIs) to utilise options they were previously hesitant to employ due to concerns regarding how they would affect academic integrity. Eight English teachers from a university in Oman were interviewed by email to share their experiences and thoughts on the effectiveness of remote online exams (ROEs). In addition, pre-COVID-19 students&amp;#39; scoresheets were analysed to determine whether students&amp;#39; performance was consistent across face-to-face and remote online exams. The results indicate significant differences in students&amp;#39; scores between the two types of exams, which is attributable to factors such as invigilation issues, students&amp;#39; academic misconduct, and exam security. Finally, the eight interviewed teachers recommended making improvements to online exams as they believe ROEs will continue to be used in the future.

Determination of the Efficiency of Moringa Leaf Extract Treatments on Seedling Vigor in Marigold

The effect of different planting depths on emergence characteristics was investigated in this study carried out using seeds of Marigold (Tagetes patula) collected from nature. In addition, the most effective dose that can be used in priming treatments was tried to be determined by examining the effects of moringa leaf extract treatments applied at different doses in terms of emergence rate, emergence time, survival seedling rate, true leaf emergence time, emergence speed index, coefficient of velocity of emergence and vigor index values. After the T test, it was determined that different planting depth treatments created statistically significant differences especially in the survival seedling rate. It has been observed that the fact that the planting is exposed causes an increase in the survival seedlings rate. In addition, following hydropriming and moringa treatments, the highest seedling emergence rate at both planting depths was achieved with hydropriming and moringa leaf extract (4 g L-1) treatment. Moreover, moringa leaf extract (8 g L-1) treatments exhibited the earliest emergence compared to other treatments. All treatment groups were statistically different compared to the control group in terms of emergence speed index, coefficient of velocity of emergence and vigor index values in both planting depths, and HP and M3 treatments were the treatment groups that gave the best results. As a result of the study, it has been determined that surface sowing can be recommended in marigold cultivation and moringa treatments improve the emergence characteristics.

Seed Quality Enhancement through Different Priming Treatments in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

In a meticulously executed experiment at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, during the Rabi season of 2022-23, In the experiment, treatments were arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors concepts. The first factor was mobilized with twelve distinct seed priming treatments i.e.; KNO3 (2%), TiO2 (500ppm), PEG (1MPa), Salicylic acid (50ppm), Pseudomonas (1%), along with water as a control treatment. The second factor assigned to onion varieties i.e., Phule Samarth and B780) Among the findings, the combination of B2A1 (TiO2@ 500 ppm + Phule Samarth) significantly influenced radicle emergence time, while B2A2 (TiO2 @500 ppm + B780) exhibited a noteworthy impact on initial germination counts and final germination counts. Moreover (TiO2 @ 500ppm + B780) recorded distinct effects on plumule length and radicle length. In terms of vigour, variety A2 (B780) demonstrated the highest vigour I with TiO2 @ 500ppm. The results highlighted TiO2 @ 500ppm as the most effective priming agent, with PEG -1Mpa showing less efficacy in promoting seed Vigour II. Additionally, KNO3 @ 2% emerged as a promising agent, and the Phule Samarth variety exhibited a slightly higher mean dry weight compared to B780. Notably, the combination B6A1 (Water + Phule Samarth) resulted in the highest mortality %, while B1A1 (KNO3 @ 2% + Phule Samarth) was particularly associated with intensified pyruvic acid synthesis. Furthermore, the maximum TSS content was observed for B1A1 (KNO3 @ 2% + Phule Samarth), underscoring the intricate interplay between priming and genetic factors.

Academic Stress and Parental Pressure as Predictors of Psychological Health in Covid-19 Emergency Times among School Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria: The Implication for Counseling

Background: Academic stress and parental pressure have been shown to be important factors associated with psychological health. However, the internal mechanism between them is still not clear.&#x0D; Aim: This study assessed the joint significant influence of the predictor variables (academic stress and parental pressure) as predictors of psychological health in COVID-19 emergency times among school children with disabilities in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria: The implication for counseling.&#x0D; One study objective was stated, and one statement of hypothesis was posed. A literature review was carried out based on the variable under study.&#x0D; Method: The research design that was adopted in this study is correlational research design. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the 234 respondents sampled for the study from a population of 2,344. A validated 35-item four-point modified Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by experts in Test and Measurement. The reliability estimates 0.89 of the instruments were established using the Cronbach Alpha method. A multiple Linear regression statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. The hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 level of significance.&#x0D; Results: The results obtained from the data analysis revealed that there is a joint significant influence of the predictor variables (academic stress and parental pressure) on psychological health in COVID-19 emergency times among school children with learning disabilities.&#x0D; Conclusion: Sometimes, stress and pressure can be motivating at the mild stage. However, at the severe stage, it could lead to frustration, social pressure, family workload, and cognitive overload, which in turn influences an individual to use and abuse substances in order to escape from unpleasant feelings of life situations. It was recommended that Parents should advise students on how to perform well academically rather than setting standards that may put so much pressure on students, which may have a negative impact on the psychological health of the students.

Is assessment of skeletal muscle mass useful to predict time-to-awake in awake craniotomies?

Awake craniotomy is the gold standard for the resection of brain lesions near eloquent areas. For the commonly used asleep-awake-asleep technique, the patient must be awake and fully cooperative as soon as possible after discontinuation of anesthetics. A shorter emergence time is essential to decrease the likelihood of adverse events. Previous research found no relationship between body mass index (BMI) and time-to-awake for intravenous anesthesia with propofol, which is a lipophilic agent. As BMI cannot differentiate between fat and muscle tissue, we hypothesize that skeletal muscle mass, particularly when combined with BMI, may better predict time-to-awake from propofol sedation. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and the time-to-awake in patients undergoing awake craniotomy, as well as the interaction between skeletal muscle mass and BMI. In 260 patients undergoing an awake craniotomy, we used preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to assess temporalis muscle and cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of the masseter muscles and at level of the third cervical vertebra. Time-to-awake was dichotomized as ≤20 and >20 minutes. No association between various measures of skeletal muscle mass and time-to-awake was observed, and no interaction between skeletal muscle mass and BMI was found (all P > .05). Likewise, patients with a high BMI and low skeletal muscle mass (indicating an increased proportion of fat tissue) did not have a prolonged time-to-awake. Skeletal muscle mass did not predict time-to-awake in patients undergoing awake craniotomy, neither in isolation nor in combination with a high BMI.

Teacher prototypes in technology-enhanced instruction in elementary school second language acquisition: Comparing routine and emergency learning in different cultures

Over the past decade, learning cultures worldwide have been affected differently by the rapid spread of educational technology. During emergency distance learning, teachers had to adapt themselves to a new mode of learning. The purpose of this study was to compare technology-integrated instructional strategies and teacher prototypes in three learning cultures during routine and emergency learning based on the Five Spaces for Design in Education framework (Weiner et al., 2020). The participants were 31 teachers from three regions - Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Northern America, all integrating the same adaptive digital learning environment in second language instruction. Participants' interviews were coded according to a three level tier of instructional strategies (n = 938) denoting the student's place in the learning process and level of independence, as well as a categorization of four teacher prototypes representing the degree of teacher centrality in the classroom (n = 764): sage, facilitator, guide, and partner. Chi-square tests highlighted the differences in instructional strategies and teacher centrality between the learning cultures in the three regions. The findings of the teacher prototype analysis showed a similar distribution of prototypes among the three regions, both in routine learning and emergency times. Regarding instructional strategies, each culture showed a unique tendency to specific strategies, while in the transition to emergency learning there was a convergence to strategies with the medium level of teacher control over students and a certain degree of student independence.

A hydrothermal model to predict Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) seedling emergence in the dryland of the Pacific Northwest (USA)

AbstractRussian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is among the most troublesome weeds in cropland and ruderal semiarid areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Predicting S. tragus emergence timing plays a critical role in scheduling weed management measures. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a predictive model of the seedling emergence pattern of S. tragus under field conditions in the PNW to increase the efficacy of control measures targeting this species. The relationship between cumulative seedling emergence and cumulative hydrothermal time under field conditions was modeled using the Weibull function. This model is the first to use hydrothermal time units (HTT) to predict S. tragus emergence and showed a very good fit to the experimental data. According to this model, seedling emergence starts at 5 HTT, and 50% and 90% emergence is completed at 56 HTT and 177 HTT, respectively. For model validation, independent field experiments were carried out. Cumulative seedling emergence was accurately predicted by the model, supporting the idea that this model is robust enough to be used as a predictive tool for S. tragus seedling emergence. Our model can serve as the basis for the development of decision support systems, helping farmers make the best decisions to control S. tragus populations in no-till fallow and spring wheat systems.

Titanium dioksit nano partiküllerinin ayçiçeği fide çıkışı üzerine olumlu etkileri

Seed germination and seedling emergence is the main step of cultivation and improving them could yield high performance in the field. Improved seedling emergence means less sensitivity to biotic and abiotic stress factors. It is possible to enhance seedling emergence via different technologies. Nanoparticles are one of the improving technology and their impact on crop cultivation are improving day by day. The seeds of hybrid-snack type cultivar Ahmetbey and for seed treatment agent TiO₂ nanoparticles were used in this experiment. This study was conducted to observe the impact of seed treatment with different titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) concentrations (6, 12, and 24 mg Lˉ¹) with dimensions of 20-50 nm during 8 hours on the emergence and seedling growth performance of snack-type sunflower cultivar Ahmetbey. Four replicates of 50 seeds in each treatment were sown in plastic trays 4 cm deep and placed in a growth chamber at 20 ± 2 °C 45 μM photons m-² s-¹ light for 16 h. Mean emergence time (MET), emergence percentage, seedling vigor, root-to-shoot length ratio, shoot length, and root length seedling fresh and dry weight were measured. Emergence percentage, shoot length, root length, and fresh and dry weight of seedlings increased with TiO₂ NPs treatments. The results revealed that 8-hour priming with water has a low impact on seeds of cv. Ahmetbey compared to any treatment of TiO₂ NPs. In conclusion, it is proved that the improving effects of 8 hour priming of sunflower seeds with TiO₂ NPs solutions on sunflower seedling emergence.