Growth Of Sugar Beet Research Articles

Combined application of silica nanoparticles and brassinolide promoted the growth of sugar beets under deficit irrigation

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and brassinolide (BR) have been used as nano-fertilizer and growth regulator, respectively to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic stress. However, it is unclear whether a combination of the two (BR+SiNPs) is more beneficial than single application of BR or SiNPs to improve the growth of deficit-irrigated sugar beets. In this study, a two-year (2022-2023) field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of water (CK), SiNPs, BR, and BR+SiNPs on the antioxidant defense, photosynthetic capacity, dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield of sugar beets under full irrigation (100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), W1) and deficit irrigation (60% ETc, W2). The results showed that compared with the application of BR or SiNPs, the application of BR+SiNPs could enhance the antioxidant defense, osmoregulation, and photosynthesis of the full-irrigated and deficit-irrigated sugar beet leaves, and ultimately improved the water status, growth, and yield of sugar beet plants. There was no significant difference in the net revenue (NR) between BR+SiNPs treatment and CK under W1 conditions. However, the NR of the BR+SiNPs treatment increased by 27.0% (p < 0.05) compared with that of CK under W2 conditions, and there was no significant difference in NR between BR+SiNPs and SiNPs treatments. A comprehensive evaluation using entropy weight combined with technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method found that under deficit irrigation condition, spraying SiNPs could improve the growth of sugar beet, increase the TY, NR, and water use efficiency, and reduce costs compared with spraying BR+SiNPs. Therefore, foliar spraying of SiNP on deficit-irrigated sugar beets can be used to improve sugar beet growth and reduce the potential economic losses caused by deficit irrigation.

Physiological Mechanisms of BvCPD Regulation in Sugar Beet Growth

Sugar beet is an important sugar crop, and its roots are mainly used for processing raw materials to produce products such as sugar, molasses, and saccharin, as well as being used as fodder for livestock. BvCPD, a key enzyme gene for brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis, regulates the development of parenchyma cells and vascular bundles by promoting BR synthesis, which promotes the expansion of the sugar beet taproot and influences the growth, development, and yield of sugar beets. This study investigated the impact of BvCPD on the physiological metabolism of sugar beet utilizing BvCPD overexpression, silent, and wild-type (WT) lines. BvCPD increased the chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency and improved the photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet leaves. Simultaneously, BvCPD increased the rate of sugar beet taproot respiration and ATP content by enhancing the activities of phosphoglycerate kinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose synthase catabolism. Moreover, BvCPD induced changes in the sugar fraction content, which increased the sugar yield of a single plant. In addition, BvCPD promoted water absorption, nitrogen accumulation, and lignin/cellulose synthesis activities, facilitated by increased activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cellulose synthase, and protein serine/threonine phosphatases, providing the requisite energy and materials for sugar beet growth. These findings not only provide a new perspective for understanding the physiological mechanisms regulating the growth of sugar beets but also provide a theoretical basis for the future improvement of sugar beet varieties through molecular breeding techniques.

Silicon drip fertigation improved sugar beet root and canopy growth and alleviated water deficit stress in arid areas

Crop growth is highly susceptible to drought stress due to water scarcity in arid areas. Silicon (Si) fertilizer could improve the tolerance of crops to drought stress, but the effect of drip fertigation of Si fertilizer on the growth and yield of sugar beets under drought stress is still unclear. In this field experiment conducted in 2022 and 2023 in the arid northwest China, the effects of different Si fertilizer application rates (0 kg ha−1 (Si0), 15 kg ha−1 (Si1), 38 kg ha−1 (Si2), 75 kg ha−1 (Si3)) on the growth, yield, and resource use efficiency of sugar beets (cultivars Beta356 (BT) and Strube13092 (ST)) under deficit irrigation (60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), W2) were explored. The results showed that deficit irrigation (W2Si0) reduced the taproot and fibrous root growth, leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf relative water content (LRWC), and leaf area index (LAI) of cultivar BT compared with full irrigation (100 % of ETc, W1). Under deficit irrigation, Si application (W2Si1, W2Si2, and W2Si3) alleviated the drought stress by increasing the number of fibrous roots in 17.5–70.0 cm soil layer and promoted the growth of taproots. Besides, it also increased the leaf moisture and photoassimilate production by increasing plant Si uptake, LRWC, LAI, and Pn. This finally increased the taproot yield (TY), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) by 11.2 % - 22.9 %, 6.5 % - 19.3 %, and 6.3 % - 19.3 %, respectively in cultivar BT and by 8.8 % - 27.1 %, 13.4 % - 30.8 %, and 13.4 % - 30.8 %, respectively in cultivar ST, compared with W2Si0. Regression analysis showed that the Si fertilizer application rate 64 kg ha−1 could maximize the TY of cultivar BT, but the net revenue (NR) was significantly lower than that of the W1 treatment. The Si fertilizer application rate 71 kg ha−1 could increase the TY of cultivar ST and achieve a NR similar to that of the W1 treatment. Therefore, in arid regions, Si application could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on drip-irrigated sugar beet root and shoot growth and improve yield, but the Si application rate varied with sugar beet cultivars.

Effect of Different Seed Soaking Treatments on Growth and Productivity of sugar beet

Effect of Different Seed Soaking Treatments on Growth and Productivity of sugar beet

Does the Amount of Pre-Sowing Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes?

There has always been a specific focus on nitrogen fertilization in sugar beet production due to its important effect on sugar beet root yield and quality. For stable sugar beet growth and satisfactory root yield and quality, balanced N fertilization is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate spring N fertilization in two seasons as the following treatments: N0—control, N1—only pre-sowing fertilization, and N2—pre-sowing with topdressing. Four different genotypes were included in the study (Serenada, Colonia, Fred, and Danton). The experiment was set up in a plain area, belonging to the temperate climate zone in Eastern Croatia (Županja and Vrbanja), with the long-term mean (LTM) (March–October) air temperature around 16 °C and the total precipitation of 515 mm. Pre-sowing N fertilization had a smaller impact on root yield in the year with higher precipitation (31% higher than LTM). Therefore, the average yields with pre-sowing fertilization (N1) and pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) were very similar and were only 7% higher than those of the control. In a season with less rainfall (29% less than LTM), pre-sowing fertilization with top dressing (N2) had a more pronounced effect on the increase in sugar beet root yield, which was 17% higher compared to that of the control treatment. The sugar beet sucrose content and quality parameters (brei impurities, loss of sugar in molasses, extractable sugar) differed when N fertilization was applied among locations in both seasons. The white sugar yield was the highest at N2 treatment with pre-sowing and topdressing N fertilization. In general, according to the average of all locations and years of research, the Serenada hybrid achieved the highest average root yield (81.1 t ha−1), while Colonia exhibited the highest root sugar content (14.5%) and white sugar yield (9.7 t ha−1).

Effect of fertilizer treatments on sugar beet cultivars: A comprehensive study on crop yield and nutrient contents of soil and plant in chestnut soil of Kazakhstan

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the growth, yield, and nutrient content of two sugar beet cultivars, Aksu (Kazakhstan) and Yampol (Poland), cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates, comprising six treatments: control (without fertilizer), N120P120K90, and N130P130K130 for both cultivars. The soil's physical and chemical properties were analyzed, revealing a foothill light chestnut soil with favorable nutrient levels. Results indicated that the N130P130K130 treatment significantly increased soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, leading to enhanced sugar beet growth, nutrient uptake, and yield. Both cultivars responded positively to the increased nutrient levels, with the N130P130K130 treatment showing the highest yield of 785.6 tons/ha for Aksu and 802.5 tons/ha for Yampol. Furthermore, nutrient content in tubers and leaves was significantly higher in the N130P130K130 treatment compared to other treatments. These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrient management tailored to specific cultivars for optimizing sugar beet productivity and soil fertility in diverse agro-climatic conditions. Adopting balanced mineral nutrient management approaches could offer promising solutions to enhance sugar beet productivity and sustainability. Future research should focus on exploring long-term effects and integrated nutrient management strategies for sustainable sugar beet cultivation.

Developing a hybrid convolutional neural network for automatic aphid counting in sugar beet fields

Aphids can cause direct damage and indirect virus transmission to crops. Timely monitoring and control of their populations are thus critical. However, the manual counting of aphids, which is the most common practice, is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Additionally, two of the biggest challenges in aphid counting are that aphids are small objects and their density distributions are varied in different areas of the field. To address these challenges, we proposed a hybrid automatic aphid counting network architecture which integrates the detection network and the density map estimation network. When the distribution density of aphids is low, it utilizes an improved Yolov5 to count aphids. Conversely, when the distribution density of aphids is high, it switches to CSRNet to count aphids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first framework integrating the detection network and the density map estimation network for counting tasks. Through comparison experiments of counting aphids, it verified that our proposed approach outperforms all other methods in counting aphids. It achieved the lowest MAE and RMSE values for both the standard and high-density aphid datasets: 2.93 and 4.01 (standard), and 34.19 and 38.66 (high-density), respectively. Moreover, the AP of the improved Yolov5 is 5 % higher than that of the original Yolov5. Especially for extremely small aphids and densely distributed aphids, the detection performance of the improved Yolov5 is significantly better than the original Yolov5. This work provides an effective early warning caused by aphids in sugar beet fields, offering protection for sugar beet growth and ensuring sugar beet yield. The datasets and project code are released at: https://github.com/JunfengGaolab/Counting-Aphids.

Optimizing biochar application for enhanced cotton and sugar beet production in Xinjiang: a comprehensive study.

Optimizing biochar application is vital for enhancing crop production and ensuring sustainable agricultural production. A 3-year field experiment was established to explore the effects of varying the biochar application rate (BAR) on crop growth, quality, productivity and yields. BAR was set at 0, 10, 50 and 100 t ha-1 in 2018; 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 t ha-1 in 2019; and 0, 10, 25 and 30 t ha-1 in 2020. Crop quality and growth status and production were evaluated using the dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution with the entropy weighted method (DTOPSIS-EW), principal component analysis (PCA), membership function analysis (MFA), gray relation analysis (GRA) and the fuzzy Borda combination evaluation method. Low-dose BAR (≤ 25 t ha-1 for cotton; ≤ 50 t ha-1 for sugar beet) effectively increased biomass, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), water and fertility (N, P and K) productivities, and yield. Biochar application increased the salt absorption and sugar content in sugar beet, with the most notable increases being 116.45% and 20.35%, respectively. Conversely, BAR had no significant effect on cotton fiber quality. The GRA method was the most appropriate for assessing crop growth and quality. The most indicative parameters for reflecting cotton and sugarbeet growth and quality status were biomass and LAI. The 10 t ha-1 BAR consistently produced the highest scores and was the most economically viable option, as evaluated by DTOPSIS-EW. The optimal biochar application strategy for improving cotton and sugar beet cultivation in Xinjiang, China, is 10 t ha-1 biochar applied continuously. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determining N2O and N2 fluxes in relation to winter wheat and sugar beet growth and development using the improved 15N gas flux method on the field scale

AbstractThe objectives of this field trial were to collect reliable measurement data on N2 emissions and N2O/(N2O + N2) ratios in typical German crops in relation to crop development and to provide a dataset to test and improve biogeochemical models. N2O and N2 emissions in winter wheat (WW, Triticum aestivum L.) and sugar beet (SB, Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) were measured using the improved 15N gas flux method with helium–oxygen flushing (80:20) to reduce the atmospheric N2 background to &lt; 2%. To estimate total N2O and N2 production in soil, production-diffusion modelling was applied. Soil samples were taken in regular intervals and analyzed for mineral N (NO3− and NH4+) and water-extractable Corg content. In addition, we monitored soil moisture, crop development, plant N uptake, N transformation processes in soil, and N translocation to deeper soil layers. Our best estimates for cumulative N2O + N2 losses were 860.4 ± 220.9 mg N m−2 and 553.1 ± 96.3 mg N m−2 over the experimental period of 189 and 161 days with total N2O/(N2O + N2) ratios of 0.12 and 0.15 for WW and SB, respectively. Growing plants affected all controlling factors of denitrification, and dynamics clearly differed between crop species. Overall, N2O and N2 emissions were highest when plant N and water uptake were low, i.e., during early growth stages, ripening, and after harvest. We present the first dataset of a plot-scale field study employing the improved 15N gas flux method over a growing season showing that drivers for N2O and N2O + N2 fluxes differ between crop species and change throughout the growing season.

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Application of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Application of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

Ecological characteristics of sugar beet plant and rhizosphere soil in response to high boron stress: A study of the remediation potential

High boron (B) stress degrades the soil environment and reduces plant productivity. Sugar beet has a high B demand and potential for remediation of B-toxic soils. However, the mechanism regarding the response of sugar beet plants and rhizosphere soil microbiome to high B stress is not clear. In the potted soil experiment, we set different soil effective B environments (0.5, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 mg kg−1) to study the growth status of sugar beets under different B concentrations, as well as the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and microbial community changes. The results showed that sugar beet growth was optimal at 5 mg kg−1 of B. Exceeding this concentration the tolerance index decreased. The injury threshold EC20 was reached at an available B concentration of 35.8 mg kg−1. Under the treatment of 100 mg kg−1, the B accumulation of sugar beet reached 0.22 mg plant−1, and the tolerance index was still higher than 60%, which had not yet reached the lethal concentration of sugar beet. The abundance of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi and Patescibacteria increased, which was beneficial to the resistance of sugar beet to high B stress. In summary, under high B stress sugar beet had strong tolerance, enhanced capacity for B uptake and enrichment, and changes in soil microbial community structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of sugar beet resistance to high B stress and soil remediation.

Sugar beet growth and yield as influenced by irrigation source as well as fertilization

Sugar beet growth and yield as influenced by irrigation source as well as fertilization

Genome-wide identification, evolution, and role of SPL gene family in beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under cold stress

BackgroundSPL transcription factors play vital roles in regulating plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), one of the world’s main sugar-producing crops, is a major source of edible and industrial sugars for humans. Although the SPL gene family has been extensively identified in other species, no reports on the SPL gene family in sugar beet are available.ResultsEight BvSPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level and were renamed based on their positions on the chromosome. The gene structure, SBP domain sequences, and phylogenetic relationship with Arabidopsis were analyzed for the sugar beet SPL gene family. The eight BvSPL genes were divided into six groups (II, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII). Of the BvSPL genes, no tandem duplication events were found, but one pair of segmental duplications was present. Multiple cis-regulatory elements related to growth and development were identified in the 2000-bp region upstream of the BvSPL gene start codon (ATG). Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of the eight BvSPL genes were examined under eight types of abiotic stress and during the maturation stage. BvSPL transcription factors played a vital role in abiotic stress, with BvSPL3 and BvSPL6 being particularly noteworthy.ConclusionEight sugar beet SPL genes were identified at the whole-genome level. Phylogenetic trees, gene structures, gene duplication events, and expression profiles were investigated. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BvSPLs play a substantial role in the growth and development of sugar beet, potentially participating in the regulation of root expansion and sugar accumulation.

Relative contribution of shade avoidance and resource competition to early-season sugar beet yield loss due to weeds

AbstractShade avoidance alters the way plants grow, usually causing them to grow taller at the expense of placing resources into leaves, roots, seeds, and other harvestable materials. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a rosette-forming biennial species that has limited capacity to grow tall in the first year of growth. In the context of crop–weed competition, it is mostly unknown to what extent shade avoidance reduces yield in sugar beet relative to other effects like resource competition. To determine the extent of yield loss due to shade avoidance in a field-relevant situation, sugar beets were grown alongside Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod in a field study. Roots were separated with a steel root barrier placed into the ground between the grass and beets. Four treatments included a weed-free control (no root barrier or grass), a root barrier control (with root barrier but no grass), shade avoidance (with root barrier and grass), and full competition (with grass but no root barrier). The presence versus absence of grass was the primary driver of effects on measured sugar beet growth and yield parameters, regardless of whether a root barrier was present. Leaf number and root length were also impacted by the presence of the root barrier. These results suggest that shade avoidance is at least as important as root interactions and resource depletion in the context of early-season sugar beet yield loss due to weeds.

Cover crop effects on fibrous roots and growth of subsequent sugar beet

Abstract Purpose Cover crops (CC) may increase root growth of the following main crop by improving the soil structure, however, the extent of this effect might depend on the CC species. This study aims at quantifying the effects of different CCs on sugar beet (SB; Beta vulgaris L.) fibrous roots and plant growth. Methods Two field trials were conducted near Göttingen, Central Germany, with SB after four CC treatments: fallow, oil radish, saia oat, and spring vetch, differing in biomass. SB root length density and biomass was analyzed to 60 cm soil depth in July, around 100 days after sowing. From June on, plants were sampled monthly to determine leaf and taproot biomass. CC biomass and SB residues were further analyzed for carbon content. Results SB root length density in 0–20 cm soil depth was increased by the CCs, particularly radish and oat, while in lower depths only non-significant differences were found. Differences between the CC treatments regarding SB leaf and taproot biomass were site-specific with increases in SB biomass after CCs at a site with high N supply, yet no effects on sugar yield were found for either site. Carbon input into the soil was significantly increased through CC cultivation by 47 to 85%. Conclusion CCs with different properties improved fibrous root and overall plant growth of SB to a different extent at sites with contrasting conditions. Future studies under diverse environmental conditions are needed to fully assess the potential benefits of CCs on following SB growth.

Endophytic colonization of sugar beet by Beauveria varroae and Beauveria bassiana reduces performance and host preference in army worm, Spodoptera littoralis

Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Boisduval 1833 is a voracious leaf feeder and major agricultural pest attacking numerous crops. Development of insecticide resistance hampers management efforts for S. littoralis and entomopathogenic fungi represent one possible alternative management tool. Here, we quantified colonization of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L, with two fungal entomopathogens, Beauveria varroae Vuillemin 1912 and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin 1912 (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), and examined their endophytic effects on biological and reproductive parameters of S. littoralis. Two methods were used to inoculate sugar beet: soaking seeds in spore suspension and spray application of conidia onto leaves. For both methods, fungal suspensions with concentrations of 1 × 104 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml colonized roots, stems, and leaves of sugar beet. The colonization rate increased over time. Following inoculation of seeds, weight gain of S. littoralis larvae fed on leaves infected with endophytic fungi was reduced compared with controls. Furthermore, protease and lipase activities in the gut of S. littoralis decreased with increasing concentration of fungus applied to plants. An increase in phenol oxidase activity in the gut also indicated increased defense response of larvae feeding on Beauveria-infected leaves. Both B. bassiana and B. varroae decreased the duration of larval and pupal stages, adult emergence, and oviposition by females. Incubation of sugar beet seeds with B. varroae or B. bassiana decreased survival of pupae and egg laying by female moths on endophyte-infested treatments by 30 and 50%, respectively, compared with controls. Furthermore, an initially female biased sex ratio decreased toward 50:50 over time in populations of S. littoralis reared on sugar beet colonized by fungal endophytes as compared with controls, which remained female-biased. Endophyte inoculation increased growth of sugar beet compared with controls. Our results indicate that B. bassiana and B. varroae affect survival of S. littoralis and may be useful for management of this pest.

The Effects of Biochar-Based Organic Fertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Quality, Beet Yield, and Sugar Yield

The addition of biochar-based organic fertilizer (BOF) can improve sugar beet yield, but its effects on the growth of sugar beet and on soil quality at different densities remain unclear. Six treatments, comprising two densities D1 and D2 (80,000 and 90,000 plant ha−1) and three application rates B1, B2, and B3 (2.75, 3.25, and 3.75 t ha−1) of BOFs + mineral fertilizer, respectively, are investigated in this research. The mineral fertilizers are typically used to supplement the total N, P2O5, and K2O deficiencies. The BOFs were used in the soil before sowing, and the mineral fertilizer was added to the soil after the first pair of true leaves was grown. At 160 days after sowing (DAS), the root-to-shoot ratio under the D2B2 treatment was significantly higher than that under the other treatments. The effect of density on the photosynthesis rate of sugar beet was not significant. The BOF application amount and density exerted interaction effects on soil physicochemical properties and the activities of different soil enzymes affecting each other. Both the D2B2 and D2B3 treatments reduced the content of NO3–-N in the 40–60 cm soil layer. Combined 90,000 plants ha–1 with 3.25 t ha−1 BOFs can increase the soil nutrient content of the 0–60 cm soil layer, improve the rhizosphere soil environment, promote the uniform distribution of dry matter, and increase sugar production.

Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria in Combination with Poultry Manure on Soil Health and Sugarbeet Productivity under Arid Climate

Sustainable agricultural productivity is under threat due to lack of interest in the use of bio-organic fertilizers to alleviate drawbacks of conventional agricultural practices. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria plays vital role in improving phosphorus availability to plants through slowly release from inorganic and organic soil phosphorus budgets by solubilization and mineralization. Furthermore, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in combination with poultry manure has great potential to improve phosphorus uptake, growth and development of the plants. Firstly, a pot experiment consisted of seven strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with one control (un-inoculated) were used using completely randomized design (CRD) for 55 days screening trial to screen out the efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains. Secondly, a field experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, South Punjab-Pakistan during 2019-2020 to explore the effect of screened efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains; PSB0=No inoculation; PSB2=Bacillus spp. PSB2, PSB3=Bacillus spp. PSB3, PSB5=Bacillus spp. PSB5, PSB6=Bacillus spp. PSB6 in combination with poultry manure; PM0= without poultry manure and PM1= with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) on growth and yield traits of sugarbeet, and rhizosphere soil health indicators. Results regarding pot experiment showed that phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains PSB2, PSB3, PSB5 and PSB6 had great potential to improve growth traits of sugarbeet crop and screened as efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains. Results of field experiment revealed that the combined application of efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains (PSB2 and PSB5) with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) produced the highest growth, and yield traits of sugarbeet crop, and rhizosphere soil health indicators.Our findings suggest that the combined application of efficient phosphorus solubilizing bacterial strains (PSB2 and PSB5) with poultry manure (20 t ha-1) is a promising and viable option to achieve the maximum sugarbeet productivity under changing environmental scenarios.

Assessment of nutrient uptake by sugar beet as a factor of the crop biological potential realization

Purpose. To establish the peculiarities of the accumulation and removal of macroelements by sugar beet in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Methods. Field research was conducted during 2020–2022 in the Chkalov Agrocompany LLC (Kirovohrad region). The scheme of the experiment provided for the cultivation of sugar beets against the background of the use of a water-retaining agent (without hydrogel; hydrogel Aquasorb, 300 kg/ha), under different systems of the main fertilizer [without fertilizers – control; manure, 20 t/ha; N170P180K350; Leonardyt, 400 kg/ha; Parostok (brand 20), 400 kg/ha] and foliar feeding during the growing season (without foliar feeding; Humifild, SE, 2 kg/ha in the BBCH stage 30 + 39). Organic and mineral fertilizers (PK) were applied in autumn at plowing and nitrogen at cultivation in early spring. The adsorbent was applied to the soil two weeks before sowing the crop locally in the zone of the row, based on the data of the GPS tracker. The rest of the agricultural activities corresponded to the generally accepted culture cultivation technology in the research area. Results. On average, according to the experiment, sugar beet used 90.2 kg/ha of nitrogen, 15.1 kg/ha of phosphorus, and 75.6 kg/ha of potassium to form a crop. The consumption of macronutrients for the formation of humus was not calculated, since it was immediately returned to the soil during harvesting. The use of organic fertilizers of the new formulation contributed not only to the formation of a high yield of sugar beet roots, but also to a significant removal of macronutrients from the soil. In particular, when applying Leonardyt (400 kg/ha) with the crop, 94.8 kg/ha of nitrogen, 16.1 kg/ha of phosphorus and 79.9 kg/ha of potassium was removed, which is 17.1; 3.1 and 14.7 kg/ha more than on the unfertilized control. When applying Parostok (brand 20) (400 kg/ha), 101.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 16.7 kg/ha of phosphorus and 84.2 kg/ha of potassium was removed, which exceeded the control indicators by 23.9; 3.8 and 19.1 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. According to the indicators of the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of photosynthesis, the highest coefficient values were obtained in the case of applying Aquasorb hydrogel in the zone of the row before sowing and fertilizing with Leonardyt (0.58–0.59) and Parostok (brand 20) (0.58–0.60). Therefore, the best conditions for the growth and development of sugar beets were formed in these treatments of the experiment. Based on the obtained coefficients of the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of photosynthesis, the yield of root crops can be predicted by the equation y = 88.5x + 5.1.

Influence of compost type, nitrogen fertilizer level and micronutrients on growth, productivity and quality of sugar beet cultivated in sandy soil

Influence of compost type, nitrogen fertilizer level and micronutrients on growth, productivity and quality of sugar beet cultivated in sandy soil