Emergence Of New Objects Research Articles

The development of Soviet penal prohibitions during the Great Patriotic war

The paper covers the study of criminal law regulation during the Great Patriotic War in the historical and legal context. The purpose of the work is to form scientifically substantiated knowledge about the features of the development of the system of penal prohibitions in Soviet law during the Great Patriotic War. Based on the constructivist paradigm, the authors study the process of transformation of penal prohibitions in wartime, highlighting the role of not only legislative but also executive and judicial bodies in this process. The conducted study allowed concluding that the transformation of criminal law regulation equally affected the general and special parts of this branch of law. However, the changes were caused both by the needs of martial law and by the transformation of criminal law shortly before the war, which was associated with the proclaimed by the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 transition to regulating this branch of law not at the republican, but at the all-Union level. In the legal doctrine and the general part of criminal law, the changes concerned primarily the criminalization of civil and labor relations, the expansion of the limits of criminal law regulation, in particular the emergence of new objects of criminal defense, and the clarification of the list of special subjects of criminal law for whom increased measures of criminal liability were established. With regard to the special part of criminal law, the changes were more specific in nature due to the need to mobilize all material and human resources to defeat the enemy and ensure law and order and public safety.

Genesis and Current State of the Forensic Prediction Theory

Predictive activities in the field of forensic science are one of the most relevant practice-oriented areas of research within the framework of forensic science. Predicting development trends of any subject, process, and system based on existing information about them and the achieved level of science allows us to obtain advanced knowledge that is relevant given the high speed of emergence, processing and use of information in modern society. The digitalization process causes the emergence of new objects and new tasks of expert research, changes in their methods and methodology, which significantly affects the formation and development of new types of forensic examinations. The theory of forensic forecasting should become the foundation for scientifically based forecasts in this area. The work scrutinizes the genesis of this theory, its close connection with scientific forecasting in other sciences of the criminal legal cycle. Particular attention is given to its connection with forensic forecasting. The paper states the relatively low level of development of the theory of forensic forecasting, and identifies factors that complicate forecasting in the field of forensic activity. The relevance of further developments in this area is noted. It is indicated that the timely organization of methodological developments, updating of professional and educational requirements for experts and other practically significant activities require theoretical predictive information for their planning.

Institutionalization of mediation for the settlement of disputes in the field of intellectual property laws

The proposed article is devoted to the study of the institution of mediation as an independent procedure for the settlement of disputes in the field of intellectual property law. The author notes that the rather rapid stage of the development of the information society, IT technologies, the emergence of new objects of civil rights, including objects of intellectual property rights, pose a number of tasks to the legislator that require their urgent solution, in particular, the task of proper legal regulation of social relations, which, already today, take place in the state and society in general. In addition, taking the integration course of Ukraine into the EU also sets before our state the conditions for improving the legal regulation of intellectual property in accordance with international legal norms, in particular, the improvement of those legal provisions of national legislation related to the resolution of disputes in the field of intellectual property law, which are increasingly happening in reality. Therefore, the legislator adopts a number of legal acts regarding the improvement of legal regulation of relations arising in the field of intellectual property law, an example of which is the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Mediation». After all, mediation occupies a special place among the conciliation procedures for the settlement of disputes among alternatives to court proceedings for the resolution of disputes related to violations of intellectual property rights.Based on the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that mediation in the field of intellectual property can be used in the following cases: – when settling disputes arising in connection with the use of objects intellectual property without the consent of the right holder (author, creator, inventor or the person who owns intellectual property rights in accordance with the contract or law); – disputes arising in the event of violations of intellectual property rights; – disputes arising during licensing and transfer of intellectual property rights property; – disputes arising in connection with the conclusion and performance of contracts in in the field of intellectual property, in particular, contracts on the disposition of property rights of intellectual property; – disputes arising from the use of intellectual property objects, which are transferred to third parties.

Problematic Aspects of the Classification of Forensic Economic Examination

The theoretical-methodological foundations of the development of forensic economic examination regarding the determination of classification features of its species composition have not only theoretical-methodological, but also direct practical significance in the activities of expert economists, as well as judicial investigative bodies in the event that the latter appoint this type of examinations. This research paper’s purpose is to study the criteria for the classification of forensic economic examinations, established by soviet scientific thought, aimed at improving the systematization of their species composition. Using the techniques of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization, it was determined that the emergence of new types and sorts of forensic economic examinations depends on factors that can be combined into two groups: 1) socio-economic relations — a change of their format; 2) judicial and investigative practice —emergence of new objects of research and tasks; 3) economic offenses — new ways, techniques of committing economic crimes. It has been established that the structural differentiation of this type of forensic examinations is due to the procedural needs of the judicial and investigative practice. It has been found that the criterion for systematization of the species composition of forensic examinations belongs to the economic plane, namely to the distribution of social production into the spheres of material and immaterial production. The next stage of the distribution of economic examinations is to the relevant industries according to certain types of activity with the definition of the main criterion of classification — according to the type of production activity. Thanks to this, compliance with the set of requirements for the scientifically based selection of classification criteria with the distinction of sorts and types of economic examinations is ensured.

How is Technical Creativity Possible?

The article deals with the problem of sources, possibilities and limitations of technical creativity. Technical creativity is defined in the article as the creation of objects that are qualitatively different from all previously created artifacts. The problem of impossibility, improbability and unthinkability of creativity is analyzed. The possibility of its solution in the case of technical creativity is considered. The role of the subject and the environment in the emergence of new objects is revealed. The limitations and conditions of inventive activity are considered, including the role of previously created technical devices. The methodological basis of the work is the three-act concept of P.K. Engelmeyer and the theory of affordances (possibility) by D. Gibson. It is shown that in ontological terms, technical creativity can be considered as the realization of those possibilities that are determined by the characteristics of the environment, in particular, physical laws, but due to various circumstances are not updated without the participation of the subject. At the same time, technical evolution should be considered in the unity of its own internal laws and human activity. Internal patterns are due to the fact that the emergence of new devices creates new opportunities (affordances) for constructive human activity. The role of the subject in this case is to actualize the potential, that is, the practical implementation of those opportunities that appear in the "man-environment" system. The limitations of technical creativity are logical, physical, paradigm consistency and praxeological admissibility. On the example of generative neural networks, the possibilities and limitations of machine creativity are considered.

Principles of somatic human rights as a basis for their implementation in the development of modern biotechnology

The article emphasizes that the creation and use of new technologies have a twofold impact on human rights. Technical and technological development makes it possible to increase labor productivity, which leads to the strengthening of the economy, raising living standards. In addition, the widespread use of new medical and biotechnologies improves the quality and duration of life. The gap between the emergence and further improvement of new technologies and the pace of social change continues to widen, which is a problem for finding consensual social norms, their assessment by society and their formulation as legislation. In these circumstances, it is difficult to develop effective legal regulation of emerging social relations. At the same time, a balance must be struck between a certain breadth of regulatory boundaries for the free development of technology and research and the normative establishment of restrictions and prohibitions to prevent risks and threats to the human person, his dignity and rights. In view of this, the human rights system serves as such a legal mechanism, as it has the opportunity to offer legal approaches to regulate the use of new technologies, taking into account the traditional values of recognizing the superiority of the human person and his rights. It is concluded that the practice of using human rights remedies in the field of genetic research, features of genetic information (may belong not only to the individual but also to the community, not limited to medical issues), the possible emergence of new objects of protection (e.g. human embryo) raise the issue of the formulation of special rights, which is part of the system of constitutional human rights in Ukraine. However, not all of the above- mentioned human rights, which follow from the provisions of international legal acts regulating genomic research, are formulated in the list of current human rights in Ukraine. Key words: human rights, generation of human rights, somatic rights, principles of law, rule of law, system, hierarchy, legal regulation.

The impact of digital transformation on changing legal nature of information in digital form

The article examines the legal nature of digital information in the context of the development of the digital economy and the digitalization of public life. The author draws attention to the fact that information in digital form forms the basis for the emergence of new objects involved in turnover. Turnover, taking into account the need to meet the various needs of the individual, exists both in fact – in everyday reality and in virtual space – through information systems. In modern circulation in everyday life and the electronic environment, information can be presented in various forms. It is noted that in the conditions of rapid development of information technologies, the right to access information becomes important, and the information carrier loses its previously known importance in legal relations. In the conditions of digitalization, the division of new turnover objects into two varieties is proposed. The first group consists of objects that exist in the usual real form, but acquire an electronic form. Transformation accelerates turnover and allows us to work out optimal ways to exercise rights to such objects. The second group is formed by objects that arise and exist in virtual space within the framework of information systems. The possibilities of using such objects are determined by the level of development of information technologies. It is impossible to predict the appearance of new objects of economic value in the digital economy, and the choice of legal economy tools is not always a suitable way of law-making. Special attention is paid to information as a basis for turnover objects in the context of the theory of absolute and relative rights. The attempt to establish the ownership of information and limited property rights is analyzed, and the conclusion is made about the problematic existence of such structures. At the same time, the author shows a change in the understanding and essential meaning of information as a category in the conditions of digital transformation. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a concept of digital information regulation.

Value added tax: issues of the organization and methods of accounting calculations

The rapid process of reforming and improving the tax system contributes to the emergence of new objects for scientific research. The introduction of the electronic register of tax invoices, the electronic administration system of VAT led to the need for changes in the implementation of accounting procedures, the accrual and payment of tax, drawing up and registration of tax invoices, settlements with the budget. The abovementioned requires a study to determine specific features of VAT accounting, systematization of individual stages of its implementation. The position of the taxpayer as a permanent user of the electronic administration system at the time of financial accounting is reflected. The process of documentation depending on the essence of economic operations and the position of business entities, the features of primary accounting for the tax on value added and subsequent generalization in such a type of calculation is investigated. The process of forming VAT-accounting, which is used in Ukraine with the introduction of technological support is presented schematically. An approach to accounting for a tax credit and a tax liability for VAT is given, depending on the terms of payment and taking into account the needs of the organization of analytical accounting, which is associated with the possibility of registering a tax invoice with a date different from the date of its preparation. The features of accounting for the object of research are considered. Displayed detailing on the maintenance of VAT calculation when preparing the formation of tax reporting. The conditions for calculating the repayment of the tax liability and the value-added tax credit after the filing of the tax return were tracked. As a result of the work carried out, the stages of the process of accounting, reporting on VAT and its payment were systematized, as well as the expression of an opinion from an accounting point of view regarding the effectiveness of automation of tax accounting for taxes and its impact on the tax system, financial accounting at enterprises, as well as the formation of unresolved issues before legislation to ensure a high level of functioning of this system.

Облік витрат у сфері електронної торгівлі в Україні

The rapid development of e-commerce affects the methodology of accounting, forming new tasks for modeling the behavior of business entities. In the presence on the net, having an own website, the efficiency of online advertising events increases, since any advertising may contain a link to the company’s website. To develop a website, the company bears certain costs, in particular: for services of creating a design, domain registration, promotion, website support, services for placing website data on the server, and others. The use of websites in the activities of e-commerce enterprises leads to the emergence of new objects to be reflected in accounting, thus it is necessary to determine the methods of evaluation, signs of classification and accounting methodology. At that, it should be noted that the legal and methodological documents regulating accounting do not fully reflect these changes and need to be supplemented. This article is concerned with substantiation of theoretical provisions and development of practical recommendations in terms of accounting for the costs of creating a website, its operation, promotion, and maintenance. Methodical approaches to accounting for the costs of creating a website are proposed, which should be improved taking into account such factors as: method of creation; stages of this process; identification of accounting procedures. The conducted research allowed to formulate criteria for recognizing the website as an intangible asset, which is important for improving the accounting policy of the enterprise. Thus, the presented methodology will help to form reliable accounting information that will avoid distortion of accounting data.

ГЕНЕЗИС СУДОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ

The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the main stages of the genesis of forensic economic expertise and determine the future prospects of its development. To achieve the goal, two tasks have been allocated. The first task is the definition of scientists and their concept of the development of forensic expertise in the economy during the historical period of its establishment. The second task concerns the classification of types of forensic economic expertise in different periods of time and the analysis of the argumentation of its development according to the main stages. In the article, the author analyzed the relationship between forensic expertise and the development of accounting. It was established that the first stage of its appearance as a separate type of activity is the period of expertise, which is essentially related to the control function and has the features of an audit. It has been established that scientists associate the second stage (seventeenth century) with the period of creation of special institutes of expert accountants, whose specialists conducted expertise at the request of judicial authorities. The third stage of the development of forensic expertise is characterized by researchers with the processes of distinguishing audit methods and methods of forensic accounting expertise in practice. The results of the reasoned testimony of scientists made it possible to form the fourth stage of the genesis of forensic expertise, when it became an organizationally independent branch of knowledge and was provided with methodological developments for the work of forensic experts. The scientific result of the study represents the establishment of the prerequisites for the further transformation of forensic economic expertise taking into account the global digitalization of the economy and the beginning of the fifth stage of the development of forensic economic expertise. The author provided the characteristics of modern economic relationships based on digital technologies, which will significantly affect the methodical support of the expertise for judicial proceedings. The author attributes to such features: the introduction of IT technologies as an intermediary between the provider and the consumer of services, the modification of documentary confirmation of the facts of economic transactions to virtual transactions with database archives regarding their implementation in cloud technologies. The author made a conclusion about the emergence of new objects of forensic economic expertise. They represent economic products, resources and factors determined by digitized relations. The new circumstances of economic relations in the IT economic environment and objects of forensic economic expertise will become part of the methodological guidelines, according to which the forensic experts will be able to perform expertise. The abovementioned represents the practical significance of the obtained results and the direction of further scientific research. Keywords: forensic economic examination, stages of the genesis of forensic economic examination, tools of forensic economic examination, regulatory regulation of forensic economic examination, retrospective analysis of forensic economic examination, accounting examination

Artificial radio lighting with sources of microwave dynamic chaos.

Application of dynamic chaos for the illumination of the surrounding space by artificial incoherent sources of microwave radiation with the purpose of its subsequent observation using special receiving equipment is considered. An incoherent broadband microwave radiation field is provided by "radio light lamps" based on dynamic chaos generators. The radio light is received with specially designed sensitive elements that combine the properties of an envelope detector in communication systems and a radiometer. It is shown that with the help of directional antennas connected to these sensitive elements, it is possible to create receivers with spatial resolution for visualizing a part of the surrounding space in artificial radio light. Radio light images of a room have been obtained. The possibility to detect changes associated with the emergence of new objects on these images is demonstrated.

Проблемы исполнения завещания в отношении цифровых активов наследодателя

Difficulties in ensuring the transfer of rights to digital assets to heirs exist today in most legal systems of the world, which is due to the lack of readiness of traditional inheritance law for such rapid development of technologies and the emergence of new objects. Taking into account foreign experience, the article analyzes the main problems that may arise in Russia in the process of executing wills in relation to digital assets due to the restriction in the law of their composition that does not meet the needs of turnover, the lack of a unified approach to understanding the legal regime of their individual types, the need to rethink the status and role of the executor in this process.

NEOLEXEMS WITH THE VIP COMPONENT IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The article establishes the historical and linguistic origin of the abbreviation VIP, analyzes the creation of original neolexes with this abbreviation, the lexical meaning of derived units with the estimated token-component VIP, which in the last two decades founded the word-formation system of the Ukrainian language. It is stated that social, political, economic changes in society at the beginning of the XXI century significantly influenced the development of language and contributed to the emergence of new objects, phenomena, concepts, in accordance with the new words for their names. The derivational potential of a neolexem with a VIP component and their lexical-semantic typology are established. It is proved that noun derivatives note the greatest ability to name concepts in any field, to reflect the diversity of a significant range of conceptual areas. The abbreviation VIP is used to know famous statesmen and politicians, influential officials, famous people from world culture and art, people who occupy the necessary society or service residents, have power, influence. That is why it was first combined with nouns - people were called. Later, this abbreviation began to be combined with nouns to denote other names of the Ukrainian language. The analyzed factual material made it possible to create a high frequency of placement of the abbreviation M, which creates derivative words that create a unified world dwelling to indicate the highest degree of detection of signs.

İnsanı əhatə edən mühitdə rəngin əhəmiyyəti

The use of color has always been an important part of the process of organizing the human environment. Today they seem even more acute and relevant in the context of the typology of objects of the space environment, including the emergence of new objects and the significant expansion of the processes of functional complexity and modernization of existing ones. At the same time, the quantitative and qualitative complexity of the human environment continues to grow.

One Real Estate Complex: Concept and Prospects of Law

One of the most important and discussed topics of Russian civilization is the issue of objects of civil law. The topic under study is not adequately reflected in domestic civil law and judicial arbitration practice. According to legal scholars, the ongoing changes in domestic civil legislation have not eliminated problems that relate to objects of civil law. The constant complication of civil law turnover and the development of domestic science of civil law are forced to carry out targeted work in this direction. The domestic legislator initiates the necessary new norms of civil law. As a result, this entails, among other things, the emergence of new objects of civil law. The expediency of expanding the list of objects of civil law requires a rethinking of existing legal concepts and work on serious theoretical and practical justification of new ones. In legal science and practice, the need to include the legal concept of "single immovable complex" in the current civil legislation of the Russian Federation is proved Legal scholars have formed various opinions that characterize it. Domestic civilizations have identified and analyzed the theoretical and practical shortcomings of a single immovable complex. A comparative legal study of a single real estate complex, an enterprise as a property complex, a complex thing was carried out and it is confirmed that they are not identical. Obviously, a single immovable complex is a necessary and relevant legal concept of domestic scientific thought. In order to create a single real estate complex, some conditions are needed. The rights holder of movable and immovable property by his will decides to create it. The permitting authorities, through State registration, decide to establish. Disadvantages of a single immovable complex, both theoretical and practical, are indicated. Similarities and differences in the design of the enterprise as a property complex, a complex thing, and a single real estate complex made it possible to identify the features of the legal status of the latter and distinguish it as an independent object of civil rights. Despite the fact that in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation there are such legal concepts as "enterprise as a property complex" and "complex thing," the inclusion of a single real estate complex in the current civil legislation is necessary. The legal significance of this concept is unconditional. It justifies its own point of view on the problem and the place of a single immovable complex in the system of objects of civil law. Recognizing the need for the concept of "single immovable complex" in the current civil legislation of the Russian Federation, the domestic legislator should focus on its significant theoretical and practical shortcomings that impede the effective enforcement of the provisions of Art. 1331 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Domestic legislators need to give them an appropriate legal assessment, as well as suggest effective ways to solve them.

The Fundamental doctrine of the criminalistics study of computer tools and systems as part of the theory of information and computer support for criminalistics activities

The development of digitalization constantly generates new forms of crime, changes in the mechanisms of how they are committed, and concealment. The problem of combating such crimes is transnational in nature. This article considers the difficulties of creating the criminalistics study of computer tools and systems doctrine as part of the theory of information and computer support of criminalistics activities. The authors’ negative stance on the issue is indicated as well as the addition of definitions to the name of criminalistics that are related to the emergence of new objects of expertise: “electronic criminalistics”, “linguistic criminalistics”, “digital criminalistics”, and others. The unity of criminalistics as a science having its own subject, system, tasks, and objects is declared. The article substantiates the subject of the theory of criminalistics research of computer tools and systems as a system for gathering significant computer information on the basis of the knowledge of which technical and criminalistics methods, tools, techniques, and methods for identifying, fixing, and seizing evidence and orienting criminalistics information about computer tools are developed. In addition, the theory is based on systems in legal proceedings in criminal, civil, and administrative cases. The objects of this theory are computer tools and systems as well as the search and criminalistics evidence of information contained in them. Based on the doctrine of the criminalistics investigation of computer tools and systems, the foundations of a new area of criminalistics techniques and technology, as a system of scientific principles, are provided. This area centers around recommendations, tools, techniques, and methods designed to collect and study information about computer tools and systems. Digital footprints and the processes of their occurrence, transmission, and transformation in order to obtain evidence in legal proceedings, disclosure, and prevention of crimes, are included.

ORGANIZATION OF SPECIALISTS EDUCATION AND TREINING IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN UKRAINE: PAST AND PRESENT

Summary. Changes in many areas of economic activity in Ukraine, the introduction of the latest technologies, the emergence of new objects of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and an increase in the level of environmental hazard pose new challenges in the field of preventive medicine, which requires the improvement of theoretical knowledge and practical training of specialists.
 Aim. Theoretical justification of new approaches to postgraduate training of Preventive Medicine Physicians in Ukraine in connection with the transformation of the healthcare system into the Public Health system of Ukraine and the introduction of a new model of postgraduate education – the Continuous Professional Development system.
 Materials and methods. Normative legal acts of Ukraine in the field of medical education and in the field of activity of the sanitary-epidemiological service of Ukraine were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made up of the methods: bibliosemantic, logical-structural approach, and content analysis.
 Results and discussion. The system of training specialists in preventive medicine, which was created during the years of independence of Ukraine in accordance with the needs of the system of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine, is considered. The analysis of problematic issues related to the modern undergraduate and postgraduate education of preventive medicine doctors in the new legislation in the field of education and science in Ukraine is carried out. The priority areas of development of the system of postgraduate education and training of specialists in preventive medicine based on the model of Continuing Professional Development are highlighted. A new look at the specialty "toxicology" as a promising area of scientific and practical activity and a key tool of the Public Health system is substantiated. The programs of education and training for toxicologists according to the standards of the European Union countries were presented. The prospect of further research in this direction was reasonable.
 Conclusions. Reforming the Ukrainian healthcare system towards the creation of the European Public Health system requires a radical change in the model of undergraduate and postgraduate training of preventive medicine physicians, namely the creation of a new professional Public Health group, where the toxicology specialty should be one of the main ones.

Artificial Radio Illumination in a Closed Space

The problem of illumination of objects and surfaces by artificial incoherent sources of microwave radiation (radio light lamps based on dynamic chaos generators) in order to observe them using special receiving equipment is considered. A scheme of a receiver is developed and an experimental model of such a receiver with a spatial resolution sufficient for the visualization of a part of the surrounding space in artificial radio light is implemented. Images of a room in radio light are obtained. The feasibility of detecting changes on these images, associated with the emergence of new objects, is shown.

POSSIBILITIES OF FORENSIC VETERINARY AS A NEW TYPE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE

The article is devoted to a new type of forensic examination - forensic veterinary examination. Possibilities of forensic veterinary examination are substantiated. A description is given of the subject, objects, subject, tasks of the forensic veterinary examination, a list of questions that are put to the expert to solve them. It is shown that new and existing types of criminal acts contribute to the growth of tension in the world and cause the emergence of new objects and tasks of expert research, and, therefore, new special knowledge, the latest research methods and tools are needed. The need to open a new type of forensic examination in the system of forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, forensic veterinary examination, is due to the fact that violation of quarantine conditions, purchase and sale of animals, their improper use for breeding and other purposes, poaching, cruelty to animals, as well as a violation of the rules for the disposal of corpses leads to criminal proceedings and court cases, and, consequently, the need for a forensic examination. Forensic veterinary examination covers a wide range of knowledge and research relating to live animals, their corpses, livestock, medicines used in veterinary medicine, documentation. Opening of a new expert specialty - “Forensic Veterinary Expertise” in the system of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine contributes to the solution of many issues that arise in law enforcement in investigating offenses related to objects of veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, enriches new opportunities for domestic forensic activities, creates relevant prospects for research in this field.

THEORY OF FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF LAW

The article deals with the concept of a general theory of forensic expertology, the conditions for its creation, the place of forensic expert science in the system of legal sciences, the limits of its subject matter, the issues of interaction and the relationship of the science of forensic science and forensic expertology. The system and structure of the general theory of forensic expertology and its tasks are given. Separate articles of the Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, Administrative, Economic, Customs and Other Codes of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” of 1994 and the constitutional confirmation (article 92, paragraph 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine) of the legislative provision of forensic expertise are the further legal basis development of legal, organizational and managerial directions of forensic expertology. Forensic expertology does not only preserves the “birthmarks” of forensic science, but also, in turn, influences the dialectics of the development of the subject of forensic science and the content of its scientific fields (forensic techniques, forensic tactics and forensic methos). In particular, it requires clarifying the well-established view of the unity of forensic techniques for the investigator and expert. The first is made to collect “trace information”, the second is used for its in-depth study based on special knowledge in order to turn it into evidence-based information. Different goals are provided with different means of content. It is more accurate to raise the question of interaction, the “docking” of two, although closely related, but independent branches of scientific and technical means serving justice. The tasks of the general theory of forensic expertise (expert studies) are similar to the tasks of forensic science. They can be divided into general and special. General task is the creation of a scientific base for the purpose of the functioning and development of the industry of the use of special knowledge in examinations for the needs of legal proceedings, assistance in the fight against crime and other offenses, resolution of civil law disputes. Special task is the study of the laws of formation and development of specific types of forensic expertises, the expansion of their capabilities; development and improvement of expert technologies, tools, methods and techniques; the formation of the scientific foundations of new types of forensic expertises in connection with the emergence of new objects (computer, art history, etc.); developing expert crime prevention measures; development of an automated workplace software (AWS) for an expert of various types of research, study and implementation of advanced expert experience; forecasting expert practice processes and research tasks. Specific tasks are the up-to-date tasks that the practice puts before so the science of expert science to meet the needs that have arisen. Key words: forensic expertology, forensic expertise, legal science, theory.