Emergence Of Health Research Articles

From colonialism to global health: Frameworks for the history of medicine in Portugal's empire

AbstractPortugal's empire brought together peoples and pathogens, along with wide‐ranging forms of medical expertise and curative practice, into multiethnic and polyglot colonial settlements around the globe. Many aspects of Portuguese imperial policy and much of the work of colonial institutions were fundamentally linked to the challenges of disease, population loss, and the preservation of health. Only in the last half‐century have these dynamics become an area of intensive archival research. The present essay surveys major developments in the history of medicine in Portugal's empire. It links historiographical shifts to the intellectual currents that accompanied colonialism, decolonization, postcolonialism, and the emergence of global health—identifying key interventions and noting significant opportunities for future research.

The Hospitalist Movement 25 Years Later.

Hospitalists are generalists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients. In the 25 years since the term hospitalist was coined, the field of hospital medicine has grown exponentially and established a substantial footprint in the medical community. There are now more hospitalists than practicing physicians in any other internal medicine subspecialty. Several key forces catalyzed the growth in the field of hospital medicine, including the quality, safety, and value movements; residency duty hour restrictions; the emergence of electronic health records; and the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking ahead, we see new opportunities in the realms of technology and telemedicine, and challenges persist in regard to balancing financial considerations with increasing workload and burnout. Hospitalists must remain nimble and seize emerging opportunities to continue supporting the field's prominence and growth.

Flame-retardant performance of phosphorylated furan-containing alkyd resins

Over the past decade, with the emergence of environmental and human health concerns, research has focused on developing new solutions to replace fossil resources with more sustainable biobased resources. Furan derivatives can be obtained from plants, and their structures provide high resistance to high temperatures. Furan derivatives have been functionalized with phosphorus (P) to increase their fire-resistance properties. Thus, a new biobased bisfuran containing nitrogen and phosphorus (diethyl (((3-((((diethoxyphosphoryl)(hydroxy)(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)benzyl)amino)(hydroxy)(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methyl)phosphonate (HMF-MXDA-DEP)) was synthesized and used for the first time in polymerization to develop alkyd resins. The flame-retardant (FR) properties of these resins were studied. Alkyd resins are generally used as a binder in paint or varnish formulations. The use of a reactive FR during the polycondensation reaction of alkyd resins makes it possible to form covalent bonds and offer better durability over time. The impact of HMF-MXDA-DEP on film properties such as drying time, flexibility, adhesion and color was studied, and the thermal and FR properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis–combustion flow calorimetry. Increased thermal stability and good FR properties of alkyd resins were demonstrated. In the cone calorimeter test, the lowest peak heat release rate (pHRR) was obtained with a coating of 2 wt% phosphorus HMF-MXDA-DEP on wood, and a 49% decrease in pHRR compared with that of FR-free alkyd resins was demonstrated.

Hubungan keberadaan TPA Sampah Sowi Gunung terhadap pengembangan kawasan permukiman di Distrik Manokwari Selatan

The main focus of this research is to examine the impact of the existence of the Final Processing Site (TPA) on the physical condition of the surrounding environment and the socio-economic conditions of the surrounding community. In this study, physical conditions were measured based on Surface Water Conditions, Shallow Ground Water Conditions/Wells, Air Quality, and Soil Quality. The impact on the socio-economic conditions to the community was measured based on the emergence of new livelihoods, health, and main livelihood income. The data will be analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation method, where the X variable is the impact of the presence of the landfill and Y1-Y7 variables were the impact on the physical environment and socio-economic conditions of the community. The results of this study are that the physical condition of the waste landfill in Sowi Gunung has a negative impact on the community and the environment around the landfill. The social conditions caused by the landfill in Sowi Gunung do not affect the people living around the landfill. The correlation analysis of the relationship between the existence of the Sowi Gunung Final Disposal Site (TPA) on physical environmental conditions including surface water, shallow groundwater/wells, air quality, soil quality with low to very low correlations. The correlation between the socio-economic conditions of the community: livelihoods, health, and income around the TPA, has a low to very low correlation.

Stress and self-esteem in young high school students

IntroductionThe course of adolescence is marked by feelings of insecurity, vulnerability and can be accompanied by the emergence of several mental health problems.Having a good self-esteem brings many benefits such as security, well-being and a strong sense of confidence. Low self-esteem is often accompanied by psychological distress such as stress.ObjectivesTo assess the level of stress and self-esteem in young high school students and to identify the risk factors associated with low self-esteem in these adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted among a sample of adolescents randomly collected in 6 schools in the region of Sfax-Tunisia, during the month of February 2022. The level of stress was assessed using the Lovibond Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both scales are validated in Arabic.ResultsWe collected 396 adolescents. The mean age was 16.65+/-0.897 years and the sex ratio was 0.82.Of these adolescents, 102 had stress symptoms according to the DASS-21 scale, i.e. 26% of the sample. Stress was severe to extremely severe in 37.2% of cases.Low to very low self-esteem was found in 65.7% of cases compared to 14.7% with high self-esteem.In addition to the association with high levels of stress in these adolescents (p=0.002), low self-esteem was associated with other psycho-social factors such as intra-family relationship problems (p=0.014), a history of repeating a year (p=0.026), low to average school performance (p=0.027) and behavioural problems in the school environment (p=0.032).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the association of stress with certain psycho-social factors helps the deterioration of self-esteem in adolescents and vice versa.Having high self-esteem may protect the individual from psychological vulnerabilities such as stress and help him/her to cope with them.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Health, Suicidal Thoughts, and the Life Course: How Worsening Health Emerges as a Determinant of Suicide Ideation in Early Adulthood.

Poor physical health places adults at greater risk for suicide ideation. However, the linkage between health and suicidal thoughts may emerge and become established during early adulthood, concomitant with other social processes underlying suicidality. Using nationally representative survey data from Waves III through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,331), we examine the emergence of health as a predictor of suicide ideation across the early adult life course (ages 18-43). We find that worsening health does not significantly predict suicide ideation until young adults approach the transition into midlife. Our findings suggest this may be due to the increasing severity of health problems, reduced social network engagement, and disruption of social responsibilities later in early adulthood. Our findings underscore the need for social science research to examine the relationship between mental and physical health from a life course perspective.

On Some Aspects Of The Digitalization Of Health And The Development Of The Global E-Health Market

The article analyses the factors influencing the emergence of digital health at the present stage, examining the e-health ecosystem, its main modules and their impact on the effectiveness of patient relationships. Some of the challenges inherent in the process of digitalization of the healthcare industry are explored. The authors point out that a distinctive feature of the current stage of digitalization is the rapid generation of volumes of useful data, related to the processes of disease diagnosis and treatment. The dynamics of the development of the global digital medicine market in the period from 2018 is presented, a forecast is made for its development until 2024, including by market segments and regions of the world. It is shown that, thanks to digitalization, the healthcare industry is moving to a qualitatively new level of its development. The authors analyse the reasons for changes in the structure of the global e-health market, and consider some aspects of investment in this industry.

Community Mental Health Care in Aotearoa New Zealand: Past, Present, and the Road Ahead.

The healthcare system in Aotearoa New Zealand is currently undergoing a far-reaching overhaul. When it comes to mental health reforms, it is helpful to look at the road ahead, while paying attention to the road behind. Policies and services concerning the mental health and addiction sectors have undergone various reforms; first, during the transition from a hospital-centered to the current community-based system, and second, in the successive attempts to improve this system. In this article, we provide an overview of the current mental health and addiction health care system. We also discuss the impact of colonization on community mental health, the emergence of community-based mental health and addiction policy and services in Aotearoa New Zealand, and the challenges along the way. Finally, we identify five key areas requiring special attention during the current period of reform. Over all, we believe there is broad support for reducing the emphasis on individualized approaches to mental wellbeing and moving all systems and structures towards models inclusive of social context, including approaches that incorporate service users' perspectives, family, communities, and culture. We look forward to policy and services with a much stronger orientation to the diverse needs of our population.

The emergence of custodial health nursing as a specialty whose time has come: An Australian experience.

Nurses provide healthcare in prisons worldwide. Working within security restraints, in environments not designed for nursing care, custodial health nurses (CHNs) use specialist nursing skills and knowledge to do essential work. Rapid increases in prisoner age, infirmity and ill-health of prisoners mandate their access to these nurses. To raise awareness of the CHNs struggle for specialty status within the nursing profession, public health frameworks and prisons. Publicly available information is organised and analysed through the author's lens of 20 years working in the Australian prison system as a general nurse and nurse practitioner. CHNs efforts towards becoming a specialty within nursing, public health and prisons are ongoing. Overcoming barriers and maximising facilitators to effective CHN practice would be indicators of successful incorporation of nursing models that assist prisoner patients. Prison healthcare contexts are unique regarding prisoner health and funding that impacts the CHNs resourcing, their scope of practice and acceptance of nursing in prison systems and the broader healthcare sectors. Greater visibility of the CHNs will help promote policy reforms regarding nursing services within a changing prisoner demographic. Changes to educational and professional support for CHNs are needed. Policy restrictions on funding for CHN models in Australia fall short of international standards for prison healthcare; however, political and organisational commitment in this area will be necessary to attain community-equivalent healthcare standards across the custodial setting. Professional structures, competencies and specialty policy frameworks are required to promote CHNs as advocates for prisoners needing care and their professional development. CHNs at the forefront of policy development and review will benefit all stakeholders in custodial health.

Communicating ocean and human health connections: An agenda for research and practice.

The emergence of ocean and human health (OHH) science as a distinct scholarly discipline has led to increased research outputs from experts in both the natural and social sciences. Formal research on communication strategies, messaging, and campaigns related to OHH science remains limited despite its importance as part of the social processes that can make knowledge actionable. When utilized to communicate visible, local issues for targeting audiences, OHH themes hold the potential to motivate action in pursuit of solutions to environmental challenges, supplementing efforts to address large-scale, abstract, or politicized issues such as ocean acidification or climate change. Probing peer-reviewed literature from relevant areas of study, this review article outlines and reveals associations between society and the quality of coastal and marine ecosystems, as well as key themes, concepts, and findings in OHH science and environmental communication. Recommendations for future work concerning effective ocean and human health science communication are provided, creating a platform for innovative scholarship, evidence-based practice, and novel collaboration across disciplines.

Smartphone Apps for Surveillance of Gestational Diabetes: Scoping Review.

Developments and evolutions in the information and communication technology sector have provided a solid foundation for the emergence of mobile health (mHealth) in recent years. The cornerstone to management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the self-management of glycemic indices, dietary intake, and lifestyle adaptations. Given this, it is readily adaptable to incorporation of remote monitoring strategies involving mHealth solutions. We sought to examine and assess the available smartphone apps which enable self-monitoring and remote surveillance of GDM with a particular emphasis on the generation of individualized patient feedback. Five databases were searched systematically for any studies evaluating mHealth-supported smartphone solutions for GDM management from study inception until January 2022. The studies were screened and assessed for eligibility of inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Ultimately, 17 studies were included involving 1871 patients across 11 different countries. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) conceptual framework was adhered to for data extraction and categorization purposes. All studies analyzed as part of this review facilitated direct uploading of data from the handheld glucometer to the downloaded patient-facing smartphone app. Glycemic data were captured by all studies and were reassuringly found to be either improved or noninferior to extant models of hospital-based care. Feedback was delivered in either an automated fashion through in-app communication from the health care team or facilitated through bidirectional communication with the app and hospital portal. Although resource utilization and cost-effective analyses were reported in some studies, the results were disparate and require more robust analysis. Where patient and staff satisfaction levels were evaluated, the response was overwhelmingly positive for mHealth smartphone-delivered care strategies. Emergency cesarean section rates were reduced; however, elective cesarean sections were comparatively increased among studies where the mode of delivery was assessed. Most reviewed studies did not identify any differences in maternal, perinatal, or neonatal health when app-based care was compared with usual in-person review. This comprehensive scoping review highlights the feasibility, reliability, and acceptability of app-assisted health care for the management of GDM. Although further exploration of the economic benefit is required prior to implementation in a real-world clinical setting, the prospect of smartphone-assisted health care for GDM is hugely promising.

Rapid Convolutional Neural Networks for Gram-Stained Image Classification at Inference Time on Mobile Devices: Empirical Study from Transfer Learning to Optimization.

Despite the emergence of mobile health and the success of deep learning (DL), deploying production-ready DL models to resource-limited devices remains challenging. Especially, during inference time, the speed of DL models becomes relevant. We aimed to accelerate inference time for Gram-stained analysis, which is a tedious and manual task involving microorganism detection on whole slide images. Three DL models were optimized in three steps: transfer learning, pruning and quantization and then evaluated on two Android smartphones. Most convolutional layers (≥80%) had to be retrained for adaptation to the Gram-stained classification task. The combination of pruning and quantization demonstrated its utility to reduce the model size and inference time without compromising model quality. Pruning mainly contributed to model size reduction by 15×, while quantization reduced inference time by 3× and decreased model size by 4×. The combination of two reduced the baseline model by an overall factor of 46×. Optimized models were smaller than 6 MB and were able to process one image in <0.6 s on a Galaxy S10. Our findings demonstrate that methods for model compression are highly relevant for the successful deployment of DL solutions to resource-limited devices.

Challenges and response to pandemics as seen in a One Health perspective

The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 not only exposed the fragility of global preparedness and response to public health emergence, but also illustrated the fragmentation and gaps of research and development ecosystem. This emphasizes the need for planned actions against the potentiality of new pandemics and requires research to better understand how viruses bridge the animal/human divide making human-to-human transmission of new diseases possible. Major challenges to response to new epidemics under the current health framework reside in the so called 4-CC approach that focuses on Concept, Communication, Coherence, and Continuity. There is a need to also add a One Health perspective with emphasis on governance, surveillance, capacity building and multi-disciplinary research to achieve a holistic and better integrated system. Using a regulatory framework to equip professionals might facilitate the function of a multi-sector approach that recognizes the value of their mandates and a One Health approach in their work. Collaborative, multisectoral actions under the global regulations and guidance would make evidence-based One Health approaches sustainable and accessible to everyone.

Safety Workplace: The Prevention of Industrial Security Risk Factors

“To earn a living”. The definition of work and our understanding of the workplace have changed in recent years due to the emergence of occupational health and is now a field of study under continuous improvement. Despite the fact that there is a huge amount of information, studies, and guidance about how to improve occupational security, the factors that must be considered in a workplace as real hazards to avoid in order to achieve a truly healthy workplace are always subject to debate. This research contributes to efforts in two important ways. The first goal assesses the information about security risk factors established and mentioned by official international institutions aimed at safety and security science by using the relationship and categorization between the identified risks during work activities performance. The second goal is to establish the necessary requirements to be fulfilled to ensure that a workplace will be considered “healthy and safe”. As a result, it is defined that the lack of ergonomics represents the most critical risk factor in order to reduce the incidence of work-related illness during the design and continuous improvement of a tailored workplace.

Association between Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Health and Different Prosthetic Emergence Angles in Esthetic Areas: Digital Evaluation after 3 Years' Function.

The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess peri-implant soft tissue health for implants restored with different prosthetic emergence profile angles. Patients were treated with implants supporting fixed dentures and were followed for 3 years. Buccal emergence angle (EA) measured at 3 years of follow-up visits (t1) were calculated for two different groups: Group 1 (153 implants) for restorations with angle between implant axis and prosthetic emergence angle from ≥30°, and Group 2 (67 implants) for those with angle ≤30°, respectively. Image J software was used for the measurements. Moreover, peri-implant soft tissue parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were assessed, respectively. A total of 57 patients were included in the analysis and a total of 220 implants were examined. Mean (±SD) EA in Groups 1 and 2 was 46.4 ± 12.2 and 24.5 ± 4.7 degrees, respectively. After 3 years of follow-up, a PPD difference of 0.062 mm (CI95% -0.041 mm; 0.164 mm) was calculated between the two groups and was not statistically significant (p = 0.238). Similar results were found for PI (OR = 0.78, CI95% 0.31; 1.98, p = 0.599). Furthermore, GI scores of 2 and 3 were found for nine implants (5.9%) in Group 1, and for five implants in Group 2 (7.5%). A non-significant difference (p = 0.76) was found. Peri-implant soft-tissue health does not seem to be influenced by EA itself, when a proper emergence profile is provided for implant-supported reconstructions in anterior areas.

Urban form and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Greater London: An urban morphometric approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated a considerable debate in relation to urban density. This is an old debate, originated in mid 19th century’s England with the emergence of public health and urban planning disciplines. While popularly linked, evidence suggests that such relationship cannot be generally assumed. Furthermore, urban density has been investigated in a spatially coarse manner (predominantly at city level) and never contextualised with other descriptors of urban form. In this work, we explore COVID-19 and urban form in Greater London, relating a comprehensive set of morphometric descriptors (including built-up density) to COVID-19 deaths and cases, while controlling for socioeconomic, ethnicity, age and co-morbidity. We describe urban form at individual building level and then aggregate information for official neighbourhoods, allowing for a detailed intra-urban representation. Results show that: (i) control variables significantly explain more variance of both COVID-19 cases and deaths than the morphometric descriptors; (ii) of what the latter can explain, built-up density is indeed the most associated, though inversely. The typical London neighbourhood with high levels of COVID-19 infections and deaths resembles a suburb, featuring a low-density urban fabric dotted by larger free-standing buildings and framed by a poorly inter-connected street network.

Healthcare data analysis by feature extraction and classification using deep learning with cloud based cyber security

The rapid rise of information technology and Internet technology has resulted in the emergence of electronic health records (EHR). This research proposes novel techniques in cyber security prevention-based electronic health records in feature selection as well as classification using DL methods. Here input EHR (electronic health record) data is processed for noise removal as well as removing of null values. This processed data is selected based on their features utilizing kernel based gradient boosting NN architecture integrated with classification using stochastic convolutional neural network. The data security of the network has been enhanced using a Cryptographic cloud based cyber blockchain model. The classification of EHR is analyzed in terms of accuracy of 97%, precision of 93%, recall of 91%, f-measure of 90%, RMSE of 88%. The security of the network is analyzed based on Data Transmission rate of 85%, Time Consumption of 55%, Data Privacy Rate of 95%.

Shaping the global: knowledge, experts, and U.S. universities in the emergence of global health

ABSTRACT The term ‘global health’ has become the dominant way to describe worldwide interventions on health since the 2000s. Despite significant discussions about the meaning of the term, there is still a lack of understanding about how it came to dominate global thinking and the implications of such a shift. This article traces the emergence and diffusion of ‘global health’ as a concept. It focuses particularly on the role of US experts and universities in shaping the ‘global’. It uses a combination of interviews, literature review and archives to trace its apparition in expert discourses and diffusion in universities. It shows that the definition of ‘global health’ came out of and contributed to American dominance in globalization. In addition to bringing a fresh perspective on the origins of global health, the paper contributes to the globalization debates by showing the co-constitution of scientific and political fields in globalization.

Emergence of joint health and safety committees in Algerian companies: an exploratory study

PurposeThe objective of this article is to carry out an exploratory study on the emergence of health and safety committees (HSC) in Algerian companies.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology chosen, governed by the systemic approach, is centered on the exploration of HSC emergence factors in companies.FindingsThe suggested method consists in defining hypotheses found in the literature on the emergence of HSC in order to affirm or refute them in the case of Algerian companies.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the fact that a good number of Algerian industrial companies were solicited; the number of respondents was limited. This limitation confirms the difficulty commonly encountered in exploratory studies by questionnaire.Practical implicationsThe results of this exploratory study serve as a basis for the elaboration of a national action plan dedicated to HSC emergence in Algerian companies.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted in Algerian companies on HSC emergence. The identification of emergence problems allows drawing up an effective action plan to solve them.

Novel Perspectives on Mental Health in the Workplace

Management scholars have called for an increase in research on employees who have mental health challenges at work (Follmer & Follmer, 2021; Follmer & Jones, 2018). Additionally, research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated workplace factors that may hinder employee mental health (e.g., Andel et al., 2021; Caldas et al., 2020). To answer these calls and further expand on our understanding of employee mental health, this symposium brings together a group of scholars who are studying topics related to both common and chronic mental health challenges faced by employees. Specifically, this symposium introduces the following novel perspectives. First, the symposium expands our understanding of how discrimination influences mental health conditions, and it questions assumptions around offering mental health support in the context of racial and gender discrimination. Second, the symposium considers the importance of industry and work characteristics in the emergence of mental health concerns. Last but not least, the symposium introduces novel recommendations for managers, educators, and employees on ways to support employees facing mental health challenges. Workplace Discrimination, Depression, and People of Color: A Longitudinal Study Presenter: Erica M. Johnson; Organizational Behavior Case Western Reserve U. Who’s to Blame? Attributions for Workplace-Induced Mental Strain Presenter: Andrea Freund; Stanford Graduate School of Business Presenter: Margaret A. Neale; Stanford U. What You Don’t Know About Your Dream Job: Mental Health in the Music Industry Presenter: Jessica Francavilla; Washington U. in St. Louis, Olin Business School The Utility of Gatekeeper Training in Business School Curricula to Increase Mental Health Literacy Presenter: Emily Rosado-Solomon; California State U., Long Beach Presenter: Joanne Kasem; California State U., Long Beach Staying Happy while Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Three Brief Interventions Presenter: Mariana Toniolo-Barrios; Simon Fraser U. Presenter: Lieke Laura Ten Brummelhuis; Simon Fraser U.