Civil Emergency Research Articles

The Role of AI in Shaping Our Future: Super-Exponential Growth, Galactic Civilization, and Doom

The present study investigates the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the future trajectory of human civilization. It focuses on topics such as super-exponential growth, the potential emergence of a galactic civilization, and the associated "doom" hazards. A significant advancement in machine intelligence with human-like consciousness, strong artificial intelligence (AI), also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), creates new opportunities and capacities. There's growing anxiety about the risk that weak AI will eventually become strong AI. Every year, new transformer models that are more like human interactions are being created, and we have already witnessed some indications of AGI. It is anticipated that AI will reach a "singularity" and advance on its own without assistance from humans. This thesis explores the theoretical and practical foundations, model building blocks, development processes, challenges, and ethical issues surrounding the creation of Consciousness AI (AGI). This paper examines the meaning of the term "technological singularity," the various types of singularities that have no point of return idea, the philosophical risks associated with the development of AI, and the implications of AI singularity for monetary theory and the new economic order. As a new perspective on the deployment of ethical AI in the face of tremendous technological advancements, the study not only contributes to the theoretical discourse but also explores the possible practical implications of AI on our shared future. Several obstacles to AI advancement are covered in the paper, along with prospective directions for future research.

Pedagogical support of preparation of cadets of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disastersto activity in extreme situations

The article is devoted to the study of pedagogical support for training cadets of higher education institutions of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence using inductive and deductive methods, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters for activities in extreme situations, the main concepts of training cadets for work in extreme conditions, as well as the tasks facing the teaching staff are considered. The conceptual apparatus of pedagogical support for training cadets for activities in extreme situations is considered. Based on the analysis of scientific works on this topic, a number of aspects and trailers are identified that represent the basis for effective training of cadets to solve professional problems. Particular attention is paid to the formation of necessary skills, stress resistance, decision-making in dangerous conditions and the development of significant qualities.

Demand for digital competencies in professional training of the EMERCOM of Russia employees

Nowadays, digital competencies have become a necessary component of professional training for a specialist in any industry, including EMERCOM. Digital technologies and digital tools are important not only in the work of all systems of the EMERCOM of Russia, but also in the process of training specialists of this industry. Digitalization of education in EMERCOM universities, despite the emerging problems and difficulties, continues to expand. The article is devoted to the study of the demand for digital competencies in the professional training of the EMERCOM of Russia employees. For this purpose, a survey across on­campus and correspondence students of The State Fire Academy of the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters was conducted. Based on the results of the survey, a rating of competencies required for an EMERCOM employee was compiled, the analysis of the demand for competencies was carried out, the place of digital competencies among the professional competencies of EMERCOM employees was determined, and the difference in the demand for digital competencies depending on the specialization of students (e. g., fire and rescue service and forensic expertise) was noted. The data obtained in the course of the study indicates the importance and demand for digital competencies in the professional activities of employees of various the EMERCOM of Russia departments, which determines the need to modernize professional training in the context of new means of labor (digital technologies and digital tools).

РАЗВИТИЕ НАУЧНОГО НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ХАРАКТЕРА

Substantiates the strategy for the development of a promising scientific area of activity of the All-Russian research institute for civil defense and emergency situations of EMERCOM of Russia (Federal center for science and high technologies) in the field of preventing the environmental consequences of emergencies, ensuring environmental safety, in terms of the activities of EMERCOM of Russia. The development of a new interdisciplinary field of research into interrelated problems of ensuring the safety of life of the population, the state of human protection from emergencies, monitoring and forecasting their environmentally adverse consequences is becoming particularly relevant in a complex geopolitical situation, the reduction of reserves of uncontaminated natural resources, and the ever-increasing technospheric impact on the natural environment. The novelty of the approaches proposed by the authors lies in a new format for studying the processes of environmental hazard from the standpoint of preventing its occurrence at the stage and in the sources of origin. The purpose of this study was to develop new conceptual approaches, the main activities of a scientific institution in the interdisciplinary subject area of monitoring, forecasting the state of protection of the population, the natural environment, territories from threats of natural and man-made emergencies in terms of preventing dangerous environmental and related consequences. One of the applied tasks of the work was to substantiate the formation of one of the first joint dissertation councils in Russia in the scientific specialty «Environmental safety». According to the authors of the article, the development of scientific research within the framework of the work of the new dissertation council will serve as a powerful impetus to the intensification of research activities in the relevant field of knowledge aimed at ensuring the safety, favorable conditions of Russian citizens, protection and preservation of the natural environment, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.

Civil emergencies: role of the vet in delivering veterinary care in a multi‐agency environment

Civil emergencies: role of the vet in delivering veterinary care in a multi‐agency environment

Fire Experts Certification: Trends, Issues, Proposals

The paper discusses issues related to the certification of forensic fire experts in forensic institutions of the federal fire service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia). Particular attention is given to the staffing and balance of experts who have the right to carry out expert examination under competencies approved by the EMERCOM of Russia. It is shown that in many expert departments there are no experts in most of the fields of forensic fire examination approved by the EMERCOM of Russia. The authors draw attention to the need to unify the specializations of forensic fire examinations with other expert institutions and organizations. The number of specializations in forensic fire examination and the improvement of training of fire experts are discussed. It is proposed to reduce the number of specializations in forensic fire examination approved as the competence requirements for employees of the federal fire service of the EMERCOM of Russia for «Forensic fire examination» specialization. In order to increase the efficiency of forensic expert activities, the authors recommend creating and consistently maintaining a database of forensic fire experts in Russia.

PERIODIZATION OF WORLD FOOD HISTORY (THE PROBLEM STATEMENT)

The article is the first to propose a periodization of the world history of food. The chronological framework covers the period from the emergence of “Homo sapiens” to the present day. Periodization is based not only on the changes in the process of production and preparation of food, but also on a whole complex of phenomena related to food: the order of eating and serving food, taste preferences, cultural and social traditions, place in the historical context and interaction of cultures, national characters and issues of self-identification. This kind of systematization of the “gastronomic” history of mankind allows us to fit it into the general context of world history, to show the place and role of food and food traditions in the history of mankind. The article highlights the following periods, which do not always coincide with the general periodization of history. 1. The primitive period. The emergence and establishment of traditions of cooking and eating (40,000 BC - 10,000 BC) 2. The emergence and establishment of agriculture. The emergence of the first civilizations (10,000 BC - 1,000 BC) 3. Antiquity. Division of peoples based on food (1,000 BC - 5th century) 4. The period of formation of the food systems of the world. 5th century - turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. 5. The period of food globalization. Modern times. The turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. - present time.

Семья в информационной культуре: проблема детско-родительских отношений

The family has been a cornerstone of human society throughout history, serving as the primary institution for raising children, passing down cultural values, and providing emotional support. This article explores the trends and contradictions in the development of family culture and familyhood in the information society of our time. It notes that the intensive development of virtual network communication and the acceleration of the pace of life are factors leading to profound changes in generational identity. The traditional format of the ethical structure of intra-family interaction between adults and children is undergoing significant transformations. The author considers the acquisition by parents and children of autonomous socio-cultural status and meaning to be conditioned by the period of the emergence of an industrial urban civilization. In the information society, there is a diffusion of boundaries between childhood and adulthood, which influences the value perception of the family by the younger generation. The author identifies issues in parent-child relationships that need to be overcome in the further development of the information and digital environment.

Recontextualization of Fiqh Al-Siyāsah from the Perspective of Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah in Realizing World Peace

The objective of this research article is to investigate Nahdlatul Ulama's perspectives on the discourse of Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah, also known as "Fiqh of Civilization," within the context of contextualizing Islamic political thought toward the concept of global peace. Sociological disparities in national and state dynamics, keeping in view the intensity of conflict at the global level, demand the attention of the leaders from all across the world . Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah through the discourse of Fiqh Al-Siyāsah, advocates that the idea of peace contained in the UN charter has a strong basis in Islamic Sharia. All Muslims must campaign peace as a form of adherence to the Sharia. Therefore, the notions in classical Fiqh Al-Siyāsah must be interpreted and recontextualized as theyaim to straighten the view that politics in Islam is an intermediary for realizing prosperity through peace. This study used an annotated bibliography and descriptive qualitative method, while data was collected by using the desk research method. The approaches used included the textual-contextual approach, sociological approach to Islamic law, and critical theory. The results showed that Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah can be used to recontextualize Fiqh Al-Siyāsah in an ideal direction according to the needs and demands of the contemporary times. Similarly, Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah can present Islamic thought as a solution to establish peace and allow the emergence of a better civilization in the future.

Operations In Critical Waiting Processes

This paper offers an alternative approach to the essential matter of the factors involved in the process of waiting, especially in critical contexts such as civil emergencies. Some categories for the analysis of waiting are developed here, taking an alternative theoretical perspective, where waiting processes are conceived of as operational and institutionalised in nature, rather than mere temporal phenomena. Importantly, this paper contributes to research in the field of anthropology studying processes of waiting, as it presents a unique perspective of analysis. This perspective shifts the focus of these processes from temporalities to institutions and highlights the essential importance of operations in their analysis. In order to exemplify the proposed perspective, empirical waiting processes in crisis will be analysed. These examples of critical waiting have been selected with consideration to their historical, political or social impact. The demand for operational behaviour among the people waiting has also been considered in these examples. These processes will be analysed using categories established from an institutional and operational approach based on the materialistic philosophical approach of the Spanish philosopher Gustavo Bueno Martinez, sometimes called Discontinuous Materialism.

Modeling of stakeholder influence on effectiveness of team decisions in the digital network space of crisis management centres of the EMERCOM of Russia

The article deals with issues related to modeling of stakeholder influence on effectiveness (sustainability) of teamwork in crisis management centres (hereinafter referred to as CMC) of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (hereinafter referred to as EMERCOM of Russia) while analysing, forecasting development and resolving/reducing conflictness of social emergencies (hereinafter referred to as SE). The problem is considered from the perspective of using a nonlinear approach in modeling in the form of the Verhulst equation which allows to analyse complex social processes. The influence of different stakeholder groups is modeled at different values of the “a” parameter of its intensity– weak, medium, strong. The article presents the results of practical research on assessing the influence of stakeholders, primarily the external ones, on effectiveness (sustainability) of the CMC teamwork in the analysis, forecast of development, and resolution/reduction of conflictness of SE. The definition of SE is given as an attractor that has emerged due to unresolved social contradictions which have caused an imbalance in public relations. The work of the CMC teams is conducted in the digital network environment of the centres, and it introduces certain specifics into its activities. The research shows the general scheme of the stakeholder approach implementation in team management in the analysis, forecast of development and resolution/reduction of conflictness of SE. The author presents the results of the nonlinear modeling of effectiveness (sustainability) of the CMC teamwork, depending on the intensity of stakeholder influence on decisions made by the team. A system of indicators characterising the regression model of the “a” coefficient of stakeholder influence is proposed, the specific values of which can be measured during field research. Three modes (three types of attractors) of teamwork are investigated. The key objective of the study is to create prerequisites for the formation of a digital twin of the CMC teamwork of the EMERCOM of Russia in SE.

Optimization of the EU and Czech Security System in the Field Of Effectiveness of the Risk Management and Protection System For Security Practices

Risk management and Population protection in the Czech Republic is based on a long tradition and knowledge from dealing with emergencies and crisis situations. However, it appears that there is a need to continuously improve this area of state security policy on the basis of practical experience and deeper analyses. The possibility of optimizing the basic areas of security systems is the subject of security research by a number of Czech authorities and organizations, where the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic and its educational institution, the Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague (hereinafter referred to as "PA"), play an important role. At this University focused not only on police topic, but also on the protection of the population and economy, public administration security and civil emergency planning, a number of research activities have been carried out, which are also used in this proposal for the optimization of security systems in the Czech Republic and partly in the EU.

Risk management of emergency situations caused by flooding of built‐up mountain areas

The purpose of this research work is to develop scientific approaches to solving the problem of increasing the sustainability of urbanised territories through flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The development of a management solution for flexible regulation is carried out on the basis of the application of methods for solving problems of incorrectness.Materials for the study were data from the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes, systematised, among other matters, based on the results of monitoring natural emergencies at the Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the application of a set of methods, including methods of: system analysis, forecasting, numerical modeling, followed by the development of an optimal management solution of emergency situations at the municipal level.As a result of the numerical modeling carried out in the work, the variants of drainage systems and their operating mode are determined within the framework of the implementation of the proposed approach in the simulation mode. This makes it possible to increase the level o f environmental safety of historically developed built‐up areas, including mountainous ones.The article presents a new approach to managing the risk of emergencies in case of flooding of buildings and structures in built‐up mountainous territories, including historical territories. In such territories, the watered soil preserves the cultural layer, which determines the need for flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The results of the study are used in carrying out research work of the State Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GOChS) on the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes and their impact on the environment, life safety, stability of the functioning of economic facilities, monitoring and forecasting of natural emergencies.

The Role of Institutions in the Civilization Schism (the Case of Christianity)

The geopolitical transformations of recent decades have added to the topicality of the study оf civilizational differences between the East and the West relevant. Religion is often cited as a contributing factor to these differences. This can be confirmed by the example of the split of the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches and, as a consequence, the emergence of the Western and the Eastern Christian civilizations. As a rule, the authors “isolate” religion from the social system, considering it independently of all other spheres, as the primary factor that triggers the emergence of civilization. In this work, the emergence of a new Western and Eastern Christian, is considered within the framework of the institutional approach, as a process of formation of a certain complex institutional structure that regulates the life of society and consists of a whole complex of interconnected and interdependent economic, political, and socio-cultural institutions, including religion. This process can begin in the bowels of the “mother” civilization, causing its crisis. The stages of development and resolution of such a crisis are analyzed using the example of a split in the united Christian world using a matrix approach. This approach assumes that civilization is characterized by a civilizational matrix formed by an institutional core that simultaneously contains market and redistributive institutions on the basis of dominance/complementarity, and a shell that includes cultural-religious and national-demographic characteristics, the naturalclimatic and material-technological environment. The necessity of both strengthening dominant institutions in the institutional core and creating balancers (complementary institutions) for the sustainable development of civilization is shown.

Polymorphic Loci of Xenobiotic Biotransformation Genes in Accumulated Mercury Pollution Liquidators and in Workers with Chronic Mercury Vapors Exposure.

The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphic loci CYP1A1 (rs1048943), GSTP1 (rs1695 and rs1138272), GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes were studied in 517 men: in 389 accumulated mercury pollution liquidators (207 firefighters of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters and 182 employees of the Federal Environmental Operator) and 128 former workers (82 patients in the delayed period of chronic mercury intoxication and 46 individuals contacted with mercury and had no chronic mercury intoxication). We found differences in the frequencies of AA and AG genotypes in groups of former workers (χ2=6.96, p=0.008) for the polymorphic locus rs1048943, while the AG-CYP1A1 genotype was characterized by a 5.5-fold decrease in the odds ratio for the development of chronic mercury intoxication (OR=0.18, p=0.0041). An unfavorable combination of genotypes of the studied polymorphic loci increases the risk of undesirable health effects.

THE EXISTENCE OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION WITH COMPELLING URGENCY BASED ON THE FORMULA OF THE ARTICLE OF THE 1945 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

<span lang="EN-US">The meaning of a state of emergency with a compelling urgency is very dependent on the meaning of the President's interpretation, because the President has the authority to determine when something is considered a state of emergency and when something is considered a state of urgency which causes this situation to create no legal certainty in determining a state of emergency or urgency coercive because everything really depends on the interpretation of the authority taken by a President based on his own legal interpretation because the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia gives this authority to the President, while the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia does not provide clear boundaries as to what is the definition of a state of emergency with a coercive urgency. This Research used Qualitative research methods. Qualitative research methods using normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches using primary data and secondary data. The result shows that State of emergency includes war emergency, military emergency and civil emergency which are based on situations that have actually occurred or are objective while for compelling emergencies based on the subjective circumstances of the president, with the standards set out in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 138/PUU-VII/2009. Determination of a state of danger which is the implementation of Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia from 1946-2018 is contained in 12 laws and the urgency that compels the implementation of Article 22 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia from 1960-2020 is contained in 134 Perppu issued by the President.</span>

A STUDY OF THE ARTISTIC TRADITION OF ELEGANT TOYS OF INDUS VALLY CIVILIZATION

In ancient time the main purpose of sports was to attain entertainment whether they being peaceful domestic games or wild games. Beside entertainment games were also a medium of mutual interaction and lead to stress free life. According to Macdaugal “Games and Sports are important for the Security, development and growth of the individual”. Games and Sports is an integral part of our culture through which man has been strengthening the social relations. Games and Sports have been a means of physical, mental as well as cultural development. Through sports the culture and knowledge have been imparted to the future generations. The Games and Sports have been accepted all over the world as the best medium for physical strength and mental development.If we look at the history of the origin of the sports, we found it remains from prehistoric times. According to some written documents, it started with the emergence of great civilizations lie Greece, Egypt, and Indus Valley. Reference to sports in India is also mention in Vedas and various Literatures. In 1921-22 AD two important cities of Indus Valley Harappa and Mohanjo-daro was discovered by John Marshall, this civilization was the center of Art and Culture. Archeological excavations at Harappa and Mohanjo-daro show that people were involved in some kind of physical activity. The people used to play many types of games using stones, balls, and dice. Various types of toys have been found in the excavation which were made of copper, ivory, and baked clay. Some of the toys were extremely skillfully made and decorated. The toys and Statues of Indus Valley were made by the pinching method in clay in which the clay is pressed by hands to give its perfect shape and then strengthen by baking in furnace. The interest of Indus People towards sports is known from these artistic remains also the skill on the artist who creates these toys which reflect the social perspective and mental outlook of that time. All these craft indicative the importance of games and sports and imagination of the artist

The History of the Emergence of Islamic Institutions: Between Authenticity and Modernity

The development of administrative thought and its applications has been linked since the beginning of creation to man's need for food, drink, shelter, protection from the vagaries of nature, and defense of himself. Since people have lived in groups since ancient times, administration has been important in human life, and the administrative process has been the criterion that differentiates between what is known as organized societies and those that live a jungle life. The history of humanity confirms to us the importance of management in the emergence of human civilization and the progress it has achieved, and thus it is linked to successive human civilizations. Therefore, the emergence and development of administration from ancient times until modern history will be reviewed here, through three stages: the first is the period before Christ, the second is the period after Christ, and the last is the period of contemporary history.

The Impact of Needle Evolution on Embroidery Focus on the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods

Different needs and techniques have led to the creation of different tools that act as a bridge between the objects to be processed and the objects to be used, and these tools have influenced the emergence and development of traditional craft civilizations. It is important to note that these tools were created based on specific times and conditions. Taking embroidery needles as a starting point, this paper examines the influence of needle evolution on the progress of needlework during the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States periods (475- 221 BC), analyzing excavated objects and documentary records and emphasizing the interplay between tools and techniques. The evolution of needle materials, structures and sizes reflects the law of change in response to time, linked not only to the development of productive forces but also to complex and profound social changes.

Ioannis Chrysospathis, theodoros Garofalidis and Georgios Hartofilakidis: The pioneers of orthopaedics in Greece

The aim of the present paper was to highlight the work of Chrysospathis, Garofalidis and Chartofylakidis, who dedicated themselves to the emergence of orthopaedics as an independent branch of medical science in modern Greece. The ancient Greek physicians Hippocrates, Galen and Paulus of Aegina laid the foundations for the emergence of orthopaedics and ancient Greek civilisation undoubtedly played a significant role in the evolution of this medical art throughout the following centuries. In modern Greece, Ioannis Chrysospathis fought for orthopaedics to be a separate medical branch rather than a practice within the context of general surgery. Theodoros Garofalidis also contributed to the evolution of orthopaedics in Greece, while Georgios Hartofilakidis brought pioneer knowledge to the Greek area, contributed to the creation of specialised orthopaedic departments and internationally contributed to the study of hip diseases and the art of total hip arthroplasty.