Growth Of Field Research Articles

Efficacy of Botanicals on Seed Quality Enhancement in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] on Yield and Yield Attributes

The field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi of Kerala Agricultural University with the objective to understand the effect of seed treatment using different organic leaf extracts on the growth and yield of cowpea. The experimental design was used for the layout of the design in Randomized Block Design, with three replications and nine treatments. The experiment was conducted with 9 treatments viz., the 5% leaf extracts of Calotropis (T1), Pappaya (T2), Pongamia (T3), Castor (T4), Moringa (T5), Vitex (T6), Neem (T7), Tulsi (T8), Control with distilled water (T9). Different field observations revealed that the seed hardening significantly influenced the seed yield and yield contributing characters of cowpea. The highest yield was recorded due to seed hardening treatment with Pongamia 5% leaf extract (T3) for 4 hrs followed by Calotropis 5% leaf extract (T1) for 4 hrs. All the seed hardening treatments had significant effects on yield contributing characters like plant height at maturity, number of branches(primary and secondary) per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plot(kg/ha) and dry matter production at harvest. The nodule count at flowering and total chlorophyll content at maturity were also found to be significantly different among the treatments. The seeds hardened with Pongamia leaf extract (5%) (T3) for 4 hrs recorded higher field emergence with maximum grain yield (716 Kg/ha), plant height at maturity (145.07 cm), number of primary branches per plant (3.60), seed yield per plant (g) (13.69 g), and seed yield (716 kg/ha) followed by Calotropis leaf extract (5%) (T1) for 4 hrs with a seed yield of 694 kg/ha.

Novel approach to assess seed viability and vigour in Soybean genotypes through Q2 scanning technology

The objective of the study was to establish relationship between seed germination and vigour parameters with an intension to predict the planting value of seed lots of soybean. The variation among genotypes was assessed for quality parameters. Different seed lots of variety JS 335 were analysed for seed quality in Q2 scanner. The vigour parameters estimated through Q2 scanning and conventional methods corresponded with each other. The correlation and regression analysis among germination and vigour parameters were worked out, which indicated significant values with respect to final count of germination and field emergence.

A NEW FIELD EMERGENCE TRAP FOR SAMPLING INSECTS FROM PRECISE AREAS OF LOGS

A new emergence trap was fabricated for collecting saproxylic insects from precise areas of dead and fallen trees. The trap works on the principle of all emergence traps, i.e., organisms emerging from a substrate get attracted towards light, where they encounter a transparent surface and get collected in a collecting tube with preservative fluid. It is one of the most objective methods for sampling saproxylic insects as they emerge from wood substrata. Using many replicates of this trap, the entire heterogeneity of a substratum like dead wood can be easily covered. The trap can provide a higher definition of the sampling area and be used for studying assemblages of saproxylic insects. It is almost cost-effective and user-friendly under field conditions, on logs and snags, and even on live trees. In this study, 102 such field emergence traps were deployed in a conserved area, and 59 species of saproxylic insects belonging to 5 functional groups were collected during a brief sampling period of 3 months. Extensive sampling trials using such traps in more numbers for extended periods can provide insights into species? diversity and host preferences.. KEYWORDS :Emergence Trap, Insect Diversity, Insect Sampling, Saproxylic Insects, Xylophagous Insects

The relationship between seed vigor tests and field emergence of wheat lots

The relationship between seed vigor tests and field emergence of wheat lots

Ethical and Regulatory Gaps in Aesthetic Medical Practice in Top Asian Medical Tourism Destinations.

Aesthetic medicine merges art and medical sciences, focusing on the modification and enhancement of physical appearance through surgical and non-surgical procedures. While it is not globally recognized as a medical specialty, aesthetic medicine has become a cornerstone of medical tourism in several Asian countries, including India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. Despite its popularity, there is notable gap in literature concerning its ethical and regulatory perspective. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing regulations and ethical considerations in aesthetic medicine within the context of the selected Asian countries. Given the field's growth and its potential impact on both domestic and international health practices, this study is significant for healthcare providers, policymakers, and consumers alike. By identifying areas for improvement in current regulatory frameworks, the paper advocates for further examination to ensure that stakeholder rights and well-being are adequately protected.

Firefighting Stations Allocation Model for the State of Kuwait

The objective is to determine the best re-allocations of the stations to easily reach the accident location with both the least cost and time possible, with the best firefighting effective required facilities. This objective required dividing the six governorates into 133 areas served in 6 minutes efficient response time. The final findings of this study were 30 reallocated stations, which managed effectively to cover all 133 required areas. This has been shown on included maps of the six governorates. The goal linear programming model idea was not discussed in the emergency field research of the “State of Kuwait,” specifically in the firefighting emergency service. Moreover, this modeling can be expanded to cover all other types of emergency service topics such as health, paramedics, and police stations.

Germination, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) Seeds as Affected by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma has been utilized as a sustainable technology to enhance seed germination in various plant species. The objective of this research was to identify the mechanism of physicochemical properties and antioxidant enzyme activities to promote kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) seed germination using different durations of DBD plasma treatments. Seeds were exposed to atmospheric DBD plasma from 5 to 20 min, compared to non-treated seeds as the control. According to SEM images, the seed surface had cracks and grew wider as a result of the prolonged DBD plasma treatments. A longer DBD plasma treatment exhibited a lower water contact angle and increased water absorption. DBD plasma treatments strongly improved germination percentages and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Seeds treated with DBD plasma for 20 min showed the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest field emergence. Catalase (CAT) activity increased under DBD plasma treatments for 5 and 10 min. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were not statistically different among the treatments. This finding suggested that DBD plasma treatments stimulated the germination of kangkong seeds by modifying the seed surface, and upregulating H2O2 content and CAT activity. Five minutes was an appropriate time to treat DBD plasma.

Influence of Organic Seaweed Pelleting on Seed Quality Parameters of Onion Seeds

Aim: Small and irregular seed shapes make precision sowing difficult. Seed pelleting, which helps to make seed handling easier during sowing, is converting such seeds into bold, spherical shapes with a smooth surface. Seaweeds are a rich source of nutrients that promote growth, such as IAA, kinetin, zeatin, and gibberellins; auxins and cytokinins; metabolic enhancers; macro and micro elements; amino acids; and vitamins. Their use in crop plants has been shown to have positive effects, including early seed germination and establishment, improved crop performance and yield, increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and increased seed shelf life (Bluden).
 Study Design: The experiment was undertaken with three replications in a completely randomized block design. Eight treatmental combinations were used in this study. Statistical analysis was carried out by AGRES software. The Critical Differences (CD) was calculated at 5 per cent probability level.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agriculture College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, during the period of December 2020 and November 2021.
 Methodology: Organic seaweed pellet combinations can be successfully implemented to provide improved field emergence, crop establishment and production. Seeds were pelleted with different mixtures of Sargassum sp., Kappaphycus sp., Bacillus subtilis and Talc powder.
 Results: The results exposed that between the treatments seed pelleting with combination of T7- Sargassum sp + Kappaphycus sp + Bacillus subtilis+ Talc powder was found to be more efficient in comparison with other combinations.
 Conclusion: Pelleting with, Kappaphycus sp, Bacillus subtilis and Talc powder was found to be better in all aspects of seed quality and biochemical parameters.

Spatio-temporal diversification pattern of Brinckia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Namib coastal belt

Beetles of the family Tenebrionidae, particularly those of the subfamily Pimeliinae, are highly diverse and abundant in desert ecosystems. The sensitivity of the many wingless species to geographical and ecological isolation makes them ideal candidates for studying effects of climatological and/or geophysical changes on organismal diversity. Our study focuses on Brinckia, the only genus of the subtribe Hypomelina adapted to coastal sand dune hummocks (nabkhas) and restricted to that environment along the Namib Desert and the transitional Namib south of the Orange River. Today, Brinckia appear to be common along the coast, albeit with different species, wherever the absence of shifting sand dunes enables the beach hummocks to form, mainly around Salsola and Zygophyllum species. Therefore, past diversification can probably be directly attributed to temporary extinctions of this habitat in certain coastal regions. The presumed center of origin and diversification of Brinckia is on the Gariep Karoo coastline between Port Nolloth and Lüderitz. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that the first split within Brinckia occurred ∼2.3 Ma, i.e., relatively recently, and may be associated with aridification that occurred at that time due to global climate change. However, subsequent speciation is more likely the result of the emergence of extensive dune fields, which may have been responsible for temporary habitat degradation in the supralittoral zone. More recent, recurrent and ongoing diversification since the mid-Pleistocene transition, as observed for tenebrionids along the coast of the Atacama and Peruvian deserts, is not typical of Brinckia and supports the stability of their coastal habitat despite glacial climate oscillations.

Optimization of Seed Priming Techniques for Seed Enhancement in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

Seed invigoration treatments are crucial for enhancing germination and seedling growth, particularly under adverse environmental conditions. Various techniques, such as hydropriming, seed hardening, osmopriming, and pre-sowing dry heat treatments have been proved to improve seed quality. Sunflower is an important oilseed crop, however, its area is now confined to specific niches and therefore any efforts to increase its production and bring back its glory are highly welcome. Sunflower crop is highly susceptible to environmental stresses further limiting its cultivation. Hence identification and standardization of suitable techniques to improve the germination capacity and planting value of sunflower especially under stress conditions is the need of the hour. The present study is taken up in aged and fresh seeds of two sunflower hybrids viz., DRSH-1 and GK-2002 to standardize hydropriming, thermo priming and pre-chilling treatments so as to the enhance planting value when sown under sub optimal conditions. It was found that hydropriming for 16 hrs, thermopriming for 6hrs at 35oC and pre chilling for 7 days at 10oC showed highest improvement in the seed quality parameters like germination percentage, seedling vigour indices I and II, field emergence and speed of germination. These findings offer promising avenues for improving seed quality and viability in sunflower.

Exploring the Resilience of Natural Disasters: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis

The study's objective is to provide an outline of disaster resilience through bibliometric methods. The study delves into the disaster resilience literature spanning the last 20 years to gain a more profound understanding of the related literature. 
 A bibliometric analysis of 10 top journals with the most literature using the keyword disaster resilience was conducted, resulting in 1561 articles. The bibliometric network was also visualized using the VOSviewer software tool. 
 This study shows that disaster resilience has recently had a significant increase in research activity. Additionally, the study found that the Covid-19 epidemic increased the number of resilience research published between 2020 and 2022. The theoretical framework of the authors was scrutinized, identifying 12 keyword clusters, with the primary focus areas being disaster types, numerical analysis, disaster management, and community and social perspectives. Scholars emphasized resilience, risk reduction, vulnerability reduction, climate change, and disaster management in the literature. This study highlights the current state of disaster resilience research while forecasting the field's future growth and development.

Assessing the Potential Seed Vigor of Rice Varieties

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a fundamental staple crop, feeding billions and sustaining livelihoods worldwide. Amid the global food security context, rice holds a pivotal role, demanding increased efficiency and productivity to meet the dietary demands of a growing global population. Emphasizing seed quality and vigor is crucial in achieving these goals. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) responds to the dynamic agro-climatic conditions by introducing rice varieties tailored to Tamil Nadu's unique agricultural landscape. This research paper examines the seed vigor of TNAU released rice varieties within the seed chain. The study was conducted in a completely randomised design, the study assessed seed vigor in terms of radicle emergence time, mean germination time, germination percentage, speed of emergence, shoot length, root length, days to first count, days to final count, vigour index – I, vigour Index – II, electrical conductivity, and field emergence. Seed vigor also impacts storage potential. This study results shows that the rice varieties were categorized into three groups based on seed vigor. Twelve exhibited high seed vigor potential including ADT 51, CO52, TRY 1, TRY3, TKM13, ADT39, ADT 54, BHAVANI, ASD16, ADT37, ADT43, and ADT 53. Six showed medium potential including CO 53, ASD 19, IW Ponni, TKM 9, ADT 42, and ADT 45. Eight had low seed vigor potential including CO 50, ADT 52, TPS5, VGD 1, ADT 38, ADT 46, CO 51, and MDU 6. These classifications aid informed seed management and cultivation decisions, highlighting the suitability of high-vigor varieties for direct seeding and improved agricultural productivity.

Influence of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Botanical and Organics on Yield Attributing Traits and Seedling Parameters of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L) Variety: RGC1066

The current global scenario firmly emphasizes the need to enhance eco-friendly agriculture practices for sustainable agriculture. Chemical agriculture has made an adverse impact of the health care of not only soil but also the beneficial soil microbial communities and the plants cultivated in these soil. This eventually has led to a high demand of botanical and organic produce by the present day health conscious society and periodic attempts are being made by farmers all over the world to depollute. Application of heavy doses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used by the farmers to get a better yield of various agricultural crops. These chemical fertilizers and pesticides decrease soil fertility and cause health problems to the consumers. The new approaches to the use of botanical and organic amendments in farming have proven to be effective means of improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility and increasing crop yields. Botanical and organics play vital roles in increasing soil fertility and increasing yield. The study was designed to check the response of botanical and organics on yield and seedling quality parameters such as field emergence percent, plant height (30, 60, 90 DAS), days to 50% flowering, number branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, days to maturity, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, harvest index, germination percentage, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, seedling growth rate, root: shoot ratio, seed metabolic efficiency, mobilization efficiency, vigour index-I, vigour index-II, electrical conductivity. For this experiment the seeds of RGC1066 variety collected from department of genetics and plant breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during 2021-2022, to find out the influence of pre-sowing seed treatments with botanical and organics, seeds treated with panchagavya, beejamruth, jeevamruth, neem leaf extract and vermiwash at different concentrations viz 2, 3, 5, and 10% for 12hours along with control (no treatment). It is found that all treatments showed improved performance than untreated seeds, but it was observed that seeds treated with panchagavya@10% for 12 hours performed better in comparison to other treatments. This study can be helpful to reach new horizons of research in the field of sustainable agriculture, natural resource conservation and seed technology to overcome the germination problem and improve crop growth and yield eventually.

Influence of Seed Storage and Priming on Naturally Aged Seeds of Aromatic Joha Rice

Joha is a fine grain aromatic rice of Assam, well known in the world market. This rice is protected and tagged as a geographical indication. This study evaluated priming effects on naturally aged seeds of two varieties, Kon Joha and Keteki Joha, after 0, 3, 6 and nine months of storage under ambient conditions. Seeds were hydro-primed, osmo-primed with 5% and 10% PEG, halo primed with 1% and 2% KCl and primed with 5 ppm and 10 ppm GA3 for 12 and 24 hours. Seed moisture percentage, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, seedling length and dry weight, seed vigour index, field emergence, seed reserve utilization rate, seed reserve use efficiency, seed reserve depletion percentage, and biochemical parameters like electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation and α-amylase were observed. Seed quality was gradually deteriorating due to ageing over the storage period. The rate of deterioration was faster for seedling vigour traits than germination parameters. There was a varietal difference in the rate of deterioration; it was slower in Kon Joha, an indigenous variety which also showed dormancy. The priming treatments were able to ameliorate the effect of seed ageing on seed germination, seedling growth and biochemical parameters in Kon Joha. Treatments with 1% KCl, 10 ppm GA3 and 5% PEG enhanced the germination parameters and vigour indicators. KCl (1%) priming was the best priming agent; 24 hours of priming for all agents was better than 12 hours.

The Hospitalist Movement 25 Years Later.

Hospitalists are generalists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients. In the 25 years since the term hospitalist was coined, the field of hospital medicine has grown exponentially and established a substantial footprint in the medical community. There are now more hospitalists than practicing physicians in any other internal medicine subspecialty. Several key forces catalyzed the growth in the field of hospital medicine, including the quality, safety, and value movements; residency duty hour restrictions; the emergence of electronic health records; and the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking ahead, we see new opportunities in the realms of technology and telemedicine, and challenges persist in regard to balancing financial considerations with increasing workload and burnout. Hospitalists must remain nimble and seize emerging opportunities to continue supporting the field's prominence and growth.

Environmental stability and genetic effect of soybeans differing in mutant allele combinations between rs and mips1 genes for soluble carbohydrate profiles

AbstractRaffinose and stachyose (raffinose family oligosaccharides [RFOs]) in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are anti‐nutritional carbohydrate components. Previous studies identified mutant alleles of raffinose synthase (rs) 2 and 3 and d‐myo‐inositol‐3‐phosphate synthase 1 (mips1) to increase sucrose and reduce RFOs content. Although earlier studies investigated the effects of rs2 and rs3 mutations, a mips1 mutation has not been tested yet. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the genetic effects and environmental stabilities of rs2, rs3, and mips1 mutations across 18 environments and (2) to evaluate germination rates of genotypes carrying these mutations. Sucrose was significantly affected by all environmental factors (year, location, and planting dates). However, raffinose was not affected by planting dates, and stachyose was only affected by location. The rs2 mutant allele (rs2W331‐) and mips1 showed the highest environmental stability for sucrose and raffinose, respectively. For stachyose, the wild‐type check showed the highest environmental stability. The lines with mips1 mutation showed significantly higher sucrose (11.1%) and lower raffinose (0.5%) and stachyose (0.6%) content than other genotypes across environments. The lines tested in field emergence tests showed no significant difference from the check. Lines with mips1 and rs2W331‐, respectively, showed significantly higher germination rates than the check in the accelerated aging test. In contrast, a line with mips1 showed a significantly higher germination rate than the check in the standard germination test. Desirable carbohydrate allele combinations will facilitate the development of new cultivars with modified carbohydrate profiles that are beneficial to human food and animal feed.

Radicle Emergence Test Standardization to Forecast Field Emergence and Seed Vigour in Hordeum vulgare L.

A study was conducted to discover the use of RE single counts in testing vigour and predicting seedling establishment in seed lots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We compared the RE counts at 20 °C at intervals of 16, 24 and 40 h and also at 15 °C for 24 h, with electrical conductivity (EC), germination percentage (GP), field emergence (FE), and mean germination time (MGT), using 8 seed lots of barley. Radicle emergence counts at 15 °C for 24 h and at 20 °C for 16, 24 and 40 h showed a high correlation with two parameters of seed vigour (MGT and FE), and their correlation coefficients were greater than 0.70 (p < 0.05). Usable correlation coefficients were realized after 24 h both at 15 °C and 20 °C. The results of the test showed that RE single counts are useful in testing vigour in barley seeds. The results also proved that single counts of radical emergence (RE), were useful in indicating the potential of emergence in barley seedlings.

Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Dalam Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium ascolanicum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit

Research in the form of a field experiment on "The Effect of Soaking Time of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Seeds in Shallot Extract (Allium ascolanicum L.) on Seedling Growth. It has been carried out in the form of a field experiment that has been carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah West Sumatra, Tanjung Gadang Koto Nan Ampek Village, West Payakumbuh District, Payakumbuh City, with Inceptisol soil type, and has an altitude of ± 514 meters above sea level, this experiment was carried out in starting from June 2023 to July 2023. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, in each treatment there were 4 plants and 2 were sample plants. Treatment of papaya seeds soaked in water for 1 hour, papaya seeds soaked in shallot extract for 2 hours, papaya seeds soaked in shallot extract for 3 hours, papaya seeds soaked in shallot extract for 4 hours, papaya seeds soaked in shallot extract for 5 hours. Observational data on papaya seedlings were averaged and statistically analyzed using the F test. Parameters observed in this study were field emergence (days), seedling height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf length (cm), width leaves (cm), stem diameter (cm), growing percentage (%). From the results of this experiment it can be concluded that due to long soaking of papaya seeds in shallot extract it has not been able to have a significant effect on the growth of papaya seedlings aged 45 HST.

Forensic entomology as an advanced tool in crime investigation

The use of research on insects and other arthropods in court proceedings is known as forensic entomology. When forensic insects are discovered on a human body or at the crime scenes, their biodiversity, biology, ecology, and behavior can reveal details about the period since death and occasionally even the reason of the death. The forensic insects have been utilized in criminal investigations from decades, they have only recently become a very well-known and separate field in forensic investigations. Knowledge of local insect assemblages and population dynamics is crucial in medico-legal entomology for a successful criminal investigation when monitoring and analyzing insects on a corpse. Forensic entomology comprises three subspecialties, namely urban, stored goods, and medico-legal. The insects that colonize corpses provide valuable insights into the decomposition process. In cases where traditional methods for determining the time since death are limited, Calliphoridae, a family of flies, provides crucial evidence. Two well-established approaches for estimating the post-mortem interval rely on the development of maggots and the succession patterns of insect species. Forensic entomology has gained significant popularity among criminal investigators and forensic entomologists, leading to the emergence of various related fields.

Effect of seed pelleting on yield and storage quality in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

The current investigation on the effect of seed pelleting on germination, plant establishment and seed yield in fennel was carried out in two seasons during Rabi 2017 and 2018. The experiment consisted of 17 seed pelleting treatments along with the control. Field emergence (93.1 %), umbels per plant (26.61) and seed yield (1376 kg ha-1) were highest in seeds pelleted with Lignite +Azospirillum and higher number of seeds per plant (397) was obtained in Lignite+Gum Arabic, whereas, days to 50 % field emergence, plant height and test weight showed non-significant differences among the treatments. Lignite + gum Arabic pelleting recorded maximum seed germination (65 %) at the end of six months storage period. In general, seeds pelleted with Lignite and coated with Azospirillum showed better performance both in terms of yield and storability.