Growth Of Field Research Articles

ERIMS assessment Tool Enhances Emergency Response in WHO Europe Region

Abstract Issue/problem The implementation of an Emergency Response Information Management System (ERIMS) assessment tool improves health emergency responses within the World Health Organization - European Region. The tool’s deployment aims to refine data management processes and bolster preparedness strategies. Managing health information systems (HIS) effectively during emergencies is a persistent challenge, as technologies keep innovating and potential challenges are constant. The ERIMS assessment tool addresses this by offering a structured approach, ensuring improved emergency responses and system resilience. Description of the problem Adopting a systems approach, the ERIMS tool was designed to be flexible, allowing adaptation to various HIS architectures and emergency coordination mechanisms. Its design and development process included consultations with digital health and emergency management experts and field testing across three WHO member states. Results Field applications of the ERIMS assessment tool demonstrated its capacity to evaluate, including, digital capability and knowledge management with focus on emergency scenarios. The tool identified systemic gaps, offered strategic guidance on enhancing data processes, and fortified decision-making protocols. These outcomes not only highlighted the tool’s utility in assessing HIS readiness but also its impact in improving emergency response mechanisms. Lessons The deployment of the ERIMS assessment tool enhanced HIS by providing an evaluation of emergency preparedness and response capabilities with a focus at the national perspective level. The tool’s application showcased its role in advancing public health emergency preparedness, illustrating how assessments can lead to substantial improvements in health information management and emergency response readiness. Key messages • ERIMS assessment implementation improves emergency data management. • Better preparedness relies on boosting digital capabilities and knowledge management.

Evaluation of Field Performance of Groundnut Varieties through Different Vigour Tests

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the field performance of groundnut varieties through different vigour tests during Rabi, 2023-24 at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh. The experimental material consisted of 10 groundnut varieties Narayani, Dharani, Dheeraj, TCGS-1694, Nithya Haritha, Kadiri-9, Kadiri-6, Kadiri Amaravathi, Kadiri-1812 and TAG-24 collected from different sources. In the preliminary experiment seed multiplication was done and the multiplied seed was used for conducting six vigour tests namely Germination test, speed of germination test, Seedling vigour index-Ⅰ, Seedling vigour index-Ⅱ, Accelerated ageing test, Electrical conductivity test in the laboratory using Completely Randomised Design with four replications. The multiplied seed was used for evaluating field performance using Randomised block design with three replications. Significant differences were found among the varieties based on vigour levels. Results with respect to field experiment showed that growth parameters i.e. field emergence percentage, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plot, plant height, shelling percentage, 100 seed weight and harvest index varied significantly among different varieties based on different vigour levels. Varieties with higher vigour had shown higher field emergence percentage. Among the ten varieties Kadiri-6 had shown highest field emergence percentage. Significant correlation was observed among laboratory and field experiments. Vigorous varieties were able to perform better in terms of some of the field parameters and among all the vigour tests performed speed of germination test had high correlation with field emergence.

Unmanned Ground Vehicles for Continuous Crop Monitoring in Agriculture: Assessing the Readiness of Current ICT Technology

Continuous crop monitoring enables the early detection of field emergencies such as pests, diseases, and nutritional deficits, allowing for less invasive interventions and yielding economic, environmental, and health benefits. The work organization of modern agriculture, however, is not compatible with continuous human monitoring. ICT can facilitate this process using autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) to navigate crops, detect issues, georeference them, and report to human experts in real time. This review evaluates the current state of ICT technology to determine if it supports autonomous, continuous crop monitoring. The focus is on shifting from traditional cloud-based approaches, where data are sent to remote computers for deferred processing, to a hybrid design emphasizing edge computing for real-time analysis in the field. Key aspects considered include algorithms for in-field navigation, AIoT models for detecting agricultural emergencies, and advanced edge devices that are capable of managing sensors, collecting data, performing real-time deep learning inference, ensuring precise mapping and navigation, and sending alert reports with minimal human intervention. State-of-the-art research and development in this field suggest that general, not necessarily crop-specific, prototypes of fully autonomous UGVs for continuous monitoring are now at hand. Additionally, the demand for low-power consumption and affordable solutions can be practically addressed.

Relationship between seed coat colour and seed vigour in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp (L.)

In the present study, the 25 genotypes were grouped into two seed color groups including pigmented (n = 19; black, brown, dark brown, grey, dark grey seed color) and unpigmented (n = 6; cream and white seed color) for studying the association of seed coat color with seed vigor. Despite high germination (>84%) of all genotypes in the laboratory, unpigmented genotypes recorded low (34-54%) field emergence than pigmented genotypes (52-78%). Rapid initial (30 min) rate of water uptake (-0.75**), water uptake at one hour of imbibition (-0.70**), low proportion of seed coat (0.67**), and greater electrical conductivity of seed leachate (-0.72**) was associated with low field emergence in unpigmented cowpea genotypes. No significant correlation or association was observed between field emergence and laboratory germination in the present investigation suggesting that laboratory germination can not be used for predicting field emergence in cowpea. Instead, the electrical conductivity of seed leachate could be used to predict the field emergence of cowpea.

A review of the knowledge structure and trends in research on the interlinkages between the rule of law and environmental sustainability

AbstractThe interplay between nature and human activities is important for both human well‐being and the health of our planet. The rule of law is central to maintaining harmony between environmental needs and human endeavors. Since the early 1990s, particularly after the Earth Summit in 1992, there has been an increased interest in the relationship between environmental sustainability and legal frameworks. This has led to a significant expansion in the field, encompassing a wide array of research. Despite the field's growth, there is still a lack of review papers that explore its knowledge structure and evolution. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature by employing the Visualization of Similarities (VOS) viewer software. We identify key thematic areas within the field, highlight influential authors and journals, and specify major contributing countries and institutions. The findings show that the initial focus was on limited themes, which later gave way to an acknowledgment of the multidimensional nature of the subject. Certain themes, such as environmental emissions and governance, retain prominence. Among the focal themes, sustainability, climate change, and democracy are particularly influential in shaping the field's trajectory. Despite this evolution, certain aspects of both concepts, such as waste and water management, fundamental rights and justice system, and the importance of socio‐economic factors, remain underrepresented. This study offers valuable insights into the linkage between the rule of law and environmental sustainability themes and the associated themes.

Effects of Botanicals and Synthetic of Insecticides on Field Emergence and Crop Establishment in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck

Mungbean, is a drought-resistant, green manure crop and suitable for dry land as a major pulse crop in India. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses, which improve soil properties, provide nutritious fodder and prevent soil erosion. However, pests like bruchids can destroy 60% of production, necessitating the use of eco-friendly seed protectants. Laboratory studies were conducted at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agricultural and Technology, Ayodhya, using mungbean seed cv. IPM-2-3. Seeds were mixed with seed protectants and stored in gunny bags. Field emergence and crop establishment were tested and data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Seed protectants and insecticides are effective in maintaining field emergence and crop establishment in mungbean. Emamectin benzoate, Sivanto prime and Gorakhmundi powder are the best treatments, with maximum field emergence and minimum establishment influenced by environmental factors. These findings are supported by various studies. Emamectin benzoate and Neemoz gold were found to be effective insecticides for field emergence and crop establishment in mungbean, with the latter recommended for storability and field establishment.

Effect of Seed Coating and Pelleting on Germination, Plant Establishment and Seed Yield in Cumin (<i>Cuminum cyminum</i> L.)

An investigation to study the effect of seed coating and pelleting on germination, plant establishment, and seed yield of cumin was conducted at ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, during the Rabi season in the year 2016 and 2017. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, comprising 18 treatments in three replications. Results revealed that, pelleting of seeds with lignite + Azospirillum significantly increased per cent field emergence (91.5%), plant height, umbels per plant, seeds per plant and seed yield as compared to other treatments. But seed yield parameters viz. days required for 50% t field emergence, plant height at harvesting time, days required for 50% flowering and seed test weight did not show significant variation with other treatments. Furthermore, an experiment on the storability of pelleted seeds in terms of germination percentage was conducted in a laboratory, and it was found that seeds pelleted with lignite and Azospirillum recorded the highest germination percentage (67%) at the end of a 6-month storage period. Overall, seed pelleting treatments with lignite + Azospirillum improved crop establishment, growth, and seed yield, and the pelleted seeds can also be stored for 6 months under ambient conditions.

Biopriming using microbial consortia and biostimulants as a technique to increase seed quality of Solanum melongena L. by modifications in morphological and metabolic constituents

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable in tropical and subtropical regions. High-quality seeds are crucial for successful crop production, necessitating rapid and uniform field emergence. In the new wave of the Green Revolution, organic wastes were replaced by agrochemicals. This study was conducted from January to March 2024 to standardize biopriming techniques for brinjal using various organic inputs and microbial cultures to improve seed quality. Brinjal seeds cv. PLR 2 were treated with organic inputs (Panchagavya, Egg fermented extract, Fish fermented extract and effective microorganism solution) and liquid microbial cultures (Azospirillum and Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotroph). The bioprimed seeds were assessed for their physiological attributes and anatomical and biochemical changes. Compared with the control, biopriming with 2% Fish fermented extract significantly improved the germination rate (19.4%), germination energy (40.9%), root length (44.4%), shoot length (24.4%) and seedling vigour index (68.1%). This increase was attributed to the nutritional and bioactive compounds in the fish by-products, which promoted root development and nutrient absorption. The biochemical parameters revealed increased ?-amylase activity, protein, and amino acid content in the bioprimed seeds. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed beneficial root volatile compounds in the roots of treated seeds. An evaluation of the plant growth-promoting activities of the biopriming agents revealed the superiority of fish-fermented extract over other bioagents. Therefore, this method promotes sustainable agriculture and improved crop productivity, providing a scientific basis for biopriming as a viable alternative to conventional seed treatments.

Analyzing the Sequence of Phases Leading to the Formation of the Active Region 13664, with Potential Carrington-like Characteristics

Abstract Several recurrent X-class flares from Active Region (AR) 13664 triggered a severe G5-class geomagnetic storm between 2024 May 10 and 11. The morphology and compactness of this AR closely resemble the AR responsible for the famous Carrington Event of 1859. Although the induced geomagnetic currents produced a value of the Dst index, probably 1 order of magnitude weaker than that of the Carrington Event, the characteristics of AR 13664 warrant special attention. Understanding the mechanisms of magnetic field emergence and transformation in the solar atmosphere that lead to the formation of such an extensive, compact, and complex AR is crucial. Our analysis of the emerging flux and horizontal motions of the magnetic structures observed in the photosphere reveals the fundamental role of a sequence of emerging bipoles at the same latitude and longitude, followed by converging and shear motions. This temporal order of processes frequently invoked in magnetohydrodynamic models—emergence, converging motions, and shear motions—is critical for the storage of magnetic energy preceding strong solar eruptions that, under the right timing, location, and direction conditions, can trigger severe space weather events on Earth.

Perpetual step-like restructuring of hippocampal circuit dynamics

Representation of the environment by hippocampal populations is known to drift even within a familiar environment, which could reflect gradual changes in single-cell activity or result from averaging across discrete switches of single neurons. Disambiguating these possibilities is crucial, as they each imply distinct mechanisms. Leveraging change point detection and model comparison, we find that CA1 population vectors decorrelate gradually within a session. In contrast, individual neurons exhibit predominantly step-like emergence and disappearance of place fields or sustained changes in within-field firing. The changes are not restricted to particular parts of the maze or trials and do not require apparent behavioral changes. The same place fields emerge, disappear, and reappear across days, suggesting that the hippocampus reuses pre-existing assemblies, rather than forming new fields de novo. Our results suggest an internally driven perpetual step-like reorganization of the neuronal assemblies.

Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Seed Quality Parameters under Cold Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abiotic stresses impinge rice production all over the world. Low temperature stress is one among the major abiotic stresses in crop plants significantly affecting plant growth, survival, reproduction, and dispersal. Therefore an experiment was carried out on rice variety BPT 5204 to study the effects of cold plasma treatment under cold stress. Attempt was made to standardize appropriate stage of exposure (dry seeds, sprouted seeds), voltage (30kv, 20kv) and duration of exposure (10min, 20min) based on the performance in vigour tests i.e., germination, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-II, field emergence test, abnormality and imbibition tests at a temperature of 18°C. Results indicated that exposure of sprouts of BPT 5204 at 20kv for 20min has given highest germination (88%), seedling dry weight (68.10 mg), seedling vigour index II (597), field emergence (77%), imbibition rate (0.495) and lowest abnormality (12%) in comparison to control and other treatments. This indicates that cold plasma treated at 20kv for 20min on paddy sprouts had a greater stimulatory effect on plant growth and development under cold temperature conditions.

Time Makes Space: Emergence of Place Fields in Networks Encoding Temporally Continuous Sensory Experiences.

The vertebrate hippocampus is believed to use recurrent connectivity in area CA3 to support episodic memory recall from partial cues. This brain area also contains place cells, whose location-selective firing fields implement maps supporting spatial memory. Here we show that place cells emerge in networks trained to remember temporally continuous sensory episodes. We model CA3 as a recurrent autoencoder that recalls and reconstructs sensory experiences from noisy and partially occluded observations by agents traversing simulated arenas. The agents move in realistic trajectories modeled from rodents and environments are modeled as continuously varying, high-dimensional, sensory experience maps (spatially smoothed Gaussian random fields). Training our autoencoder to accurately pattern-complete and reconstruct sensory experiences with a constraint on total activity causes spatially localized firing fields, i.e., place cells, to emerge in the encoding layer. The emergent place fields reproduce key aspects of hippocampal phenomenology: a) remapping (maintenance of and reversion to distinct learned maps in different environments), implemented via repositioning of experience manifolds in the network's hidden layer, b) orthogonality of spatial representations in different arenas, c) robust place field emergence in differently shaped rooms, with single units showing multiple place fields in large or complex spaces, and d) slow representational drift of place fields. We argue that these results arise because continuous traversal of space makes sensory experience temporally continuous. We make testable predictions: a) rapidly changing sensory context will disrupt place fields, b) place fields will form even if recurrent connections are blocked, but reversion to previously learned representations upon remapping will be abolished, c) the dimension of temporally smooth experience sets the dimensionality of place fields, including during virtual navigation of abstract spaces.

Recent advances and applications of human brain models.

Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have prompted the emergence of new research fields and applications for human neurons and brain organoids. Brain organoids have gained attention as an in vitro model system that recapitulates the higher structure, cellular diversity and function of the brain to explore brain development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This progress has been accelerated by abundant interactions of brain organoid technology with various research fields. A cross-disciplinary approach with human brain organoid technology offers a higher-ordered advance for more accurately understanding the human brain. In this review, we summarize the status of neural induction in two- and three-dimensional culture systems from hPSCs and the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases using brain organoids. We also highlight the latest bioengineered technologies for the assembly of spatially higher-ordered neural tissues and prospects of brain organoid technology toward the understanding of the potential and abilities of the human brain.

Seed mass affects emergence but not germination in native grassland forage species

For ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, species selection and knowledge of the species biology are essential. Seed germination and seedling establishment, as well as seed regenerative traits, can partially determine direct seeding success in this context. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize the seeds of 29 native forage species of the Pampa Austral grasslands, (2) to evaluate their germination and emergence, and (3) to evaluate the relationship between germination and emergence and seed traits (mass, length, width, and length/width ratio), to test the usefulness of these traits for rapid species selection. We studied the germination percentage of untreated (UG) and treated (TG) seeds under laboratory conditions of 29 native forage species (four legumes, nine cool season, and 16 warm‐season grasses) and the percentage of field emergence (FE) for 17 of those species, selected based on their UG. Additionally, all species were characterized, including thousand‐seed mass, length, width, and length/width ratio. Average UG was 53.30 ± 3.17% for Poaceae and 25.63 ± 5.73% for Fabaceae. Four cool season and eight warm‐season grasses had UG greater than 60%. Mean FE was 35.18 ± 0.66% 2 months after sowing. FE has a direct relationship with seed mass (r2 = 0.69; p < 0.001), while this relationship was not observed for UG under laboratory conditions (r2 = 0.15; p = 0.7174). In Pampa Austral grasslands, seed mass proved to be a relevant trait for species selection given its strong relationship with FE.

Effect of magnetic and electric treatments on growth, yield and seedling parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of electric current and magnetic field to the growth, yield, and seedling characteristics of chickpea by examining the response of chickpea to magnetic and electric treatments of varying intensities and durations. The ICC 30-70 seeds were obtained from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and subjected to treatments involving AC magnetic flux intensities ranging from 75 mT to 125 mT for 3 and 5 minutes in the magnetic field, as well as AC electric current ranging from 75 mA to 125 mA for 30, 60, and 90 seconds treatments, separated by equal rest periods. Throughout the study, statistically significant differences were found in field emergence (84.30%), leaf area (8.62cm2), plant height (35.60cm), biological yield (10.70gm), number of pods per plant (30), and total yield per plot (118.67gm). Within the seedling parameters, all treated seeds exhibited the highest germination percentage compared to the control. Additionally, there was a favorable impact on seedling length (27.85cm), fresh weight (0.74gm), dry weight (0.30gm), and vigour indices I (2683) and II (28.71) following the seed treatment. The present study leads to the conclusion that the magnetic and electric treatments shown superior performance when compared to the control. Throughout the investigation, it was noted that the application of magnetic and electric treatments positively influenced the vegetative growth of plants. Furthermore, the dry matter partitioning showed a substantial rise in seeds treated with electric current, leading to a higher yield-per plot.

Table Disaster Exercise (TDE) Simulation Media For Improving Knowledge Of Nursing Students In Conducting Triage

Disasters are a series of events that disrupt and threaten social life with natural and non-natural causes (human factors) resulting in loss of life, property damage, and psychological impacts. One of the obstacles to overcoming health problems in disaster areas is the lack of knowledge and disaster management skills from nurses and other health workers which has an impact on poor health services. This thing gives the public the impression that medical and nursing personnel are late in responding to all disaster events. The absence of disaster learning during lectures causes graduated nurses to not have adequate knowledge and skills. Tabletop Disaster Exercise (TDE) is one Media to measure preparedness in disaster management by the reactions of training participants through scenarios. Thus, this research aims to determine Tabletop Disaster Exercise (TDE) Simulation Media to Increase Students' Triage Knowledge of Disaster Victims. The Ministry of Health Pangkalpinang Health Polytechnic is one of the higher vocational education institutions having a Nursing study program whose vision is to produce competitive nurse graduates in the emergency field. Students are expected to be equipped with knowledge about providing basic life support and the ability to deal with disasters. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The population included all nursing students at the Pangkalpinang Health Polytechnic, with a sample size of 60 respondents identified through non-probability purposive sampling. The sample was divided into two groups: a control group of 30 respondents and a treatment group of 30 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. The dependent variable was the level of student knowledge regarding the use of Tabletop Disaster Exercise (TDE) media.

Assessing the Effects of Chitosan on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Growth and Productivity

Background: Groundnut, also known as peanut is a vital crop worldwide, valued for its oil and protein-rich seeds. However, globally the production of groundnut is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, which significantly reduce yield. Among these, seed borne pathogen plays a major role.In order to manage plant disease and increase the yield, chitosan was used in this study since it is a natural polymer derived from chitin found in crustacean shells. Methods: Groundnut seeds were treated with chitosan 1.5 and 2.0% along with bio-control agents and carbendazim.Treated seeds were sown in field and observations viz., disease incidence (%), field emergence (%), plant height, flowering characters, yield attributing pod and seed characters were recorded. Result: The results revealed that no disease incidence was recorded in chitosan treated seeds. Seeds treated with chitosan 2% increased the field emergence and plant height up to 13 and 17 per cent over control, respectively. Chitosan 2% treated seeds-initiated flowers 4 days earlier than the control seeds and also quickly attained the 50% flowering. Apart from this, seeds treated with chitosan 2% increased the pod yield and seed yield ha-1 up to 27 and 29 per cent, respectively. In between the biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis showed an increased yield and yield attributing parameters.

High-fidelity Simulation in Sports Field Emergencies: Applications, Benefits, Challenges, and Future Prospects

High-fidelity Simulation in Sports Field Emergencies: Applications, Benefits, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Effect of Spraying Dates with Concentrations of Nano-Zinc on some Maize Growth Traits, Yield Quality Traits and Field Emergence. Yield Traits

Effect of Spraying Dates with Concentrations of Nano-Zinc on some Maize Growth Traits, Yield Quality Traits and Field Emergence. Yield Traits

The Influence Relationship between College Students’ Self-Esteem, Appearance Satisfaction, and Beauty Interest for Protection and Convergence

Purpose: In the contemporary world, where personal values and standards of living are on the rise, appearance is not only an important means of self-expression, but also plays a central role in the formation and expression of the self. By being satisfied with one's appearance, one can fulfill the outer and inner beauty of the body, thereby increasing self-esteem and maintaining good interpersonal relationships and positive social behavior in social life. With the increasing importance of appearance in modern society, interest in beauty is also increasing. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest among college students. Method: Questionnaires were distributed offline to college students at four-year universities in Gyeon ggi-do for about one month from September to October 2023 and analyzed using the SPSS V.27.0 sta tistical package program to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and beauty interest. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship betwe en self-esteem, appearance satisfaction and beauty interest. Results: First, the results of the analysis of the effect of self-esteem on appearance satisfaction sho wed that self-esteem had a significant effect on two sub-dimensions of appearance satisfaction: appea rance confidence and appearance anxiety. Second, the effect of self-esteem on beauty interest was an alyzed, and it was found that positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem had a significant effect o n the sub-factor of beauty interest, fashion interest. Third, the results of the analysis of the effect of appearance satisfaction on beauty interest showed that self-control interest and others' fashion interes t are influenced by appearance satisfaction and have a defining effect on appearance self -confidence and appearance anxiety. Conclusion: The expansion of the beauty industry has given rise to the emergence of numerous beauty-related fields, which has resulted in a surge in various forms of consumption. It is our contention that multidisciplinary research should be conducted on various generations of consumers in the beauty industry, and we anticipate contributing to further research on beauty interest.