Embryonic Form Research Articles

Resisting agrarian neoliberalism and authoritarianism: Struggles towards a progressive rural future in Mozambique

AbstractAfter nearly two and a half decades with a Land Law widely considered progressive, Mozambique is preparing to revise its legal framework for land. Land activists accuse the government of pursuing an authoritarian approach, excluding civil society participation, and falsifying public consultations. The revision would mark a major shift in Mozambique's land policy towards an even more neoliberal framework to allow the transfer of individual land titles. This turning point is a crucial moment for popular movements to mobilize against the consolidation of agrarian neoliberalism and fight for pro‐poor land policy that benefits small‐scale food producers and rural communities at large. While recognizing different rural and agrarian class formations and interests in Mozambique, I argue that embryonic forms of a cross‐class alliance are becoming apparent. As deagrarianization proceeds, the National Union of Peasants (UNAC) plays a key role in mobilizing the rural poor — petty commodity producers, farm workers, fishermen, small agrarian capitalists, and agrarian civil society at large — using left‐wing populism to oppose agrarian neoliberalism, which takes authoritarian forms.

In Memoriam : Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021): It All Started with Ants.

In Memoriam : Edward O. Wilson (1929-2021): It All Started with Ants.

Research on the Style of Duan Inkstone Inscription in Tang Dynasty

Under the background of the Tang Dynasty, regular script has developed into the most coordinated and stable calligraphy style through three periods of transition. This most stable regular script style is suitable for the inscriptions of stone tablets and Duan inkstone in the Tang Dynasty. During this transition, the inheritance and breakthrough in the early Tang Dynasty gave rise to the standardized embryonic form of regular script in the Tang Dynasty. Entering the middle of the Tang Dynasty, regular script was further innovated and developed, strengthening stability. It was not until the late Tang Dynasty was innovated and perfected, and the essence of the early stage was absorbed. During the transition period of regular script in the entire Tang Dynasty, on the basis of inheritance, there was a breakthrough and development. A stable development law was formed with changes in stability and changes in stability.

Michael L. Raposa Plays with Peirce, Love, and Signs: Review Essay on Theosemiotic: Religion, Reading, and the Gift of Meaning

Michael L. Raposa Plays with Peirce, Love, and Signs: Review Essay on <i>Theosemiotic: Religion, Reading, and the Gift of Meaning</i>

At-one-ment: Beyond Transference and Countertransference

Through the inscrutable state of at-one-ment, one (be)comes to know the other from the inside, to experience the other’s experience as one’s own, rather than like one’s own. In the clinical setting, this occurrence is valuable in and of itself, even when it is not acknowledged or understood by the analytic pair, as it allows the enigmatic possibility of communicating the incommunicable that lies beyond words and relations, echoing the unique embryonic form of being and communicating. Such clinical occurrences invite us to reconsider the common formulations of transference and countertransference and move beyond their inherent notion of twoness.

Shanghai municipal investment corporation: Extending government power through financialization under state entrepreneurialism

Financialized urban governance means that local governments have been increasingly reliant on financial techniques and in some extreme cases, been captured by shareholders’ interests. However, financialized governance mutates with various characteristics of local governance. This paper unpacks financialized urban governance in China based on the operation of Shanghai Municipal Investment Corporation (SMI). The Shanghai municipal government uses SMI as an intermediary to finance urban development. Based on the latest corporatization of SMI, we illustrate an embryonic form of financialized governance in which the Shanghai municipal government relies on financial means especially shareholding to manage and support SMI. In doing so, the municipal government internalizes financial techniques to manage state assets, seek funding, and guide urban development projects. The power of the state is not undermined during the process of financialization. Instead, the Shanghai government extends its power to the financial market to achieve its goals.

Sarcoma Botryoides of the Bladder in a Nigerian Child: A Case Report

Sarcoma botryoides of the bladder is a variant of the embryonal form of rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by protrusion of tumour cells and stroma into a body cavity like a bunch of grapes. Apart from the bladder, the embryonal form of this tumour can occur in other areas such as the vagina, nasopharynx, middle ear and common bile duct. One of its complications is obstruction of the bladder outlet, presenting as acute urinary retention and acute kidney injury. Pressure on the adjacent tissues and organs is also well recognized. It has an intermediate prognosis which depends on age, site and the extent of disease at diagnosis. We report a case of sarcoma botryoides in a 3-year-old Nigerian girl, confirmed by imaging and histology.

Voyage of Ben Cao, Part II: Development of Chinese Medicinal Specimens in the British Museum

Voyage of Ben Cao, Part II: Development of Chinese Medicinal Specimens in the British Museum

How the lung folds itself: biophysical insights from evolution

Evolution has generated an enormous diversity of biological form. Given this diversity, it is highly likely that every tissue structure that one can imagine has been built by the embryo of one species or another. We are interested in uncovering the physical (mechanical) mechanisms by which epithelial sheets fold themselves into branching tubes in the embryo, and using those mechanisms to engineer tissues in culture. Over the past half century, developmental biologists have identified several biochemical signaling pathways and genetic control mechanisms necessary for tissue morphogenesis. In parallel, biological systems must obey Newton’s laws of motion, and physical forces need to be generated in order to sculpt simple populations of cells into complex tissue forms. Inspired by the evolutionary diversity of embryonic forms, we have combined time‐lapse imaging analysis with computational modeling and engineered tissue models to identify the mechanical forces and downstream signaling pathways that are responsible for generating the diverse architectures of the lungs from birds, mammals, and reptiles. I will describe our recent insights into the different physical mechanisms used to fold the epithelium across these three classes of vertebrates, and possible explanations for the divergence of the avian lung.

New institutions and the politics of the interstices. Experimenting with a face-to-face democracy in Naples

This article analyses the politics of new municipalism in Naples in relation to the constellation of ‘new institutions’ that has arisen from this politics. These ‘new institutions’ are illustrative of a politics of the interstices as a distinctive trait of the convergence between city government and social movements in Naples, as the latter have opted for staying neither outside nor inside official institutions and the city government has adapted its conduct to this strategy. To illustrate this point, the article explores the emerging constellation of ‘new institutions’ in Naples, which is understood as an embryonic form of radical ‘face-to-face democracy’ (in Murray Bookchin’s terms) at the municipal level, that departs from mainstream conceptions of participatory democracy and commons-based democracy. Through this analysis, the article argues that the experience of new municipalism in Naples offers evidence of a kind of participatory urban democracy understood not in a procedural sense but in a genuinely political vein, where civic participation and political conflict productively coexist with institutional creativity.

Becoming the Metalinguistic Mind: The Development of Metalinguistic Abilities in Children from 5 to 7.

The object of this study is the development of metalinguistic abilities in an age range—5 to 7 years—where an important turn takes place in education, namely the transition between kindergarten and primary school. Based on the literature starting from the 70’s of the last century, embryonic forms of awareness of how language variation can be manipulated to convey variation in meaning are widely attested in preschoolers. These forms, however, denote an intuitive and implicit level of awareness and will attain a “meta-level”, based on more systematic and explicit reflectiveness, later in development in correlation with cognitive, linguistic, and educational factors. To measure the development of these abilities across the above age range, we recruited 160 native Italian-speaking children from 5 to 7, with comparable numerosity at each age, gender balance, average socio-cultural background, and no cognitive nor neuropsychological impairment. We used 6 metalinguistic tasks, the Raven’s CPM, a lexical and grammatical ability tests. The results showed a significant increase in all the measures across the span considered and correlations between all the measures. A factor analysis on the metalinguistic tasks showed that a single factor accounted for a large part of the common variance.

The role of publicly funded collaborative projects in implementing open innovation

ABSTRACT Publicly funded collaborative projects can represent an embryonic form of open innovation, as they force firms to collaborate and share knowledge with external partners. In this vein, they can trigger the implementation of a broader set of open innovation practices, despite usually operating according to policy logics that are not always aligned with open innovation principles. However, further research is needed to understand whether and how implementation of different open innovation practices, such as publicly funded collaborative projects, entails the adoption of particular organisational changes. This paper aims at understanding how companies can leverage publicly funded collaborative projects to trigger the adoption of a broader set of open innovation practices, as well as the organisational changes to be implemented to exploit these practices. By conducting an exploratory case study of a leading white goods manufacturer, this paper shows how taking part in publicly funded collaborative projects allowed the company to trigger the adoption of a broader set of open innovation practices. This paper contributes to the debate on the contingent nature of open innovation by discussing the organisational dimensions on which the company should act to implement the different open innovation practices. It also provides evidence on a progressive approach for the adoption of open innovation practices triggered by publicly funded collaborative projects. In addition, this paper provides useful suggestions for managers and policymakers that are in charge of managing open innovation practices within companies and drafting funding opportunities that are consistent with open innovation principles, respectively.

Developing secondary schools as learning organisations: a systemic contribution

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to explain the link between traditional same-age school structure and the impact this has on a school’s capacity for individual and organisational learning; second, to explain why attempts to develop schools as learning organisations (LOs) invariably reify existing structures and practice, and finally, to provide an example of how and why schools that have adopted a multi-age form of organisation, a vertical tutoring (VT) system, have stumbled upon an embryonic form of LO.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper draws on a critical review of the LO literature and its defining characteristics. The paper adopts a multi-disciplinary approach combining autopoiesis and complexity science to explore differences in learning capacity between traditional same-age schools (year or grade-based structure) and schools that have transitioned to multi-age organisation (vertical tutoring system).FindingsThe traditional form of same-age organisational “grammar” used in secondary schools is highly resistant to change, and any attempts at reform that fail to focus on organisation only reify existing systemic behaviour. VT schools change their form of organisation enabling them to create the capacity needed to absorb the unheard voices of participant actors (staff, students, and parents) and promote individual and organisational learning (constituent features of the LO).Originality/valueThis conceptual paper argues that for secondary schools to develop any semblance of an LO, they must abandon the restrictions on learning caused by their same-age form of organisation. The VT system provides the kind of organisational template needed.

Аналіз передумов розвитку семантичного компоненту мовлення дітьми раннього немовлячого віку

The article contains a study of the origin of the first words in infants' speech, ways of their accumulation and awareness of meaning. Children's speech reactions were considered as elements of their adaptive behavior. Analysis of videos of infants from 0 to 12 months. allowed to highlight the main milestones in the early agreement period preceding the emergence of the first words. A specialized method of video-audio recording analysis has been developed: three types of voice reactions (negative voice reactions, neutral-positive reactions, complex voice reactions) and four types of related actions have been identified: indicative-research behavior, communicative activity, intentional-motivational manifestations and lack of behavioral manifestations), as well as some other manifestations. This made it possible to distinguish at least two subsystems in the structure of reactions - voice and cognitive-effective. The results of the research presented in the text show differences in the ways of development of voice and semantic subsystems in early ontogenesis. Theoretical ideas about the origin and development of the semantic (subjective) component in infants in the first months of their lives, the emergence of embryonic forms of consciousness, as well as the role of operant learning described by B. Skinner and E. Thorndike ("situation-reaction-reinforcement") in the formation of the first children's words. Emphasis is placed on the leading importance of enriching the mental and cognitive sphere of the baby, the influence of others, immediate life situations, games, research activities that shape the semantic experience of the child.

Transformation between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Tan-Lu Fault zone: Insights from ENE-NE-trending gneiss belts at the tectonic node

How the Dabie Orogenic Belt (DOB) and the Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ) transformed during the early Indosinian period is the key to reveal the convergence process between the North China Block (NCB) and the South China Block (SCB). Tongcheng area in the eastern margin of northern DOB is the tectonic node that connects the WNW-trending DOB and the NE-trending TLFZ. The typical ENE-NE-trending gneiss belts penetrably developed in Tongcheng area provide an ideal natural lab to decipher the transformation between the DOB and the TLFZ. Here we conduct an integrated structural and geochronological research on the ENE-NE-trending gneiss. Zircon U–Pb dating on the ENE-NE-trending gneiss yielded metamorphic ages ranging from 255 ± 9 Ma to 203 ± 10 Ma. The weakly deformed veins which intruded the surrounding gneiss yielded two groups of ages, 825 ± 29 Ma to 713 ± 7 Ma and 125 ± 2.6 Ma (weighted mean age), which indicate the protolith age of surrounding rocks and the intrusive timing of the vein, respectively. Integrated structural, microstructural and kinematic analysis indicate that no lateral structural superposed on the gneiss or veins. Therefore, it can be speculated that the deformation and metamorphism of the gneiss should simultaneously formed during the Early Triassic, as a result of continuous tearing from the DOB to the northeastern Sulu Orogenic Belt (SOB) during subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCB. Formation of the tearing belts, i.e., the ENE-NE-trending gneiss belts, accomplished the tectonic transformation between the DOB and the TLFZ. They could be regarded as an embryonic form of the TLFZ, which are also apparently different from the TLFZ by characteristics of non-strike slipping.

Research on the Agglomeration Effect of Financial Industry in Free Trade Zone

Since the 1970s, with the rapid development of economic integration and the rapid flow of financial resources, Chinese economic development of has accelerated, financial institutions have become closer, and financial agglomeration has become increasingly obvious, showing regional attributes. In the process of economic development, the leading position of finance is becoming more and more unshakable, and financial agglomeration has become an important form of modern financial industry organization and development. The free trade zone has served as a key role in breaking through traditions, reforms and innovations in China. Based on the free trade zone, Chinese economy can develop more prosperously. 18 free trade zones established in China headed by Shanghai have made excellent achievements in Chinese economic reform. The establishment of the free trade zone has attracted a large number of financial institutions to settle in with its reform and innovation advantages. The embryonic form of financial industry agglomeration has emerged. With the continuous development of the free trade zone, Chinese financial industry agglomeration effect has also appeared. Based on this, this article studies the agglomeration effect of the financial industry in Chinese free trade zone.

Analysis on developmental characteristics of acupoint theory

The theory of acupoints has gone through a long process from its embryonic form to its maturity, including its gradual improvement in later generations. Starting from the acupuncture literature in different historical periods, we, in the present paper, gave some examples and analyzed the connotation of important concepts in the development of acupoint theory. It is believed that the signs of the establishment of acupoint theory mainly include the standardization of acupoints' names, the specific description of acupoint positioning, the enrichment and explicitation of the content of acupoints' indications, the highlights of the meridian theory via classification of acupoints, and the interpretation of connotations of acupoints from a clinical perspective.

CLASSICISM AND NEO-CLASSICISMS IN THE HISTORY OF MUSIC

In one of his articles, Octavian Paler draws attention in a metaphorical-mythologizing manner upon one of the risks taken by those who chose tradition as their source of inspiration. The epigonic spirit, because this is what he refers to, cannot escape idolatrising tradition, phenomenon that happens within an alterity of the creative identity, within the pettiness of controlling the artistic means, within the infatuation of his own image which is placed under the protection of the great creative figures. The epigone masters in an embryonic form some techniques which, for various reasons, he cannot manipulate creatively. He is somehow suspended between two sensibilities, hence his failure. On the one hand, he is not aware of the risk of assuming past sensibilities, and on the other, he does not assume his contemporariness. Giving in to the temptation of looking too much into the past, the epigonic artist loses his identifying sensibility. “The mistake of neo-classicism, with its statues painted or sculpted based and antique models, is Orpheus’ mistake. As we no longer have the soul of the ancient Greeks, imitating their art is useless because in art too, looking back kills if there is no conscience of the irreversibility. From this point of view, there is no turning back unless in order to desolate everything” (Paler, 2016, pp. 189-190). This quote refers to neo-classicism perceived in its most rudimentary form, in which it would identify itself with the epigonic phenomenon. Of course, no relation of equality can be claimed between an epigone and a neo-classicist. If we are to give a brief definition in which to establish a relationship between these two terms, the epigone is a neo-classicist that lacks fantasy. Neo-classicism means to creatively take over technical means, past sensibilities in order to anchor them in the tumultuousness of contemporary times. Neo-classicism represents the happiest mixture between past and present, that form of artistic reverberation in which modernity still makes room for the seal of the past. Not servility, not obedience, not anachronism which denote the incapacity to assimilate new composing techniques or the lack of vigour of creative energies, but the power to adapt to new sensibilities through restorative interventions. Starting from here, we will trace a re-echeloning line of various types of neo-classic sensibilities specific to the end of the 19th century and to the entire 20th century

Spatial evolution path of Gulangyu Island historical international community: from the perspective of actor-network theory

Gulangyu Island is a special case of social development and changes since modern China. In the past, Chinese and foreign people lived together and Chinese and Western cultures coexisted, resulting in an international community with outstanding cultural diversity and modern quality of life. As a functional carrier, space is of great reference significance to the research on the spatial evolution path of the Gulangyu international community with the accelerating globalization and rapid expansion of urbanization. Based on the interpretation of historical maps and the integration of historical geographic information, this paper explores the evolution path of Gulangyu community space in modern times from the perspective of actor-network theory. It is found that: (1) The change of key actors promotes the spatial evolution of the Gulangyu international community. (2) In the stage of foreign culture dissemination (1840–1902), foreign nationals, as key actors, promoted the formation and development of actor-networks through administrative recruitment and other means, and promoted Gulangyu Island to change from a traditional Minnan community to a modern community form, with the embryonic form of an international community beginning to emerge. (3) In the stage of multicultural integration (1903–1940), overseas Chinese returning home became key actors. The concept of a combination of Western cultures was not only embodied in community management but also acted on space practice to promote the multicultural integration of the Gulangyu international community. This paper summarizes the effects of various factors on the evolution of community space, to provide a reference for other coastal cities to rationally develop islands and promote the multicultural integration of local communities.

Beşir Fuad’s Voltaire: liberating the individual

ABSTRACT Beşir Fuad (1852?-1887) is an obscure figure among late nineteenth century Ottoman intellectuals known for his materialistic views which were unprecedented under the Hamidian regime (1876-1909) and who shocked his contemporaries by committing suicide at an early age, leaving a note and a letter containing his last impressions and world view. Just months before his suicide, Beşir Fuad published a Voltaire biography in which he commemorates him as an Enlightenment ideal to be emulated in humankind’s struggle against religious intolerance. In this article, Beşir Fuad’s Voltaire (1886) is examined, arguing that the monograph was, though in an embryonic form, an early expression and defence of individual liberty, based on a materialistic world view that aims at demystification of the prevailing customs and morals as irrational and superstitious absurdities to pave the way for a future society in which the individual would be in liberty.