Embedding Points Research Articles

On steady-state queue size distributions of the discrete-time GI/G/1 queue

In this paper, we present results for the steady-state system length distributions of the discrete-timeGI/G/1 queue. We examine the system at customer arrival epochs (customer departure epochs) and use the residual service time (residual interarrival time) as the supplementary variable. The embedded Markov chain is ofGI/M/1 type if the embedding points are arrival epochs and is ofM/G/1 type if the embedding points are departure epochs. Using the matrix analytic method, we identify the necessary and sufficient condition for both Markov chains to be positive recurrent. For theGI/M/1 type chain, we derive a matrix-geometric solution for its steady-state distribution and for theM/G/1 type chain, we develop a simple linear transformation that relates it to theGI/M/1 type chain and leads to a simple analytic solution for its steady-state distribution. We also show that the steady-state system length distribution at an arbitrary point in time can be obtained by a simple linear transformation of the matrix-geometric solution for theGI/M/1 type chain. A number of applications of the model to communication systems and numerical examples are also discussed.

Subverting the Dominant Order: Narrative as Weapon in Simone de Beauvoir's Tous les hommes sont mortels

This essay argues that through the narrative techniques of point of view and embedding, Beauvoir carefully constructed her narrative and those of her male and female characters in Tous les hommes sont mortels, her third novel, published in 1946, in order to explain why males dominate society and to encourage women to fight against the current patriarchal social order. Many critics view Fosca as the principal character, and his 400-page embedded recapitulation of his past as the predominant text, but shifting the focus from Fosca to Régine, who constitutes the only focalizer of present events in the embedding text, clarifies many details previously judged as faults. This study advances that the awkwardness of the characters and of the linking of the narrative strands needs to be reinterpreted in relation to thematic repetitions and contradictions, the narrator's reliability, the use of time, psychoanalytic theory, the author's life at the time of writing, cultural history, and theories concerning énonciation. The interplay of these elements indicates the ways in which narrative is wielded as a weapon which ultimately promotes female independence in the struggle between the sexes.

Hartree-Fock study on the lower excited states of a Cu + impurity in NaF using large embedded clusters

We report spin-restricted and symmetry-restricted Hartree-Fock cluster calculations on the lower excited states of a Cu + impurity in NaF in order to investigate their dependence on cluster size. In contrast to previous work on smaller clusters, we found all states arising from the configurations e g 4t 2g 5a 1g 1 and e g 3t 2g 6a 1g 1 to be local. Delocalization can occur when an unbalanced choice of cluster and set of embedding point charges is made. These results confirm the local perspective from which previous spectroscopic assignments have been made. However, the inconsistency with the results from OD-EPR spectra remains.

Co-critical points of elementary embeddings

Probably the two most famous examples of elementary embeddings between inner models of set theory are the embeddings of the universe into an inner model given by a measurable cardinal and the embeddings of the constructible universeLinto itself given by 0#. In both of these examples, the “target model” is a subclass of the “ground model” (and in the latter case they are equal). It is not hard to find examples of embeddings in which the target model is not a subclass of the ground model: ifis a generic ultrafilter arising from forcing with a precipitous ideal on a successor cardinalκ, then the ultraproduct of the ground model viacollapsesκ. Such considerations suggest a classification of how close the target model comes to “fitting inside” the ground model.Definition 1.1. LetMandNbe inner models (transitive, proper class models) of ZFC, and letj:M→Nbe an elementary embedding. Theco-critical pointofjis the least ordinalλ, if any exist, such that there isX⊆λ, X∈NbutX∉M. Such anXis called anew subsetofλ.It is easy to see that the co-critical point ofj:M→Nis a cardinal inN.

Pragmatique et rhétorique discursive

Abstract The paper's starting point are those elements of speech which are known in German as Abtonungspartikeln (phrase or sentence coloring particles). As is the case for their French counterparts, a syntactic-semantic analysis of these particles proves insufficient, both as to determining their function inside a single language and as regards contrastive analysis. Rather, it is necessary to investigate these particles' communicative functions in speech situations. One of these functions is shown to be the function I have labeled ‘ recherche d'approbation discursive ’ (call for assent in discourse). Certain less-investigated French particles and phrases are discussed which fulfill this function in argumentation. These particles and phrases bring about the cohesion of a text, and indicate that the propositions they refer to shall be understood as generalizing statements. Furthermore, they characterize the whole text as an argumentation, where these propositions act as premises. On the other hand, they mark the embedding points of whole argumentation chains, and the mutual relations of ‘matrix’ and ‘embedded’ argumentations. Moreover, since argument assent implies role accept, the assent called for implies the accept of the speaker-as-a-competent-person. Finally, in problematic contexts, these particles and phrases may obviate ‘worst possible readings’ and their ensuing sanctions.

On smoothness of the Banach space embedding

For a Banach space X, smoothness at a point of the natural embedding ◯ in X**, is characterised by a continuity property of the support mapping from X into X*. It then becomes clear that there are many non-reflexive Banach spaces with smooth embedding, a matter of interest raised by Ivan Singer [Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 12 (1975), 407–416].