Development Of Embedded Systems Research Articles

FPGA Based Embedded System Development for Rolling Bearings Fault Detection of Induction Motor

Bearing fault diagnosis is crucial in condition monitoring of any rotating machine. Early fault detection in machines can save millions of dollars in maintenance cost. Different methods are used for fault analysis such as short time Fourier transforms (STFT), Wavelet analysis (WA), Model based analysis, cepstrum analysis etc. Recently, there have been outstanding technological developments related to digital systems, in both hardware and software. These innovations enable the development of new designing methodologies that aim to the ease the future modifications, upgrades and expansions of the system. This paper presents a study of rolling bearing fault diagnosis of induction motor based on reconfigurable logic. A case study using FPGA, its design, as well as its implementation and testing, are presented.

Design of Process Management for Multi-Process Micro-Kernel Embedded OS on ARM

This paper describes the design and implementation of process management for ARM based multi-process micro-kernel embedded operating system in technical details, including allocation of process memory space with MMU, creation of system level tasks, generation of the init process, the process management task, switching of the tasks and processes, and multi-level priority-queue schedule. The paper finally gives a demo example to show the performance of the process management. The entire operating system is implemented on Linux with GNU tool chain by the author of this paper, which is programmed simple and compact therefore suitable for both embedded system development and embedded related curriculum teaching in colleges and universities.

Enhancing Hardware Assisted Test Insertion Capabilities on Embedded Processors using an FPGA-based Agile Test Support Co-processor

With software defects reducing profits in many fields, it is worthwhile to consider moving key defect reducing strategies from one development area into another. However, inadequate tool support has compromised attempts to transfer Agile methodology’s successes from “business systems” to embedded system development. We outline the advantages of adding an Agile test support (ATS) co-processor to provide low overhead hardware-assisted test insertion capabilities into testing frameworks for test-first (Agile) and test-last hardware-software design philosophies. We propose the development of an ATS FPGA co-processor using an extension to the eXtreme Programming Inspired (XPI) embedded lifecycle. The performance of a prototype ATS co-processor is compared to the existing instruction watch (low overhead) and data watch (high overhead) debug hardware present on Analog Devices ADSP-BF5XX Blackfin processors.

The Development and Application of Electricity Embedded Software Testing

This paper briefly introduced and discussed some of the mainstream embedded test tool, the purpose is to give the readers have a general understanding of current stage and development of embedded system in China. Meanwhile, this paper analyzed under the electricity industry (especially smart grid construction) application scenarios, three main modes of embedded software testing (development and testing, user testing, third-party testing) , their advantages and disadvantages and the scope of the necessary conditions and so on.

Trim and Transplantation of Linux Kernel Based on ARM

This paper mainly researches trim and transplantation of the Linux kernel at the platform of ARM.Transplantation of operating system can be done in the following steps: configuration, trim of source code, cross-compilation. This paper make a detailed description about items above,and the realization of it. Transplantation of operating system is the base of embedded system,so it has a important significance on development of embedded system.

4-227 簡易化された開発環境を利用した組込みシステム開発実習の教育効果((09)ものつくり教育-V/(07)高大院連携-I)

4-227 簡易化された開発環境を利用した組込みシステム開発実習の教育効果((09)ものつくり教育-V/(07)高大院連携-I)

Study on Debugging Method Based on Embedded System Development Platform

U-boot is an open source project under the protocol of GPL, which has been widely used as boot application on embedded system. Normally, U-boot initializes hardware and send to hardware information to the embedded OS. In mobile thermals, especially in the arm-based mobile device, U-boot has played an important role. U-boot supports many kinds of development boards. However it does not support every board, so it needs to be modified to fit other board. This paper analyses the boot procedure and the source code of U-boot, studies how to add a custom command on U-boot source, analyses the protocol of USB, then gives us a new way to download the binary U-boot file or the kernel directly to RAM and run. In this way, we do not need to burn the binary U-boot file or the kernel to Flash. This has save a lot of time in embedded system development.

Secure JTAG Implementation Using Schnorr Protocol

The standard IEEE 1149.1 (Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture, also known as JTAG port) provides a useful interface for embedded systems development, debug, and test. In an 1149.1-compatible integrated circuit, the JTAG port allows the circuit to be easily accessed from the external world, and even to control and observe the internal scan chains of the circuit. However, the JTAG port can be also exploited by attackers to mount several cryptographic attacks. In this paper we propose a novel architecture that implements a secure JTAG interface. Our JTAG scheme allows for mutual authentication between the device and the tester. In contrast to previous work, our scheme uses provably secure asymmetric-key based authentication and verification protocols. The complete scheme is implemented in hardware and integrated with the standard JTAG interface. Detailed area and timing results are also presented.

Recent trends in embedded system software performance estimation

It is observed that due to the availability of fast and highly efficient processors, many embedded system developers are attracted to implement the majority of the system components in software rather than hardware. Software implementation offers a great level of flexibility and scalability of the design. At the same time, a wide choice exists between generic processors, DSP processors, network processors, etc. This increases the design space exploration by many folds to select an appropriate processor or a processor version for a specific application or application component. In this review, recent prominent directions for embedded software performance estimation have been discussed and their salient features are summarized.

A Soft Processor MicroBlaze-Based Embedded System for Cardiac Monitoring

this paper aims to contribute to the efforts of design community to demonstrate the effectiveness of the state of the art Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), in the embedded systems development, taking a case study in the biomedical field. With this design approach, we have developed a System on Chip (SoC) for cardiac monitoring based on the soft processor MicroBlaze and the Xilkernel Real Time Operating System (RTOS), both from Xilinx. The system permits the acquisition and the digitizing of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) analog signal, displaying heart rate on seven segments module and ECG on Video Graphics Adapter (VGA) screen, tracing the heart rate variability (HRV) tachogram, and communication with a Personal Computer (PC) via the serial port. We have used the MIT_BIH Database records to test and evaluate our implementation performance. In terms of the resources utilization, the implementation occupies around 70% of the used FPGA, namely the Xilinx Spartan 6 XC6SLX16. The accuracy of the QRS detection exceeds 96%.

ARTK: a compact real-time kernel for Arduino

This article describes ARTK, a compact real-time kernel for the Arduino embedded systems development environment. It provides a priority-driven preemptive task scheduler, semaphores for task synchronisation, and serial channel output. It is compatible with Arduino boards containing more or less than 64 kbytes of memory. The memory footprint of ARTK is under 8 kbytes.

Promoting of Human Resources for Embedded Systems Development by Meister and Student Engineering Educator Accreditation System

Promoting of Human Resources for Embedded Systems Development by Meister and Student Engineering Educator Accreditation System

High Speed Road Texture Measurement Using Laser Displacement Sensors

Abstract This paper presents a cost effective and high speed road texture depth (RTD) measurement system based on laser scanning technique. The computing algorithm and embedded system development for the system are presented. Its performance was compared to the common methods for the RTD measurement. The results of laboratory and road testing are provided to show the good performance of the system.

Evaluation of an Abstract Component Model for Embedded Systems Development

Abstract —Model-driven and component-oriented development is increasingly being used in the development of embedded systems. When combined, both paradigms provide several advantages, such as higher reuse rates, and improved system quality. Performing model-driven and component-oriented development should be accompanied by a component model and a method that prescribes how the component model is used. This article provides an overview on the MARMOT method, which consists of an abstract component model and a methodology for the development of embedded systems. The paper describes a feasibility study that demonstrates MARMOT's capability to alleviate system design, verification, implementation, and reuse. Results indicate that model-driven and component-based development following the MARMOT method outperforms Agile development for embedded systems, leads to maintainable systems, and higher than normal reuse rates. Keywords —Software Development Management, Software Reusability, Modeling

Composing domain-specific physical models with general-purpose software modules in embedded control software

A considerable portion of software systems today are adopted in the embedded control domain. Embedded control software deals with controlling a physical system, and as such models of physical characteristics become part of the embedded control software. In current practices, usually general-purpose languages (GPL), such as C/C++ are used for embedded systems development. Although a GPL is suitable for expressing general-purpose computation, it falls short in expressing the models of physical characteristics as desired. This reduces not only the readability of the code but also hampers reuse due to the lack of dedicated abstractions and composition operators. Moreover, domain-specific static and dynamic checks may not be applied effectively. There exist domain-specific modeling languages (DSML) and tools to specify models of physical characteristics. Although they are commonly used for simulation and documentation of physical systems, they are often not used to implement embedded control software. This is due to the fact that these DSMLs are not suitable to express the general-purpose computation and they cannot be easily composed with other software modules that are implemented in GPL. This paper presents a novel approach to combine a DSML to model physical characteristics and a GPL to implement general-purpose computation. The composition filters model is used to compose models specified in the DSML with modules specified in the GPL at the abstraction level of both languages. As such, this approach combines the benefits of using a DSML to model physical characteristics with the freedom of a GPL to implement general-purpose computation. The approach is illustrated using two industrial case studies from the printing systems domain.

Integrating the SysML and the SystemC-UML profiles in a model-driven embedded system design flow

Modern embedded systems development, due to systems complexity and multifaceted nature, requires flexible high-level design techniques and notations. In this context, model-driven approaches are gaining popularity, both in industry as well as in academy, since they offer a high degree of abstraction and provide a common framework for the design, simulation and configuration management of complex heterogeneous systems. Moreover, a great variety of languages have been emerging as customization (or profiles) of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the embedded system and System-on-Chip (SoC) domains. No single modeling language or profile is adequate to cover aspects and requirements of the whole system development flow. Indeed, each of these languages owns characteristics and offers modeling primitives suitable for designing at a specific abstraction level. Therefore, possible strategies for integrating such UML profiles must be determined, in order to establish a common modeling framework able to support all steps of a system design development. This paper presents the integration of two modeling languages, the SysML and the SystemC UML profiles. The integration is based on a mapping from the SysML to the SystemC UML profile for the structural aspects, while for the behavioral aspects two main models of computation, SysML control-flow graphs and SystemC Process state machines, are proposed as complementary behavioral formalisms to be adopted in a model-driven SoC design flow at platform-independent and platform-specific description level, respectively. The integration we propose, has enabled us also to refine an already defined model-driven hardware-software co-design flow, where a gap remained moving from a platform-independent design level to a platform-specific level. The refined co-design flow starts from a SysML description at a high level of design abstraction, and proceeds through a chain of refined SystemC UML models, to lower levels of design abstraction, where the more complex last-level SystemC coding is left to automation.

Virtualize Me

Modern virtualization technology allows us to run operating systems in a virtual machine that can be hosted on facilities ranging from our laptop to a datacenter in the cloud. It's thus possible to create a virtualized development environment that contains all the tools, applications, and libraries that a programmer requires. This speeds up developer setup time, brings economies of scale, introduces parity between development and production environments, allows the use of platform-specific tools, and simplifies embedded-system development. Using VMs, testers can ensure a pristine environment and access to diverse (virtual) platforms. Deployment is also simplified by packaging all the system's components and setup into a VM appliance. Finally, on the operations side, VMs make it easier for a system to support application provisioning, maintenance windows, high availability, and disaster recovery.

Syntax and semantics of the compositional interchange format for hybrid systems

Different modeling formalisms for timed and hybrid systems exist, each of which addresses a specific set of problems, and has its own set of features. These formalisms and tools can be used in each stage of the embedded systems development, to verify and validate various requirements.The Compositional Interchange Format (CIF), is a formalism based on hybrid automata, which are composed using process algebraic operators. CIF aims to establish interoperability among a wide range of formalisms and tools by means of model transformations and co-simulation, which avoids the need for implementing many bilateral translators.This work presents the syntax and formal semantics of CIF. The semantics is shown to be compositional, and proven to preserve certain algebraic properties, which express our intuition about the behavior of the language operators. In addition we show how CIF operators can be combined to implement widely used constructs present in other timed and hybrid formalisms, and we illustrate the applicability of the formalism by developing several examples.Based on the formal specification of CIF, an Eclipse based simulation environment has been developed. We expect this work to serve as the basis for the formal definition of semantic preserving transformations between various languages for the specification of timed and hybrid systems.

Divide and recycle

Hybrid modelers such as Simulink have become corner stones of embedded systems development. They allow both discrete controllers and their continuous environments to be expressed in a single language. Despite the availability of such tools, there remain a number of issues related to the lack of reproducibility of simulations and to the separation of the continuous part, which has to be exercised by a numerical solver, from the discrete part, which must be guaranteed not to evolve during a step.

Transplant of Qt/E Application Based on QQ2440V3 Platform

With the development of embedded system, the implementation of application based on Qt and embedded Linux is an emphasis in researching the embedded GUI system. This paper introduces the cross compiling process and Qt/Embedded, and then describes how to develop the applications on Qt/Embedded. The methods in this paper have been validated on this developing platform(QQ2440V3)．