Elsevier Research Articles

Роль федерального учреждения МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» в работе региональной детской офтальмологической службы.

One of the main tasks of the children’s ophthalmological service in any region is to ensure the availability of high-tech medical care, however, personnel and technological shortages can negatively affect this indicator. Using the resources of a federal specialized clinic at the regional level can help resolve this issue. The goal is to reflect the participation of the federal specialized clinic in the work of the regional children’s ophthalmological service. Material and methods. The data used to assess the state of provision of ophthalmological care to children was taken from the electronic database of medical records of patients who received ophthalmological care at the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution in the period from 2017 to 2023. Results. In 2005, a pediatric surgical department was organized at the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution. The work of the department’s ophthalmologists is primarily aimed at providing modern surgical treatment for children with various ophthalmological diseases. The leading scientific and practical direction is retinopathy of prematurity. To ensure optimal accessibility of specialized medical care, implementation of a system for early diagnosis and monitoring of the vision status of children, in the fall of 2020, a Children’s Ophthalmological Diagnostic Center (DOC) was opened within the structure of the Kaluga branch of the MNTK. The priority direction of the DOC is the introduction into clinical practice of innovative medical technologies aimed at early detection and formation of stages in the treatment of eye diseases in children and adolescents, and the determination of recommendations for preventive measures. From 2017 to 2023, the volume of ophthalmological care provided by the Kaluga branch of MNTK was within the range of 1,400–3,000 operations per year. Every year, ophthalmological care is provided directly to more than 1000 children at the Children’s Center. In total, over the entire period of operation of the center, conservative treatment was carried out in 3552 cases of amblyopia, myopia and other forms of ametropia, including severe forms. Using the new treatment method, 809 courses of treatment have been carried out at the Amblyokor complex since September 2020. During the work of the Center, 1908 orthokeratology lens sets were selected and issued. In addition to accepting patients living in the Kaluga region, we are actively accepting children from other regions. Conclusion. Thanks to the work of the branch of the MNTK «Eye Microsurgery» in the Kaluga region, the shortage of highly qualified medical personnel is compensated, the effective use of complex and unique diagnostic and treatment equipment is concentrated and implemented, the widespread introduction of progressive treatment methods into practice is ensured, the optimal route for patients is developed, taking into account the structure of medical organizations, participating in the implementation of the program of state guarantees of providing free assistance to the population. It should be noted that ophthalmological care for the children’s population through the Kaluga branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution is largely provided at the interregional level, affecting the territories of neighboring regions.

Gear Hobs-Cutting Tools and Manufacturing Technologies for Spur Gears: The State of the Art.

The present work aims to provide the readers with a bird's-eye view of the general domain of cylindrical gear manufacturing technologies, including the cutting tools used, and related topics. The main scientific sources are explored to collect data about the subject. A systematization of the scientific works is completed, to emphasize the main issues the researchers have focused on in the past years in the domain. Several specific aspects are investigated: chip-forming process, cutting tool lifetime, the materials used to produce gear hobs, temperature and lubrication, the cutting tool geometry, cutting parameters, design methods, and optimization. Some gaps in the research have been identified, which are mainly related to the gear hob's design. These gaps, the organization of knowledge, the current requirements of the industry, and the actual socio-economic priorities form the basis for identifying new scientific research directions for the future in the area of spur gears manufacturing technologies and cutting tools. The main output of this work is a frame to guide the development of scientific research in the domain of spur gear production.

ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY OF DYNAMIC DEVELOPED SUSPENSION MILITARY VEHICLE

The wheel drives of a military vehicle are intended for its movement to satisfy the performance of technological tasks in the zone close to combat, but this requirement is not fully satisfied. This is related to the performance of the above tasks in difficult conditions, in off-road conditions. In order to ensure the mandatory performance and reliability of technological movements in such conditions, construction specialists focused their actions on improving the running gear, especially the suspensions. The article deals with the theoretical research of the design of the developed suspension of a military vehicle. The movement of the car is carried out with the help of wheeled motors, which partially satisfy the performance of technological tasks in the zone close to combat. The main drawback is the fulfillment of the requirements for moving a military vehicle in off-road conditions, and in some cases, the impossibility of moving it. In order to increase the reliability of the technology of moving a car in offroad conditions, the development of world-class specialists is aimed at improving the design of its suspension, as well as the technology of moving it in off-road conditions of a military vehicle, the number of movements of the system, and the movement of the center of mass of this system. The purpose of the study is to improve the technological scheme of loading the wheel drive when it moves the support, the transformation of the energy supplied to the wheel drive and the quantitative movements kinematically distributed in the wheel drive into the controlled relative to the wheel disc movement of the car with the addition of the traction force of the car with the portable forces of quantitative movement, which is an auxiliary factor to the innovative technology of its movement. The scientific and practical direction of the work consists in the fact that for the first time the considered technology in which the law of change of mechanical energy is applied during the rotation of the wheel drive over an obstacle, i.e., the energy supplied to the wheel drive and the quantitative movements kinematically distributed in the wheel drive in the controlled motion of the car relative to the wheel disc with summing up the traction force of the car with the portable forces of the quantitative movement, and this allows us to approach the consideration of the implementation of the torque on the wheel drive more expediently. The methodology of the study was to establish a mathematical relationship between the quantitative movements kinematically distributed in the wheel drive in the car movement controlled relative to the wheel disc and the parameter of quantitative movements, as well as with the dynamic mobility of the car itself. The result of the research is the development of the elements of the theory of quantitative movements kinematically distributed in the wheel drive. When revealing the concept of "dynamically developed suspension", equations were used that mathematically confirm the connection with the quantitative movements kinematically distributed in the wheel drive in the controlled movement of the car relative to the wheel disc, which allows overcoming obstacles on the way and supporting surface in certain conditions of vehicle operation. The value of the conducted research, the results of the conducted work will allow to make a contribution to the automotive industry. The proposed car model is suitable for use in order to increase the ability of vehicles to overcome obstacles.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF CONTRACEPTIVE VAGINAL PATCH ZB-06

With the high frequency of unplanned pregnancies in many countries, there is an urgent need for more affordable and effective contraceptives. In recent years, scientists around the world have been actively developing new methods of barrier contraception. This method is very simple and convenient due to the fact that it has no systemic effect, side effects are minimized, and a woman can use it when she needs it. In order to fill the gap in this niche, scientists have developed the ZB-06 vaginal contraceptive film containing the HC4-N human contraceptive antibody (HPA). Purpose. Study literature sources on the use of contraceptive vaginal film ZB-06. Materials and methods. Materials from PubMed and PubMedCentral resources of the US National Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, Elsevier Clinical Key and Elsevier Science Direct were used to analyze the literature. For the analysis of scientific literature, a qualitative method based on content analysis was used, namely, the definition of units of analysis - headings, annotations and keywords of articles; calculation of the frequency and percentage distribution of analysis units by analysis categories using the Excel program; interpretation and generalization of analysis results. Results. This review presents summarized research results that demonstrate that the ZB-06 contraceptive film has a number of advantages and disadvantages. This method of contraception provides effective levels of mucosal antisperm antibodies for at least 3 hours after use. Conclusion. Contraceptive vaginal film ZB-06 is an innovative, non-hormonal, topically applied vaginal film (containing HC4-N PPA), which in phase 1 of the study showed a high level of effectiveness and met the safety requirements for contraceptives.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PARABOLIC AND TRAPEZOIDAL SECTIONS IN IRRIGATIONCANALS

One of the current scientific directions in hydraulic engineering is to give irrigation canals a hydraulically and statically stable cross-sectional shape in the form of the most advantageous parabolic profile. This approach allows maximizing the sediment transport capacity of the flow and significantly reducing the time and costs of construction and maintenance works, using optimization criteria for next-generation machinery and mechanisms. The significance of this research lies in developing a new concept for designing, constructing, and operating irrigation canals in hydraulic engineering systems with cross-sectional shapes that are both hydraulically and statically stable. These shapes aim to maximize sediment transport capacity, ensure ecological sustainability of natural-technical basin systems, and contribute to national food security. The objects of study are hydraulic engineering structures, specifically the inter-farm canals of irrigation systems within the Syr Darya river basin in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For the study, methods were used including stability analysis of earth slopes using circular-cylindrical sliding surfaces, methods based on analogy between shear curves and slopes, and methods based on the theory of limit equilibrium. Calculations have demonstrated the advantages, including increased resistance to cross-section deformation, reduced earthwork volumes during irrigation canal construction and cleaning by 20-25%, decreased materials and work volume for possible lining by 13-18%, narrower canal top width and land acquisition zones by 11-17%, lower labor costs by 13-16%, reduced construction costs by 14-18%, and decreased specific adjusted costs by 15-18%.

A systematic review of trustworthy artificial intelligence applications in natural disasters

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise for advancing natural disaster management through the use of predictive models that analyze extensive datasets, identify patterns, and forecast potential disasters. These models facilitate proactive measures such as early warning systems (EWSs), evacuation planning, and resource allocation, addressing the substantial challenges associated with natural disasters. This study offers a comprehensive exploration of trustworthy AI applications in natural disasters, encompassing disaster management, risk assessment, and disaster prediction. This research is underpinned by an extensive review of reputable sources, including Science Direct (SD), Scopus, IEEE Xplore (IEEE), and Web of Science (WoS). Three queries were formulated to retrieve 981 papers from the earliest documented scientific production until February 2024. After meticulous screening, deduplication, and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 108 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. This study provides a specific taxonomy of AI applications in natural disasters and explores the motivations, challenges, recommendations, and limitations of recent advancements. It also offers an overview of recent techniques and developments in disaster management using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), data fusion, data mining, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), fuzzy logic, and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM). This systematic contribution addresses seven open issues and provides critical solutions through essential insights, laying the groundwork for various future works in trustworthiness AI-based natural disaster management. Despite the potential benefits, challenges persist in the application of AI to natural disaster management. In these contexts, this study identifies several unused and used areas in natural disaster-based AI theory, collects the disaster datasets, ML, and DL techniques, and offers a valuable XAI approach to unravel the complex relationships and dynamics involved and the utilization of data fusion techniques in decision-making processes related to natural disasters. Finally, the study extensively analyzed ethical considerations, bias, and consequences in natural disaster-based AI.

Complexity in the perspective of the ontological turn in modern anthropology

The article examines the forms of representation of the idea of the diversity of being that have developed outside Western European philosophy and science. The paper presents an analysis of the proposed F. Descola, E. Cohn and E. V. de Castro reconstructions of “Indian” ontologies, which are positioned as an alternative to the West «metaphysics». The models constructed within the framework of anthropological reconstructions are based on a number of ontological assumptions (multi-naturalism, reinspectivism, multimodality), which are considered as forms of representation of diversity. The author examines the boundaries of the decentered ontology of diversity, the peculiarities of the relationship between objective and subjective complexity in the mythology of Indian collectives. In the context of the described theoretical models, complexity is considered as a relational, transversal category relevant for describing the processuality of existence, the diversity of human experience, the relationship between man, society and culture. The article also presents a comparative analysis of the ideas of diversity that have developed in “Indian” metaphysics and in the directions of modern philosophy (“new ontologies”) and science (synergetics).

APPLICATION OF MODERN METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION OF POLLUTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS

Quality control of herbal preparations is an important component to ensure the effectiveness and safety of their use. Phytochemical medicines are made from medicinal plant materials that may contain unwanted chemical compounds, so careful quality control must be performed to ensure their safety and efficacy. The success of quality control of herbal materials requires an integrated approach, i.e. a combination of various techniques and methods that allow analyzing the main classes of compounds. Various methods of analysis are used to overcome these difficulties. Today, the main chemical methods for determining the quality of medicinal products are chromatographic, in particular gas chromatography (GC), often combined with mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography (CC). Besides, HILIC is the optimal method for the analysis of polar and ionized compounds that are too strongly retained on polar stationary phases and/or poorly separated by standard chromatographic methods. TLC/HPTLC methods are traditionally used by the SPhU and the European Pharmacopoeia for identification of herbs and detection of impurities by visual assessment, as well as for semi-quantitative determination of compounds when comparing the intensity of the spot in the zone of the tested solution with spots in the zones of reference compounds. The mentioned methods have still remained the most acceptable for the identification of herbs, which is explained by the unique chromatographic profile of each plant or extract based on it. At the same time, the instrumental method of HPLC has advantages due to the possibility of quantitative determination of substances that fluoresce in UV or visible light. Nowadays, the direction of scientific research devoted to the optimization of the previously described analytical methods and the development of new ones for the identification of both herbs and herbal materials, as well as herbal remedies, becomes relevant. In addition, the development of methods for the quantitative determination of herbal compounds is a relevant scientific and practical direction.

Influence of ideas of Russian cosmism on formation and development of scientific and technical elite of rocket engineering and cosmonautics

The article is devoted to the influence of philosophical and theoretical ideas of the scientific direction of Russian cosmism on their transformation into a scientific and practical plane – the creation of the rocket and space industry, the launch of satellites, rockets, and humans into space. The relevance of the problem considered in the article lies in the fact that space, while remaining the sphere of interests of the leading world powers competing with each other in political, economic, cultural, and military terms, remains a platform for international cooperation, on which factors of national and global security largely depend. In this work, space exploration is considered in the development from philosophical and scientific research of the late 19th – early 20th century to projects of private corporations investing in the exploration of the Moon, colonization of Mars, development of a fleet of interstellar ships for travel to the Alpha Centauri system in our days. Scientific novelty is determined by a comprehensive consideration of the dialectics of the intellectual, creative and pragmatic in matters of space exploration. In a short period of time, under the influence of the philosophical ideas of the scientific direction of cosmism, and their logical continuation in the form of the development of the theory of cosmonautics and rocket science, there was the emergence of a new stratum of society – scientific and technical elite, which brought the country to a new level of technical development, which allows it to remain the world's leading space power to this day.

Bibliometric Analysis Of High-Rise Building Planning With Cpm And Pert Methods Using Vosviewer

This research shows the developments that have occurred in high-rise building building planning worldwide by presenting bibliometric analysis data. The database that appears from Publish or Perish can be converted into mapping with the help of VosViewer software. In this analysis, it can be seen how relevant this research is globally. The results of data processing show that the majority of research comes from journal articles, with a total of 774 studies (85.33%), and the peak of research occurred in 2022 with 114 studies. Elsevier BV is a publisher that has a high interest in the development of high-rise building planning, with a total of 432 studies (65.90%). Evaluation is the most dense visualization, followed by buildings and high-rise buildings. This shows that high-level building planning using the CPM and PERT methods can still develop.

LeverAge: A European network to leverage the multi-age workforce

Abstract Bringing together 150+ scholars and practitioners from 50+ countries, and funded by the European Commission, COST Action LeverAge (https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22120/) is the first network-building project of its kind in the work and organizational psychology and human resource management (WOP/HRM) aspects of work and aging. Focused on the aging workforce, the Action aims to foster interdisciplinary and multinational scientific excellence and the translation of science to practical and societal impact across 4 years. Based on a research synthesis, we identify five broad research directions for work and aging science including work and organizational practices for a multi-age workforce, successful aging at work, the integration of age-diverse workers and knowledge transfer, aging and technology at work, and career development in later life and retirement. We provide key research questions to guide scientific inquiry along these five research directions alongside best practice recommendations to expand scholarly impact in WOP/HRM.

Is TEVAR an Effective Approach to Prevent Complications after Surgery for Aortic Dissection Type A? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: A residual false lumen after treatment for Aortic Dissection type A (AD) has been associated with early complications, such as A malperfusion or rupture and mid-term or delayed complications, such as aneurysm formation or dissection expansion. Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is considered an effective solution by several surgical teams to prevent future complications. In this systematic review, all published data regarding the implementation of TEVAR after previous treatment for AD were collected in order to investigate indications, methods, clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling in these patients. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the indications, the methods and the efficacy of TEVAR usage after surgical treatment of AD. Data for this study were collected from four widely used medical databases (MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, OVID). All the results for each database were recorded and were analyzed with a systematic method. Techniques and clinical outcomes were investigated. Aortic remodeling was evaluated based on the following parameters in these studies: aortic diameter, true lumen diameter, false lumen diameter, false lumen thrombosis and false lumen patency. Results: The results obtained from the search among all databases comprised 1410 articles and of these articles 9 were included in the review. The majority of the studies were retrospective (seven out of nine studies), while no study was randomized. The total number of patients was 157 and 133 of them (84.7% of patients) were treated with TEVAR in zone 3 without extension below the diaphragm intraoperatively. Among 142 patients, the calculated mortality rate was 12.7% (18 of 142 patients), with 2.8% (4 of 142 patients) presenting with stroke. The percentage of patients with total or partial thrombosis combined was 65.9% (62 patients in a population of 92). The reintervention rate was 18.7%. Conclusions: TEVAR after AD surgery is an approach usually chosen in clinical practice, but the criteria of its usage are uncertain. This method is safe and enhances aortic remodeling with an acceptable reintervention rate. Definite guidelines in this field should be created in order to delineate whether TEVAR after AD surgery is beneficial as a preventive measure to aorta-related complications and to decide under which criteria this approach should be chosen.

Between law and economics: about the scientific heritage of R. A. Posner

The author analyzes the life and scientific heritage of the famous American lawyer and federal judge R.A. Posner. The emergence of the scientific direction and academic discipline “economic analysis of law” is associated with his name. Attention is drawn to the ideological, theoretical and methodological foundations of this direction, associated with the extension of the basic postulates of neoclassical economic theory to the law. This is partly due to Posner’s ignorance of traditional legal issues of justice and his disdainful attitude towards the rule of law. Significant attention is paid to the evolution of the scientist’s views in the 21st century, which is clearly insufficiently paid attention to in domestic literature, especially economic literature. This evolution went in the direction of revaluing the role of the influence of the free market on economic processes and law enforcement practice, recognizing the more important role of irrational principles in human behavior. It is noted that modern researchers of the problems of interaction between law and economics, including the son of the hero of the article, Eric Posner, adhere to more moderate positions based on the equal interaction of law and economics.

Rotating wireless power transfer: A new concept for wireless charging systems

Fast and safe charging are current concerns in relation to wireless charging of autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs). Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a capable solution and a replacement for conventional contact-based methods. However, resonant inductive and capacitive WPT topologies demand more power as the gap between transmitter and receiver pads increases. These structures, initially developed for electric vehicle applications, do not adequately optimize power transfer and power quality for the smaller surface areas of AGVs. In this paper, a novel topology for wireless charging concept is described and validated. This methodology has been named rotating WPT, with a primary side spinning neodymium magnet disc. The receiver pad is composed of a circular coil with ferrite U-cores. Calculations of the induced voltage over the rotating magnetic field resulted in 1.95 V at an operating frequency of 2.7 kHz. FEM simulation results show approximately 3 V, while laboratory experiments outputted 33 mV at 3.8 kHz. A sinusoidal waveform was observed from prototype, and power was successfully transferred to the receiver end, validating this proposed topology. This novel WPT system has no inverter, rectifier, nor compensation, decreasing reactive power, assembly costs and complexity while transferring power and enhancing power quality.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A stochastic approach for the solution of single and multi–objective optimisation problems of biological processes in sequencing batch reactor

This paper investigates the impact of implementing single and multi-optimisation solutions on the biological treatment process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The research is based on a case study of the water resource recovery facility (WRRF) in Swarzewo, Northern Poland. The paper introduces the adaptive extremum seeking control (ESC) method for dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration control and places it in a layered control structure. Further, it presents the introduction of an optimisation layer for the structure and parameters of the SBR cycle, through the synthesis of stochastic methods: single-objective optimisation (SOO) using a genetic algorithm (GA) and multi-objective optimisation (MOO) using the NSGA-II algorithm. The results were compared to a classical approach with fixed cycle parameters. The paper shows the advantages of optimising cycle parameters, including the number of phases as well as the DO value, on the process flow. These control structures underwent simulation tests in the MATLAB environment with the Simba package. The biochemical processes occurring in the reactor are based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d). The optimising control system demonstrates tangible improvements in operational efficiency and significant reductions in electrical energy consumption, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automatic lane change based on dynamic occupancy of an adaptive gird zone

This paper presents adaptive and occupancy grid map algorithms for automatic lane change technology, a core technology in autonomous vehicles. The objectives are to improve driver safety and convenience with technology that automatically changes lanes at the request of the driver. The algorithms construct nine grids on the basis of ego vehicles and generate adaptive and occupancy grid maps by using the relative speeds of ego and target vehicles. When a driver requests a lane change, the adaptive grid map reduces the number of cases where the target vehicles may exist around the ego vehicle from 256 to 32, thus decreasing the calculation amount. Therefore, the algorithms are suitable for use in autonomous vehicles that require real-time calculations. An occupancy grid map is formed in accordance with the location of the target vehicles, and whether lane changes are possible is determined. The algorithms generate a virtual simulation environment with the CarMaker and are simulated using Matlab/Simulink. An experiment is conducted in a real driving environment with real vehicles to prove the validity of the algorithms.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The meaning of periphrases in the expression of semantics

INTRODUCTION. Periphrasis, which belongs to the linguistic universal that initially interested rhetoricians, is noted in many languages, including Russian and Uzbek. The attention of scientists to the study of periphrastic units, as a rule, is focused on understanding them in the text of a work of art as a stylistic phenomenon. Meanwhile, the linguocultural situation of the formation of periphrastic units is largely due to the anthropocentric orientation. The important role of periphrasis as a unit of speech-cognitive activity, which is reflected in the secondary periphrastic nomination as one of the means of transmitting knowledge about the objects of the surrounding reality, is always associated with the process of repeating thoughts when perceiving a particular object, process or phenomenon, which emphasizes the relevance of the research. Periphrases have an internal syntax, which allows them to be considered in the aspect of grammaticalization involved in the process of human cognition of the world. The purpose of the study is to consider the structuralsemantic organization and grammatical-syntactic structure of sentences that contain periphrastic units. The novelty of the study lies in the attempt to describe the structure of periphrasis in the Uzbek language in the aspect of grammaticalization of periphrastic units.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The method of semantic differentiation was used to analyze examples from modern Uzbek literature and translations of works of Russian writers into the Uzbek language.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. It has been revealed that the structural organization of periphrasis does not occur spontaneously, but on the basis of clearly defined rules.CONCLUSION. The data obtained have theoretical and applied value, since they record periphrases in the texts of writers’ works as a special type of linguistic organization of artistic knowledge, as well as the unification of two scientific directions – the theory of grammaticalization and the theory of periphraseology.

Development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the department “Ground Transport and Technological Complexes”

The scientific article reflects the main stages of the historical development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the cycle “Technology of structural metals. Materials Science”, which is one of the areas of the department “Ground transport and technological complexes”. Employees of the department made a significant contribution to solving practical problems in assessing the effectiveness of existing technological processes for restoring the tread surface profile of wheel pairs of wheels, the proposed processes of face milling and turning when restoring the wheel rim profile, including the use of preliminary induction annealing to improve machinability, optimization of cutting conditions wheels based on linear and nonlinear programming methods. A large amount of research and implementation work has been carried out to improve the repair technology and increase the reliability of the wheel-motor unit of rail crews of railway rolling stock. Issues related to surfacing operations during repairs and increasing the wear resistance of deposited surfaces were considered.At the same time, the teachers of the department conduct training sessions on disciplines at a high methodological level, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern engineer.Over the years of work of the cycle “Technology of Structural Metals. Materials Science” a large number of textbooks, teaching aids, guidelines and manuals on laboratory work and course design, as well as collections of scientific papers, articles and monographs on the main areas of research work were published.The historical digression presented in this article gives an idea of the scientific potential of the department accumulated over many years, which can serve as a reliable basis for further development of new scientific directions.

Linking quality of accounting information system and financial reporting to non-financial performance: The role women managers

This study aims to analyze whether non-financial (NF) performance is influenced by the quality of accounting information system (AIS) and the quality/usefulness of financial information (FI) and whether this influence is more pronounced in companies managed by women. Data of 381 Portuguese companies were subjected to structural equations model analysis. The results reveal that (1) companies managed by women exhibit the highest quality in terms of AIS and FI, (2) the quality of the FI determines its usefulness in the decision-making process, and (3) quality and usefulness of the FI has a significant impact on NF performance. Within the framework of contingency theory, the research provides empirical evidence that the NF performance of Portuguese firms is associated with the presence of women in management, as they enhance the quality of financial reporting, essential for the success of any organization. This research is pertinent for accounting and management professionals, as it underscores the importance of quality financial reporting for the survival and growth of companies, while also emphasizing the significance of gender diversity in company management. © 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CULINARY GEOGRAPHY SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION NEW WORLD OF TOURISM

The article considers the importance of culinary geography in the training of specialists in the specialty 242 Tourism and recreation. Obtaining a higher education in the specified specialty in our country is directly relating ding to the activities of the departments that ensure the graduation of specialists - tourism experts for the needs of the country. The study of issues, problems and the nearest prospects of obtaining a professional higher education in tourism and recreation in Ukraine were intensifying by the authors' research due to the appearance of publications approximately since 2015. The analysis of curricula shows the introduction of culinary geography and the justification of the tourism education model at the departments of the Faculty of Geography of Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Volodymyr Hnatyuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University and other universities. As a resulting of the conducted research, new aspects of culinary geography were established. In recent years, interest in the "geography of nutrition" has grown rapidly. Reflecting the great popularity and public interest in all aspects of nutrition - from health issues, global hunger and malnutrition to climate change environmental destruction and animal welfare. The availability of a significant number of journal articles and books on various aspects of food geography creates prerequisites for teaching this subject in universities and colleges. The popularization of scientific research on the geography of food allows activating interest in the development and improvement of one's "geographic ideas" about food. Dishes and methods of their preparation are specific features of the national characteristics of each nation. Culinary geography is a systematic, multidisciplinary, integrated approach to the study of folk food as an important element of material culture. Folk food is an important element of material culture. Its composition and quality characteristics depend on many factors. These are primarily historical, socio-economic, cultural and household, geographical living conditions of the ethnic group, traditions, directions and degree of development of agriculture. Dishes and methods of their preparation are specific features of the national characteristics of each nation. A broad understanding of the study of everyday life, traditions of the material and spiritual culture of peoples, their origin (ethnogenesis) is engage ding in by a number of sciences that have their own unique research methods. In a narrow sense, culinary geography is a component of cultural geography. The geography of culture examines culture in geographic space, studies the spatial differentiation and diversity of its elements, their expression in the landscape and the connection with the geographic environment, as well as the reflection of geographic space in the culture itself. Thus, the arguments listed above for establishing the scientific direction of culinary geography allow us to outline its main definitions. First, we note that there is no single interpretation of the name of the scientific direction (academic discipline) of the problem of culinary geography. It is necessary to state that two main approaches have historically developed in the literature: 1) Food geography (quite a wide range of subjects); 2) Culinary tourism, culinary geography, nutrition in tourism, gastronomic tourism. Keywords: culinary geography, geography of food, culinary tourism, geography of tourist food.