Elsevier Research Articles

Statistical analysis of regional STEC gradient trends for midlatitude ionosphere

In this study, the gradients of Total Electron Content (TEC) for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations, time periods within a day, and satellite directions. Annual medians of these gradients for quiet days are computed as templates. The metric distances (L2N) and Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Distances (SKLD) are obtained between the templates and the daily gradient series. The grouped histograms are fitted to the prospective Probability Density Functions (PDF). The method is applied to the Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) estimates from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN-Active) for 2015. The highest gradients are observed in the east-west axis with a maximum of 25 mm/km during a geomagnetic storm. The maximum differences from the gradient templates occur for neighboring stations within 100–130 km distance away from each other, during night hours, and for regions bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in the northeast and southeast of Turkey. The empirical PDFs of the station-pair gradients are predominantly Weibull-distributed. The mean values of Weibull PDFs in all station groups are between 1.2 and 1.8 mm/km, with an increase during noon and afternoon hours. The standard deviations of the gradient PDFs generally increase during night hours. The algorithm will form a basis for quantifying the stochastic variations of the spatial rate of change of TEC trends in midlatitude regions, thus supplementing reliable and accurate regional monitoring of ionospheric variability.

Influence of argon, helium, and their mixtures on the powder bed fusion of an Al–Cu–Li–Ti alloy using a laser beam: Evaporation, microstructure, and mechanical properties

The role of the inert processing gas during the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) is to prevent oxidation and remove process by-products, such as metal vapor and spatter particles. The present study aims to unveil additional impacts of using argon (Ar), helium (He), and two mixtures thereof as the processing gas on the material properties of a high-strength Al–Cu–Li–Ti alloy fabricated by PBF-LB/M. The part density, microstructure, static tensile properties, and volatile element evaporation were characterized as functions of the processing gas. Decreased porosity levels and increased melt penetration depths were found across a range of processing parameters when increasing the fraction of He in Ar indicating a more stable process and melt pool dynamics. A trend towards increasing yield and ultimate tensile strength was also observed and was attributed to a slightly refined grain size when processing under He-containing gases. The process gas had no significant influence on the evaporation of alloying constituents in the material. Overall, several advantages of using He-containing process gases over pure Ar in PBF-LB/M are demonstrated and discussed.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Science Diplomacy as Assessed by Heads of Representative Offices of the Russian Federation in Switzerland

Introduction. The article analyses the relevant content of the “science diplomacy” concept and describes the key trends of its implementation, taking into account the points of view of current Russian diplomats on the problem. Science diplomacy is becoming a relevant area of diplomatic activity under the conditions of modern globalization processes. As an important area of the activity of the state, it implies not only the establishment of effective science cooperation with other countries but also optimal use of its own scientific potential with a view to upholding the national interests and improving the image of the state. Methods and materials. The authors have reviewed a number of expert points of view from modern researchers. Based on the use of general and special scientific methods, some important conclusions have been drawn concerning the specifics of the development and relevant content of science diplomacy. By comparing and systematising the empirical data obtained from a number of sources, some scientifically significant directions of state activity in this area have been determined. Analysis. By summarising cases from diplomatic practice, the authors seek to determine the role of science diplomacy in the implementation of the current foreign policy tasks of the Russian Federation. According to the results of interviews with S.V. Garmonin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation in the Swiss Confederation, and A.B. Dorovskikh, Consul General of Russia in Geneva, the basic principles of the practical filling of the “science diplomacy” concept in the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are formulated. Results. The authors come to the conclusion about the consistent improvement of the forms and methods of implementing the scientific direction of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, against the background of a deterioration of the international environment and the politicisation of many areas of international cooperation by the countries of the collective West, there exists the task of further improving the effectiveness of the activities of Russian diplomatic structures to defend the scientific and technological sovereignty of the country. Authors’ contribution. E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Introduction” and “Results,” participated together with V.D. Olshanskaya in writing the section “Materials and Methods,” and prepared the final scientific edition of the text of the work. I.V. Kuznetsov developed the concept of the article and the questionnaire for the interview. V.D. Olshanskaya and E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Analysis” and “Materials and Methods” and also acted as an interviewer.

Polymer System Based on Polyethylene Glycol and TFE Telomers for Producing Films with Switchable Wettability.

Today a lot of attention is paid to the formation of thermosensitive systems for biomedical and industrial applications. The development of new methods for synthesis of such systems is a dynamically developing direction in chemistry and materials science. In this regard, this paper presents results of the studies of a new synthesized supramolecular polymer system based on polyethylene glycol and tetrafluoroethylene telomers. The films formed from the polymer substance have the property of switching wettability depending on temperature after heating activation. It has been established that the wettability changes at 60 °C. The contact angle of activated hydrophobic polymer film reaches 143°. Additionally, the system exhibits its properties regardless of the pH of the environment. Based on data obtained by the methods of infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermal analysis in conjunction with wettability and morphology, a model of the behavior of molecules in a polymer system was built that ensures switching of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface state. The resulting polymer system, as well as films based on it, can be used in targeted drug delivery, implantation surgery, as sensors, etc.

Where-to-from-here plenary panel – personal reflections

ABSTRACT As a seasoned forensic scientist and practitioner with more than two decades of experience spanning both industry and research, I have invested considerable time in reflecting on the current state and future direction of forensic science. This reflection, fuelled by my recent participation in a professional conference (The 23rd Triennial Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences (IAFS)), has reinforced my perspective on the industry’s advancement and the critical areas requiring attention to promote positive reform. In this narrative, I articulate the insights garnered during the plenary panel session, firmly grounded in a vision for the field’s advancement.

Looking to the future: Agendas, directions, and resources for nutrition research.

The development and progression of nutrition as a scientific field is ever evolving and complex. Although the history of nutrition research began by exploring specific food components, it has evolved to encompass a more holistic view that considers the impact of dietary patterns over time, interactions with the environment, nutrition's role in disease processes, and public policy related to nutrition health. To guide the future direction of nutrition science, both federal and other professional organizations have established agendas and goals. The Strategic Plan for National Institutes of Health Nutrition Research outlines four goals and five cross-cutting research areas that are priorities to explore between 2020 and 2030. Similarly, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and other governmental and professional organizations have identified priority areas in their research agendas. Rigorous research studies are needed to explore these areas of interest while also considering practical implementation strategies for translating research into practice. Nutrition clinicians are uniquely positioned to lend expertise in the areas of research design, implementation, advocacy and evidence-based practice; there are numerous resources to support practitioners in these endeavors.

Study on valve-side winding fault characteristics of converter transformer in LCC-HVDC system

This paper studies the fault analysis method and fault characteristics of valve-side winding fault of converter transformer in line-commutated-converter high-voltage direct-current (LCC-HVDC) system. The time periods are divided according to the valve conduction state within one power frequency cycle, and these time periods are classified based on the common features. For each type of time period, the flow path of the fault current is analyzed, the circuit equation is established, and the current on both sides of the transformer is solved. By combining the various time periods together, the expressions of the currents on both sides of converter transformer in one power frequency cycle after fault are obtained. The fault characteristics of the valve-side winding fault are studied based on the expressions, and the differences between them and ordinary transformer are pointed out. The research results show that when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the valve-side winding of the low-voltage (LV) bridge converter transformer in LCC-HVDC system, both the grid-side current and the valve-side measured current contain a lot of harmonics, which will affect the operating characteristics of differential protection. Finally, a simulation model is built using PSCAD to verify the fault characteristics obtained from analysis. These works provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the action characteristics of converter transformer protection when the valve-side winding fault occurs and studying the new protection principle.© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The genesis of concepts and categories of logistics and their modification in the conditions of transformations of the econom

The article highlights the results of the analysis of the definition of the concept of logistics and forms a cause-and-effect relationship of disagreements in the views of scientists regarding the interpretation of this term depending on the stages of development of logistics concepts in economies. The main approaches to understanding logistics are outlined, namely as a scientific knowledge, a management process, a scientific and practical direction of management and optimization of logistics flows, an integral management tool and as a system for managing material and information flows. In accordance with the mentioned approaches, the problems for each were updated and directions for further scientific research were outlined. The stages of logistics development have been systematized, as a result of which a separate period of logistics development has been singled out, namely the stage of transformational changes. As a result of the research, it was determined that it is the correctly organized logistics processes at the enterprise that are the driving force for quick response to external factors.

In memory of Vladimir Ivanovich Astafyev (30.11.1948 – 08.02.2024)

The article is dedicated to the memory of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Astafiev, whose professional activity for more than 35 years has been associated with Samara University. Scientific, teaching and organizational activities of V.I. Astafiev largely determined and will determine the scientific directions developed at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, and the educational activity at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics. His boundless dedication to the university, his broad and deep education, and high mathematical culture allowed him to educate the whole pleiades of scientists and professors currently working at the university.

MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is complicated and recurring. It usually first appears in early childhood and might persist throughout maturity. Aims : This systematic review is to review the management and outcome of atopic dermatitis in primary health care in low income countries. Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 539 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 9.462 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 1.264 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 425 articles for PubMed, 5.474 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 613 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, atopic dermatitis is still a major global public health problem, especially for women and young children as well as in high-income nations. It is important to recognize the profound effects on patients, their families, and economies as well as the financial ramifications.

MANAGEMENT OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT IN TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: A significant worldwide public health issue, gonorrhea is made worse by antibiotic resistance. Aims : This systematic review is to review the treatment of gonorrhea in patients with multi drug resistant of antimicroba. Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 4.511 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 1.110 articles, our search on SAGEPUB brought up 1.738 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 1.464 articles for PubMed, 265 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT and 684 articles for SAGEPUB. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 3 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT and 1 of which came from SAGEPUB. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In summary, globally, the prevalence of gonococcal infections is growing quickl. Most concerningly, N. gonorrhoeae is a significant contributor to the bacterial population that disseminates resistance to antibiotics.

Smart Garden Management System Based on the combination of Internet of Things and Geographic Information System Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is inevitably forging ahead in a number of areas all among them being the agricultural sector and in particular the affected environment. This paper utilizes the farm's IoT where through an effective analysis, the smart garden is designed and managed. It blends field research, project implementations and theoretical analysis to improve the case implementation. It can be considered as more rigorous and practical. The study intends, first and foremost, to look at agricultural IoT based technologies and how IoT changes the way farmers work and agricultural landscapes look. Different theories have been used in the implementation of these concepts which include agriculture, tourism, and landscape design. The technical side will integrate the Internet of Things technology, the adaptation theory of agricultural industrialization, the formation of the theory of ecotourism, the application of tourism psychological theory in tourism discipline, the ecology theory of landscape and aesthetics theory, and landscape gardening planning and design theory. A comprehensive examination of the smart park has been conducted, including relevant theories and the application of planning and design principles. This systematic research aims to provide scientific direction for the agricultural aspects of the smart park. In order to offer scientific direction for the planning and design of agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) in smart gardens, this study presents a theoretical framework for the planning and design of smart gardens that incorporate agricultural IoT. The framework is comprehensively explained, encompassing its concept, distinguishing features, relevant theories, and guidance approaches.

Lessons from a Va Relational Approach: Embedding Indigenous Constructs for Classroom Practice

There is increasing concern raised for youth not in education and employment or training (NEET). Subsequently there is an increased demand for both education and health services that support the development of positive youths’ identities, socioemotional and cognitive developmental needs, through youth mentoring strategies (Rhodes & DuBois, Current Directions in Psychological Science 17(4):254–258, 2008). Youth mentoring programmes are largely underpinned by Eurocentric approaches lacking consideration of diverse cultural needs of multi-ethnic under-served youth (Larson & Ngo, Journal of Adolescent Research 32:3–10, 2017). This article draws on data from a participant observational study highlighting how youth mentoring practice underpinned by a range of key Indigenous psychological constructs can be nurtured to improve classroom practice for kaiako (teacher, instructor). The context of investigation is focused on a youth mentoring programme in a tertiary learning environment at a large urban city of Aotearoa New Zealand that explored culturally responsive, sustaining and safe youth mentoring practice for Māori and Pacific/Pasifika rangatahi excluded from mainstream compulsory education.

Fiber-optic temperature sensing using Raman spectrum near Rayleigh peak

This paper presents a high-speed Raman temperature sensor that is highly compatible with current strain sensors. Challenging conventional assumptions, we found that at a communication wavelength of 193 THz, the optimal frequency for measuring Raman scattering power is not the typically dominant 206 THz, linked to stimulated Raman scattering, but rather around 195 THz, in proximity to the Rayleigh scattering peak. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time temperature sensing through the monitoring of power fluctuations in Raman scattering at this particular frequency. © 2024 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.

Further Fractional Hadamard Integral Inequalities Utilizing Extended Convex Functions

This work investigates novel fractional Hadamard integral inequalities by utilizing extended convex functions and generalized Riemann-Liouville operators. By carefully using extended integral formulations, we not only find novel inequalities but also improve the accuracy of error bounds related to fractional Hadamard integrals. Our study broadens the applicability of these inequalities and shows that they are useful for a variety of convexity cases. Our results contribute to the advancement of mathematical analysis and provide useful information for theoretical comprehension as well as practical applications across several scientific directions.

On the formation of Russian pulmonology: the development of the doctrine of lung diseases (first half of the 20th century)

The articles on the history of Russian pulmonology presented in the historical, medical and therapeutic literature contain materials for this history, but their authors did not solve the problem of its consistent presentation, highlighting the stages of formation and founders. The authors of this study critically reviewed the literary and archival primary sources, for the first time proposed the identification of three stages in the development of Russian pulmonology and indicated eight of its founders at these stages. The abundance of material did not allow us to present it in one article. This article is devoted to the 1st stage of the history of pulmonology - the formation of the doctrine of lung diseases. The second (development of pulmonology as an independent scientific direction in internal diseases) and the third (organizational design of pulmonology as a new independent clinical scientific and educational discipline and medical specialty, i.e. its institutionalization) stages will be discussed in the next articles.

Machine learning assists the sensor array constructed by the tri-emission carbon dots to detect multiple metal ions

Metal ions are related to the health of daily life, which urges to be detected and identified by efficient sensors. We first synthesize tri-emission carbon dots for the functional determination of six metal ions and obtain the multi-dimension data to construct the fluorescent sensor array in the work. Inspired by the data-driven method, machine learning is employed in a sensor array to detect and analyze the six metal ions. The ion classification and concentration models are constructed to identify metal ion types and corresponding concentrations. The classification model could correctly discriminate six metal ions, reaching 99.5 % accuracy and the concentration model exhibits an excellent performance range from 30 to 330 μM, with a mean concentration difference value of 0.12 μM and R2 value of 0.9845 for the unknown sample. Furthermore, six metal ions in tap water also can be distinguished with 96 % accuracy and the recovery rate is between 101.89 % and 106.37 %. This work shows that the machine learning combined sensor array has significant advantages in detecting multiple metal ions and provides a novel thought for analyzing sensing data, accelerating the development of data-driven strategies in the sensing field. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.

Intelligent design and realization of sustainable development-oriented garden

The idea of sustainable development has become more important in resolving environmental issues and fostering a healthy coexistence of human endeavors with the natural world. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is expanding across many industries, and it is also advancing in agriculture and the agricultural environment. The planning and design for intelligent gardens using a unique Sunflower Optimized-Enhanced Support Vector Machine (SFO-ESVM) is thoroughly analyzed and researched in this study. The development and plan of intelligent gardens are investigated using agricultural IoT technologies and agricultural landscapes. First, we used the SFO method to select the best garden plan inspired by the mathematical patterns observed in sunflower seed groupings. Next, we use an ESVM model to assess how well each plant species fits into the planned garden. The SFO-ESVM considers several variables, such as soil qualities, climatic information, plant traits, and ecological requirements, to choose the best plants. Additionally, we create an intelligent control system that combines sensors, actuators, and IoT technologies to track and regulate the environmental parameters of the garden. The SFO-ESVM-based conceptual planning and design framework for smart gardens is proposed and systematically extended to give scientific direction for the agricultural IoT of smart gardens. The proposed method was then tested in a real-world garden environment. The outcomes show that the SFO-ESVM framework-based intelligent design and execution of the sustainable development-oriented garden combines ecological principles with innovative optimization methods.

Kernel Paradigms: A Comprehensive Analysis, Applications, and Future Directions in Computer Science

Kernel Paradigms: A Comprehensive Analysis, Applications, and Future Directions in Computer Science

LED light sources with a sun-like emission spectrum for children’s institutions

The article looks more like a scientific-theoretical than an experimental one, so it is proposed to remove the IMRAD structure, especially since it is given only in the summary, but not in the article itself.
 “In Russia, under the national project “Education”, a large-scale program for the construction of schools is underway. About 700 schools have already been built, and if in general for all programs, this is 900 schools..... Many schools have swimming pools, modern canteens...” noted the head of the relevant ministry at a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin at the beginning of 2023. In total, about 750 billion rubles were allocated to finance the program for the construction of new schools. (it includes 454 billion from the federal budget). In total, it is planned to build 1,300 educational institutions, which will have more than 1 million places. In addition to the construction of new schools, the plan provides for the implementation of a program of capital repairs and technical renovation of existing general education institutions by the end of 2026: it will include 7,300 buildings. The pace of capital renovations has also accelerated in 2022–2023: three thousand buildings will be renovated, mainly in rural areas. By 2024, all 27 thousand rural schools, according to modern requirements, will be equipped with modern equipment. In modern schools, it is planned to equip computer classes with modern computing equipment, and energy saving plans provide for the widespread use of LED lighting. The reasons for the negative effects of the light spectrum of LED lighting and personal computer monitors on the health 
 of children and adolescents, in particular the increase in myopia, have not yet been sufficiently studied.
 Analytical, sociological, and statistical methods were used.
 The relationship between physiological and behavioural factors that may lead to decreased vision is described. The restructuring of the work of the visual analyzer, associated with the selection of information in accordance with the models proposed in the social environment has been suggested to contribute to the formation 
 of myopia; with a decrease in one’s own search activity with increased myopia; with an increase in the functioning of internal information processing systems and 
 a decrease in the systems of perception and implementation of actions.
 Limitations. The study was limited to the area of study of the subject of research, materials from the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases and our own experiments.
 Conclusion. The spectral composition of artificial light and its intensity give rise to the prerequisites for the development of myopia or another functional-structural response in the variety of ganglion, amacrine cells, and receptors in the visual analyzer of multicellular animals. The narrow and incomplete spectrum of light from domestic LED lamps cannot be a good choice for the prevention of myopia in children. Considering the diversity of opsins in the human visual analyzer, we have developed and manufactured an artificial, light source using LEDs and phosphors, the spectrum of which considers the spectral photosensitivity of opsins in the human eye and is close as possible to the spectrum of sunlight at a correlated colour temperature of about 4000 and 3000 K. The first one has now been manufactured a batch of lamps, the spectral composition of the emitted light of which has no analogues and is ahead of the world’s best samples in terms of spectrum composition and efficiency level. The spectrum of this light source was demonstrated in a presentation at the Erisman Readings 2023. To elucidate the biological mechanisms of the development of myopia in children, additional efforts are needed within the framework of a new scientific direction - evolutionary hygiene. This will make it possible to establish how small changes in the composition of the light spectrum (emission in the region of 410–450 nm, dip in the region of 480 nm and absence of 380 nm) of artificial sources influenced catastrophic (chaotic) changes at the genetic level of humans and the entire living world.