Ellis Model Research Articles

Exploring adolescents’ digital information-seeking patterns and religious behavior

Generation Z adolescents' religious information-seeking behavior has undergone significant transformations in understanding and studying the patterns of searching, processing, and using religious information. Research gaps exist in local cultural variations on transforming Generazion Z adolescents' religious information-seeking behavior in the digital era, which also occurs in information access patterns, social media platform preferences, and responses to religious content. This study focused on information access using the Ellis Model to analyze the behavior of information search stages: browsing, chaining, filtering, monitoring, and understanding adolescents' religious preferences. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method involving Rohis activists from six high schools in three cities, Medan, Yogyakarta, and Makassar, as research samples. Data were collected through observation and FGD. Study results showed that Generation Z accessed religious information digitally through social media due to its accessibility and interactivity. However, they still referred to local and popular religious figures to clarify and validate religious information. Social media played an important role in shaping religious views despite the challenges of spreading misinformation and disinformation. Their information-seeking behavior reflected a combination of digital exploration and conventional references; adolescents actively utilized, created, and shared religious information. The Ellis Model's relevance in understanding information-seeking behavior in the digital era and cultural variations contributes to information behavior study by highlighting the dynamics of technology use in meeting the younger generation's spiritual needs. Practical implications include recommendations for improving digital literacy through technology-based education and partnerships with religious authorities to provide credible and moderate content.

Thermo-physical properties of non-linear radiative flow of magnetized Ellis fluid comprising analysis of oxytactic microorganisms and nano-enhanced phase materials

The basic aim of existing analysis is to scrutinize the two-dimensional flow regime of Ellis model under the consideration of magnetic field. The effect of thermophoresis as well as Brownian motion for Ellis model with the impacts of parameters like thermal radiation, bioconvection of microorganisms and viscous dissipation are also deliberated. On the other hand, the features of bioconvection have been systematically examined for its extensive uses in microbial developed oil recovery, gas-bearing alluvial basin, bio-microsystems and oil modeling. Under the effects of tension force, viscoelastic materials change according to viscoelastic and elastic illustration. Here we considered it due to hydro-dynamics unevenness and designs within suspension of subjective spinning microbes. Therefore, this paper presents a theoretical and computational evaluation of the unsteady 2D Bioconvection flow of Ellis fluid, which has non-linear radiation features as well as gyro-tactic microorganisms, illuminating the novelty of the work. Here, convective B. Cs are used for the current study, coupled PDEs are changed into coupled ODEs by using some suitable B. Cs and similarity conditions. The acquired ODEs are numerically solved by using bvp4c scheme. Here Physical effects concerning all such parameters are studied in detail and represented graphically. We found that increasing behavior of temperature for higher value of Brownian movement and thermophoresis parameter whereas fall in Prandtl number. The gyrotactic microbes result in reduction for rising values of Peclet number.

Novel treatments for the radiative-magnetive Ellis hybrid nanofluids flow inside stenotic shrinking artery with imposed convective slip boundary conditions and entropy generation: An application in cardiovascular disease

This research delves into the theoretical and computational analysis of blood flow dynamics within a constricted, porous artery using a novel hybrid nanofluid model known as the Ellis model, which incorporates gold and silver nanoparticles. The investigation encompasses a spectrum of physical phenomena, including magnetic effects, Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium flow, viscous dissipation, and non-linear thermal radiation. Additionally, a convective slip boundary condition is applied at the arterial surface. By transforming the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, the study facilitates a comprehensive analysis. Subsequently, employing the bvp4c algorithm in MATLAB enables the numerical solution of these equations, yielding dual solutions for the system. Graphical representations are then utilized to elucidate various profiles, including velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy. The findings highlight intriguing trends, such as the contrasting behaviors of skin friction and Nusselt number between the Au/Blood nanofluid and the Au − Ag/Blood hybrid nanofluid. Dual solutions can not be found beyond the critical values of suction (Sc) and curvature (γc) parameters. The critical values Sc are 2.3554 and 2.3170; γc are 0.2248 and 0.2654 for Au/Blood and Au − Ag/Blood, respectively. Moreover, insights are gained into the influence of magnetic field, Darcy-Forchheimer parameters on velocity reduction and the effect of the Ellis fluid, velocity slip parameters on temperature reduction profile. The heat transference rate increases in the situation of augmentation in shrinking parameyer and thermal radiation effect, which helps remove the toxic plaque from the blood flowing at the surface of the artery. Notably, the study underscores the significance of nanoparticle presence, porous and magnetic field parameters in enhancing entropy near the artery, with implications for cancer treatment and stroke prevention strategies.

Non-similar simulations of Ellis model based ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through porous media

The investigation of nanofluid flow through porous media is an emerging area of research in the optimization of thermal processing and numerous thermodynamic processes. The principal objective of these thermal applications is to examine the movement of ternary hybrid nanofluid across a stretched sheet oriented vertically. The flow being examined is represented mathematically in order to incorporate the influences of magnetic fields, thermal radiation, and viscous dissipation. The ternary hybrid nanofluid thermal performance can be enhanced and surpassed by adding nanoparticles to the base fluid. The non-Newtonian Ellis model takes into account the fluid movement through the porous media. Ferrous oxide ( Fe 3 O 4 ) , Zinc oxide ( ZnO ) , and Molybdenum disulfide ( Mo S 2 ) are regarded as nanoparticles, with ethylene glycol ( EG ) serving as the base fluid. To convert the governing equations into a dimensionless system, suitable non-similar transformations have been established. The local non-similarity (LNS) approach is used with the MATLAB built-in tool bvp4c up to the second truncation level. The physical impacts of dimensionless factors on the temperature and velocity profiles of the studied nanofluids are thoroughly investigated. When the magnetic and porosity parameters change, the velocity profile becomes smaller. The heat transmission rate declines when the assessments of the magnetic number and Eckert number increase. The skin friction coefficient experiences an increase as the estimates of magnetic properties and nanoparticle value rise. The current study holds various practical implications, encompassing Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Waste Heat Recovery, Advanced Cooling Technologies, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, and Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Analysis of the Ellis Model on Information Seeking Behavior of Library Science Department Students of Nusantara Islamic University on the Determination of Internship Places

Information is considered a basic need that supports decision-making. One of the information needs for students themselves is information related to internships. This study aims to analyze the information-seeking behavior of the Department of Library Science students, at Nusantara Islamic University in determining the place of internship using the Ellis Model. The method used is to use a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews and literature studies. The results showed that each student can be said indirectly through the stages of the model. So that factors and influences are known in the decision-making process to determine the internship place that will be chosen by students.

Ellis's model of student information-seeking behavior on Google Scholar

Information seeking leads to interactions within a system. At the same time, interaction patterns can potentially lead to a behavioral tendency and form a unique behavioral pattern. This research aimed to find out how information search behavior was carried out by students of the Library and Information Science Study Program in conducting literature searches on the Google Scholar platform by applying the stages of the Ellis Model. The research method used quantitative with a survey method. The results showed that at the starting stage, the correlation coefficient was moderate; at the chaining stage, the correlation coefficient was moderate; at the browsing stage, the correlation coefficient was below moderate; at the monitoring stage, the correlation coefficient was below moderate; at the differentiating stage, the correlation coefficient was moderate; and at the extracting stage, the correlation coefficient was below moderate. This study concludes that students know the topic they want to search before using Google Scholar. Chaining, browsing, and monitoring are done alternately at almost the same time. Students have observed the correlation coefficient numbers at the chaining, browsing, and monitoring stages; students pay more attention to the chaining stage, namely obtaining keywords. At the differentiating stage, students have begun to filter incoming information and use their ability to distinguish the sources of information obtained, and at the extracting stage, students work through the selected sources to identify all relevant materials.

A model of planned and unplanned information-seeking behaviour

The main purpose of this article is to present a model for information-seeking behaviour with an emphasis on unplanned and planned behaviour of users in using library resources and services. The working method was that, reviewing the literature and previous information behaviour models, such as Wilson, Ellis, Kuhlthau, and Dervin models, this article proposes a novel model of information-seeking behaviour for library users. Our model of information-seeking behaviour was developed by combining the existing models of planned information-seeking behaviour with the focus on the factors affecting unplanned rather than planned behaviour of users in accessing resources or services. Our proposed model for information-seeking behaviour of clients has two main parts. The first part planned behaviour resulting from a problem or a certain information need according to which the user seeks to find information in a planned manner. The second part deals with unplanned behaviour shaped by a hidden or uncertain information need. Finally, both types of behaviour can result in the discovery, extraction, collection and use of information.

Cognitive vulnerability, anxiety, and physical well-being in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: The ATTICA epidemiological study.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between irrational beliefs and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence among apparently healthy adults. The ATTICA study is a population-based, prospective cohort (2002-2012) consisting of 853 participants without evidence of CVD (453 men and 400 women) who underwent psychological evaluations. Participants completed the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. We conducted a factor analysis to develop irrational beliefs factors to evaluate the association between subcategories of irrational beliefs and CVD incidence. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, other psychological factors, and dietary and other lifestyle habits were also evaluated. The incidence of CVD was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. The identified dominant irrational beliefs factor, "cognitive vulnerability to anxiety," consisted of demandingness, perfectionism, emotional irresponsibility, anxious overconcern, dependence on others, and overconcern for the welfare of others, was strongly associated with an increased 10-year CVD risk. Nested multi-adjusted regression analysis revealed that anxiety, as well as negative physical well-being, mediated this relationship, and subset of irrational beliefs predicted CVD risk directly and indirectly through anxiety and negative physical well-being. These findings further map the path through which irrational beliefs can contribute to CVDs and provide insights in favor of preventive healthcare.

Analisis Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan Menggunakan Model Ellis

In searching for information, students themselves are required not only to be successful in searching for information, but also to find quality information and its validity can be accounted for. The existence of the need for information makes many people to obtain information in various ways. The need for information also raises human actions and behavior in obtaining and seeking information. This study uses a qualitative research approach. In terminology according to Baydan and Taylor, a qualitative approach is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words. This research results that students perform information search to meet their information needs. Particularly the need for academic information, such as lecture assignments given by lecturers as well as to fulfill information needs about the basic theory of practicum.
 Keywords: Information Search Behavior, Student, Ellis Model

Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of the Steady Electro-Osmotic Flow of Two Immiscible Fluids: A Biomedical Application

The in vitro fabrication of big osteoarticular implants integrating biomaterials and cells is of tremendous interest because these tissues have a limited ability to regenerate. However, the growth of such cells in vitro is highly problematic, especially later in the culture, when the extracellular matrix has almost filled the initial porous network. Thus, the fluid flow required to properly perfuse the sample cannot be obtained by the hydraulic driving force alone. Fluid pumping is a central concern of a microfluidic system and electro-osmotic pumps (EOPs) are commonly employed for this purpose. Using electro-kinetic equations as a basis, this study analyzed the variations of a two-fluid electro-osmotic flow of viscoelastic fluid flow through a channel. The behavior of the fluid was studied through the Ellis equation. This is how the electro-osmotic pump functions, as demonstrated in the literature that it electrically drags a conducting fluid across a non-conducting fluid through interfacial dragging force along the channel. A steady-state analytical solution for the system in a conducting fluid channel was studied by undertaking an interface planner for fluids exhibiting Newtonian rheological properties. The pumping characteristics were studied in detail by using the Ellis model’s parameters. The fluid rheology was studied, which showed the viability of this technique.

Ascending non-Newtonian long drops in vertical tubes

We report on theoretical and experimental studies describing the buoyancy-driven ascent of a Taylor long drop in a circular vertical pipe where the descending fluid is Newtonian, and the ascending fluid is non-Newtonian yield shear thinning and described by the three-parameter Herschel–Bulkley model, including the Ostwald–de Waele model as a special case for zero yield. Results for the Ellis model are included to provide a more realistic description of purely shear-thinning behaviour. In all cases, lubrication theory allows us to obtain the velocity profiles and the corresponding integral variables in closed form, for lock-exchange flow with a zero net flow rate. The energy balance allows us to derive the asymptotic radius of the inner current, corresponding to a stable node of the differential equation describing the time evolution of the core radius. We carried out a series of experiments measuring the rheological properties of the fluids, the speed and the radius of the ascending long drop. For some tests, we measured the velocity profile with the ultrasound velocimetry technique. The measured radius of the ascending current compares fairly well with the asymptotic radius as derived through the energy balance, and the measured ascent speed shows a good agreement with the theoretical model. The measured velocity profiles also agree with their theoretical counterparts. We have also developed dynamic similarity conditions to establish whether laboratory physical models, limited by the availability of real fluids with defined rheological characteristics, can be representative of real phenomena on a large scale, such as exchanges in volcanic conduits. Appendix B contains scaling rules for the approximated dynamic similarity of the physical process analysed; these rules serve as a guide for the design of experiments reproducing real phenomena.

A Lubrication‐Based Solver for Shear‐Thinning Flow in Rough Fractures

AbstractThe depth‐averaged (2D) lubrication theory is often adopted to simulate Newtonian flow in rough fractures. This approach, which is computationally much less expensive than using 3D CFD solvers, allows addressing large ensembles of stochastic fracture realizations. For creeping flow, the degree of approximation introduced is limited as long as the apertures vary relatively smoothly. We propose the first generalization of this approach addressing the flow of fluids whose rheology, described by the Ellis model, is shear‐thinning (ST) above a crossover shear stress and Newtonian (of viscosity μ0) below. The resulting nonlinear Reynolds equation for pressures is solved for a vast range of realistic rheological parameter values using a novel and specifically designed finite volume‐based numerical model. The spatial discretization takes inspiration from the graph p‐Laplacian to yield a symmetric Newton Jacobian, allowing for a highly efficient inexact implementation of the preconditioned conjugate gradient‐based Newton‐Krylov method. This is combined with a parameter continuation strategy to increase code robustness and ensure global convergence for flow indices as low as 0.1 with an excellent efficiency. This original solver is used to investigate realistic synthetic rough fracture geometries, which exhibits both self‐affinity and a correlation length. The results show that the ST rheology mitigates the effects of aperture heterogeneities, increasing fracture transmissivity by several orders of magnitudes as compared to the Newtonian flow of viscosity μ0 if the imposed macroscopic gradient is sufficiently large, and even rendering the rough fracture up to 10 times more permeable than a smooth fracture of identical mean aperture.

Exploring the Role of Irrational Beliefs, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Educational Status in 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study.

Irrational beliefs, maladaptive emotions, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors can adversely affect health status. However, limited research has examined the association between irrational beliefs and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between irrational beliefs and the 10-year CVD incidence among apparently healthy adults, considering the potential moderating or mediating role of particular social and lifestyle factors. The ATTICA study is a population-based, prospective cohort (2002-2012), in which 853 participants without a history of CVD [453 men (aged 45 ± 13years) and 400 women (aged 44 ± 18years)] underwent psychological evaluations. Among other tools, participants completed the irrational beliefs inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, dietary, and other lifestyle habits were also evaluated. Incidence of CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, or other CVD) was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. Mean IBI score was 53 ± 2 in men and 53 ± 3 in women (p = 0.88). IBI score was positively associated with 10-year CVD risk (hazard ratio 1.07, 95%CI 1.04, 1.13), in both men and women, and more prominently among those with less healthy dietary habits and lower education status; specifically, higher educational status leads to lower IBI score, and in conjunction theylead to lower 10-year CVD risk (HR for interaction 0.98, 95%CI 0.97, 0.99). The findings of this study underline the need to build new, holistic approaches in order to better understand the inter-relationships between irrational beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, social determinants, and CVD risk in individuals.

DIFFICULTIES FACED BY IRAQI EFL LEARNERS IN WRITING COMPOSITION

This research intends to identify the challenges experienced by EFL Iraqi learners at the secondary school level in writing composition as well as the faults of writing committed by those students, taking into account the significance of grammatical knowledge in the writing process. In this research the researchers used quantitative research method. The data source were collected from students in the secondary schools (fourth class) from five schools at Wassit Province. The key instrument in this study is self- research test by designing sample for students to write composition in order to discover the errors of writing that they commit. The compositions written by the students were analyzed qualitatively according to Ellis (1997) model of writing errors in addition to showing the frequency and the percentage of these errors. According to the result, it is figured out that the students face difficulties in learning grammatical structures in writing process. Additionally, as was mentioned by the teacher, there are other circumstances that effect students’ writing of composition such as the time, vocabulary and their dependence on teachers who give them compositions to memorize.

Pola pencarian informasi mahasiswa Program Studi Perpustakaan dan Sains Informasi UKSW menggunakan teori Ellis

Satya Wacana Christian University (SWCU) Library and Information Science Study Program students have studied information science at an early study stage, so they consistently seek information. This study aimed to investigate the information-seeking patterns of the SWCU Library and Information Science Study Program students using Ellis' theory. This study used descriptive quantitative research methods. Determination of respondents used quota sampling for active students from class 2015 to 2019 using Google forms. Based on the study results, respondents searched for information according to information-seeking behavior: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, and extracting activities. Respondents in starting activities can already determine the topic of information before seeking the information needed, with a value of 82.6%. Respondents in chaining activities could relate the information obtained through the initial search, with a value of 83.4%. Respondents in browsing activities could search for information in a structured manner, with a value of 78.4%. Respondents in differentiating activities could categorize the information needed, with a value of 83%. Respondents in monitoring activities always made notes after obtaining the required information development, with a value of 79.1%. Respondents in extracting activities could ensure the accuracy of the information obtained through scanning techniques, with a value of 77.9%. However, there was a shift in the Ellis model of information-seeking patterns because some respondents had several stages of information-seeking. The conclusion is that the development of information technology has influenced the student's information-seeking pattern.

Rayleigh–Bénard Instability of an Ellis Fluid Saturated Porous Channel with an Isoflux Boundary

The onset of the thermal instability is investigated in a porous channel with plane parallel boundaries saturated by a non–Newtonian shear–thinning fluid and subject to a horizontal throughflow. The Ellis model is adopted to describe the fluid rheology. Both horizontal boundaries are assumed to be impermeable. A uniform heat flux is supplied through the lower boundary, while the upper boundary is kept at a uniform temperature. Such an asymmetric setup of the thermal boundary conditions is analysed via a numerical solution of the linear stability eigenvalue problem. The linear stability analysis is developed for three–dimensional normal modes of perturbation showing that the transverse modes are the most unstable. The destabilising effect of the non–Newtonian shear–thinning character of the fluid is also demonstrated as compared to the behaviour displayed, for the same flow configuration, by a Newtonian fluid.

Concurrent characterization of compressibility and viscosity in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with fault diagnoses

Compressibility and viscosity of polymer feedstock are critical to their volumetric flow rate, weld strength, and dimensional accuracy in material extrusion additive manufacturing. In this work, the compressibility and viscosity of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material is characterized with an instrumented hot end design. Experiments are first performed with a blocked nozzle to characterize the compressibility behavior. The results closely emulate the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) behavior of a characterized generic ABS. Experiments are then performed with an open nozzle over a range of volumetric flow rates and temperatures. The static pressure data is fit to power-law, Ellis, and Cross viscosity models and the dynamic melt pressure data is then used to jointly fit material constitutive models for compressibility and viscosity. The results suggest that the joint fitting substantially improves the fidelity relative to the separately characterized viscosity and compressibility. The implemented methods support material extrusion process simulation and control including real-time identification of process faults such as (1) limited melting capacity of the hot end, (2) skipping (grinding) of the extruder drive gears, (3) low initial nozzle temperature, (4) varying flow rates associated with the intermeshing gear tooth velocity profile, and (5) delays and reduced melt pressures due to drool prior to extrusion. The ability to monitor the printing process for faults in real time, such as that presented in this work, is critical to born qualified parts. Additionally, these approaches can be used to screen new materials and identify optimal processing conditions that avoid these process faults. • Detailed design of an instrumented hot end is provided. • Two-stage compression is used to characterize compressibility with a blocked nozzle. • Power law, Ellis, and Cross models are fit to apparent viscosity data generated with a stock nozzle having a diameter of 0.4 mm. • Viscosity and compressibility models are fit by minimizing the error between the input mass flow rate and the modeled fluid capacitance and outlet mass flow rate. • Dynamic melt pressure data reveals significant faults occurring during extrusion.

Irrational Beliefs, Dietary Habits and 10-Year Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes; the ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002-2012).

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary habits and irrational beliefs of apparently healthy individuals in relation to their 10-year diabetes incidence.METHODSThe ATTICA study (2002-2012) is a prospective population-based cohort study, in which 853 participants (453 men (aged 45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (aged 44 ± 18 years)) without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) underwent psychological evaluations. Among other things, participants completed the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a brief, self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, and dietary and other lifestyle habits were evaluated as well. Diagnosis of diabetes at follow-up examination was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association.RESULTSMean IBI score was 53 ± 10 in men and 51 ± 11 in women (p = 0.68). IBI was positively associated with the 10-year type 2 diabetes incidence (hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.25) in both men and women, and even more distinctly associated with participants with the following characteristics: lower education status, married, overweight, smokers, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and unhealthy dietary habits. Especially, participants with increased irrational beliefs and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet were 37% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those with the reverse status (hazard ratio: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.32-5.88).CONCLUSIONSThese data support the need for lifestyle changes towards healthier nutrition which can be achieved by educating people so that they are equipped to recognize false and unhelpful thoughts and thus to prevent negative psychological and clinical outcomes such as mental health disorders and type 2 diabetes.

Rayleigh\u2013B\xe9nard Instability of an Ellis Fluid Saturating a Porous Medium

The Ellis model describes the apparent viscosity of a shear–thinning fluid with no singularity in the limit of a vanishingly small shear stress. In particular, this model matches the Newtonian behaviour when the shear stresses are very small. The emergence of the Rayleigh–Bénard instability is studied when a horizontal pressure gradient, yielding a basic throughflow, is prescribed in a horizontal porous layer. The threshold conditions for the linear instability of this system are obtained both analytically and numerically. In the case of a negligible flow rate, the onset of the instability occurs for the same parametric conditions reported in the literature for a Newtonian fluid saturating a porous medium. On the other hand, when high flow rates are considered, a negligibly small temperature difference imposed across the horizontal boundaries is sufficient to trigger the convective instability.

PERILAKU PENCARIAN INFORMASI MELALUI JURNAL ELEKTRONIK OLEH MAHASISWA PRODI ILMU PERPUSTAKAAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ELLIS

Information seeking behavior is a micro-level search behavior, which is shown by a person when interacting with all types of information systems. This study examines information seeking behavior through electronic journals using the Ellis model which has 8 (eight) stages of information search, namely starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verification, and ending. This study also examines the constraints faced by Library Science students in searching for information through electronic journals. This study uses quantitative methods using purposive sampling technique, with a total of 57 respondents. The results showed that there was a small proportion of Library Science students who did not start, namely collecting initial information through experts, lecturers, or friends. At the chaining stage, some students do not use bibliographies of books, journals, scientific papers and also do not specify keywords before searching. At the browsing stage, a small proportion of students did not limit their search so that the information displayed did not come out of the desired topic. While the obstacles they face in searching for electronic journals are networks that often have problems, difficulty in determining keywords, limited information displayed in electronic journals, limited foreign language skills, and also advertisements that appear in electronic journals.