Elliptical Antenna Research Articles

Marine predator’s algorithm-based linear and elliptical antenna array design for 5G communication

The highly efficient linear and elliptical antenna array design presented in this article is intended to synthesize far-field radiation patterns for 5G communication. The objective is to achieve the best possible radiation pattern, which includes a lower side lobe level (SLL) and a narrower half-power beam width (HPBW). A low SLL is crucial to minimize intervention in the entire side lobe region, whereas long-distance communication requires a low HPBW. The marine predator’s algorithm (MPA) is used here to determine the optimal feeding currents to each array element to reduce the SLL and HPBW values. Two linear antenna array (LAA) design examples and the three elliptical antenna array (EAA) design examples are discussed in this article which are achieved using the optimal current excitations to each array element. Two well-established evolutionary optimization techniques, namely the genetic algorithm (GA) and the differential evolution (DE) technique, are also employed for comparison to demonstrate the superiority of the MPA optimization-based technique. The results achieved utilizing the MPA show the improvement of SLL contraction compared to the uniform antenna array and the methods affirmed in the recently published article.

Concentric Elliptical Antenna Array Synthesis using Sine Cosine Algorithm for Reducing the Sidelobe level

This paper employs the Sine Cosine Algorithm, a recent meta-heuristic method, to enhance the radiation properties of concentric elliptical antenna arrays in far-field applications, such as smart grid wireless communication and the Internet of Things. It focuses on minimizing the Sidelobe Level, a key parameter in antenna radiation, to mitigate unwanted signals and interference. The proposed method, known for its global optimization effectiveness, tackles the challenge of designing sparse multiple concentric elliptical arrays. By using the Sine Cosine Algorithm, the inter-element spacing and optimal determination of amplitude coefficients are achieved, resulting in a radiation pattern with reduced sidelobe level. To showcase the adaptability and superior performance of our proposed algorithm, we systematically evaluated its effectiveness across four distinct sets of concentric elliptical antenna arrays. These arrays comprise varying numbers of elements: (6, 12, 18 elements, 6, 12, 18, 24 elements, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 elements and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 elements) with and without a central element. Using the sine cosine algorithm, we synthesize arrays and compare their sidelobe level and First Null Beam Width values with those from recent methods. Our findings consistently shows that the proposed algorithm consistently outperforms alternatives, yielding significantly lower sidelobe level values in all comparisons.

Synthesis of concentric circular antenna array for reducing the sidelobe level by employing sine cosine optimization algorithm

AbstractThe sine cosine algorithm (SCA), a meta‐heuristic optimization method, is used in this study to provide a precise linear and elliptical antenna array design for synthesizing the ideal far‐field radiation pattern in the fifth‐generation (5G) communication spectrum. The wireless communication system will undergo dramatic changes thanks to the forthcoming 5G technology, which offers exceptionally high data rates, increased capacity, reduced latency, and outstanding service quality. The most important component of 5G communications is an accurate antenna array design for an optimum far‐field radiation pattern synthesis with a suppressed sidelobe level (SLL) value and half power beam width (HPBW). While long‐distance communication necessitates a low HPBW, the entire side lobe area needs a suppressed SLL to prevent interference. The SCA is used in this case to the optimal feeding currents applied to each array member in the design examples of the concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) discussed in this article. It shows the litheness and attainment of the propound algorithm named SCA, chosen CCAAs with three rings and varying amounts of components or antenna array sets those are stated as follows: Set I (4, 6, 8 elements), Set II (8, 10, 12 elements), Set III (6, 12, 18 elements), Set IV (8, 14, 20 elements) with and without the center element are amalgamate. Apply the PSO, Jaya, and SCA optimization algorithms for all four Sets of antenna arrays and compare the attained results; the SLL values achieved by the SCA technique are contrasted with those of other current optimization techniques. The outcomes of all examinations reveal that the SCA algorithm achieved a superior SLL reduction over other optimization techniques.

Design, Simulation and Analysis of Circular and Elliptical Antennas for 5G Applications

This research examines the design and simulation of both circular and elliptical microstrip antennas tailored for use in 5G technology, utilizing Ansoft HFSS software. The study assesses these antennas on parameters such as bandwidth, gain, and radiation patterns, aiming to meet the complex frequency demands of 5G networks. The findings suggest that circular antennas provide consistent omnidirectional coverage, whereas elliptical antennas excel in targeted coverage, essential for effective 5G communications. Moreover, elliptical antennas demonstrate significant benefits in point-to-point communications through adjustable radiation patterns. The paper offers insights into refining these antenna designs to cater to diverse 5G networking needs and proposes specific design changes to enhance their performance.

Filtenna Designed with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for Ultra-wideband Applications

In microwave imaging applications, filter and antenna are the key components as front-end devices and function independently. Antenna radiates and receives signals to or from nearby scattered objects while filter is used to suppress unwanted signals noise before and after the required bandwidth. Current antennas suffer from high loss, bandwidth limitation and impedance mismatch and deteriorate their performance near the band-edges if connected as a stand-alone device. Due to the current trend towards simplicity and size reduction, researchers are focusing on integrating the filter and antenna into a single module called integrated filter-antenna (IFA) or filtering antenna (filtenna). These would improve the noise performance of the system and pre-filtering requirements such as complexity algorithm in inverse scattering techniques This paper introduces a novel contribution in the field of UWB antenna design by incorporating Defected Ground Structure (DGS) on both the antenna and filter. Thus, the main aim of this research is to conduct detail parametric studies of the proposed integrated filter-antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) to enhance the performance of imaging system. The proposed IFA will be analysed on Rogers RO4003C dielectric substrate by using EM tool, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and measured using R&S Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) filter and UWB elliptical antenna are designed and examined in detail before combining the devices. Different types of DGS are designed and act as the ground layer of the proposed filtering antenna. The bandwidth of each design is then compared with and without the existence of DGS. The results show that the proposed IFA with DGS implementation achieve the targeted objective, with compact size, enhanced bandwidth and better performance compared to the conventional design of filter and antenna. By integrating filter and antenna into one subsystem, it can help to reduce the loss and enhancing the bandwidth of the system thus letting the antenna to operate at more different frequencies that fall within the range. Both simulated and measured results prove that by integrating filter and antenna into one module, a low loss and larger bandwidth can be accomplished. High performance compact IFA can act as microwave transceiver to improve the overall performance of the microwave imaging system, MIS.

Synthesis of phase-only thinned concentric elliptical antenna arrays based on the topology optimization continuous 0–1 differentiation

Synthesis of phase-only thinned concentric elliptical antenna arrays based on the topology optimization continuous 0–1 differentiation

An efficient linear and elliptical antenna array design using sail fish optimization

Abstract This article introduces an innovative approach to antenna array design, focusing on synthesizing the optimal radiation pattern for fifth-generation (5G) communication. The authors have designed a reliable linear and elliptical antenna array (EEA) of dipole elements by employing sailfish optimization (SFO). 5G technology promises transformative improvements in wireless communication with high data rates, expanded capacity, minimal latency, and exceptional service quality. The crux of 5G lies in the precision of antenna array design, aiming for an emission pattern with minimal side lobe levels (SLLs) and a narrow half-power beam width (HPBW). A narrower HPBW is essential for efficient long-range communication, whereas reducing the SLLs enhances signal clarity. The SFO optimizes the current excitation of each antenna element for reducing the mutual coupling effects and lowering the SLL and HPBW values in linear and EEAs. This paper uses the exact excitation to each element to show the linear antenna arrays (LAA) (10-, 16-element) design examples and EAA (8-, 12-, 20-element) structures. The LAA and EAA design examples obtained with the SFO algorithm establish the advancement in SLL suppression over the uniform antenna array and the methods proclaimed in the recent article.

Synthesis of Elliptical Antenna Array using Hybrid SSWOA Algorithm

In terms of research, the elliptical antenna arrays (EAA) synthesis is relatively novel. As it does not have to be circular in construction, this novel synthesis can maneuver the primary beam in the right direction, making it easier to realize. The amplitude and angular location of the ellipse, as well as the eccentricity of the ellipse, are all taken into account in the optimization process. The proposed hybrid algorithm is the SSWOA (Salp Swarm Whale Optimization Algorithm), which combines the Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSA) with the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The SSA algorithm serves as a guide, while the WOA algorithm serves as a helper in this method. We discover that optimization has a faster convergence time and high convergence accuracy when considering the benefits of SSA and WOA and applying them to the synthesis of antenna array layouts. If Griewank, Rosenbrock, Sphere, and Rastrigin test functions are used, it’s worth noting that the hybrid method outperforms both WOA and SSA.

An optimal linear and elliptical antenna array design using black widow optimisation for 5G communication

SummaryThis research illustrates a precise linear and elliptical antenna array design for synthesising the optimal far‐field radiation pattern in the fifth‐generation (5G) communication spectrum using a meta‐heuristic optimisation technique known as black widow optimisation (BWO). 5G communication is an emerging technology with revolutionary changes in the wireless communication system with ultra‐high data rate, enhanced capacity, low latency and good quality of service. An accurate antenna array design for an ideal far‐field radiation pattern synthesis with a suppressed side lobe level (SLL) value and half power beam width (HPBW) is the most crucial aspect of 5G communications. A suppressed SLL is necessary to reduce interference in the entire side lobe region, whereas a low HPBW is required for long‐distance communication. Here, the BWO is employed to find the optimal feeding current to each array element to lower the SLL and the HPBW value. The BWO algorithm sustains impeccable equity between the exploration and exploitation stages to impact different potential regions of the search space and generate new solutions to attain the global optima by evading the trap of local optima. The design examples of the linear antenna array (LAA) and elliptical antenna array (EAA) are illustrated in this article by applying the optimal feeding currents to each array element. Compared to the uniform antenna array and methodologies described in the recently published literature, the results obtained utilising the BWO algorithm for designing the LAAs and EAAs demonstrate a substantial development in the reduction of SLL and HPBW.

CPW-fed dual-element metamaterial inspired multiband antenna using simple FSS for gain enhancement

This article presents a dual-element metamaterial-inspired co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed elliptical antenna using a simple compact frequency selective surface (FSS) for multiband wireless applications. The designed antenna is fabricated on a cheap FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4) with 40 × 40×1.6 mm3 dimensions. Dual complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) loaded in the CPW ground create multiband characteristics, which are analyzed using the quasi-static design equations and the ANSYS HFSS EM simulator. FSS has been proposed as a reflector for the antenna to increase its gain. The FSS unit cell's angular stability has been analyzed using transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, and it has been determined to be 60°. The FSS integrated antenna offers measured bandwidths of 2.67 – 3.38 GHz (23.66 %), 3.77 – 4.17 GHz (10.25%), 4.91 – 5.93 GHz (19.61 %), and 7.28 – 8.93 GHz (20.24 %). The FSS integrated antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns in all resonating bands with the highest gain of 9.72 dBi and measured radiation efficiency greater than 91 % in all the bands. The reported 'antenna with FSS' is appropriate for multiband wireless technologies as it covers IEEE 802.16 WiMAX, n77 5G NR, 5G Wi-Fi, WLAN, ISM and satellite spectrums.

Study on FR4 substrate backed flaring antenna structure for wideband applications

A class of planar antenna which offers better performance over broad band of frequencies that fits itself in wide range of applications are in need of research. The license free band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz that do not cause interference to narrowband signals is chosen as operating range of frequencies for the chosen Vivaldi antenna. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the remodeling of a mathematical equations for elliptic antenna structure and the study of the Vivaldi antenna operating over the frequency range between 2.63 GHz to 14.58 GHz that lies in Super High Frequency (SHF) bands – S, C and X bands. The designed antenna is fabricated and its radiation characteristics are studied and analyzed. Purpose. Analysis of the designed antenna on the basis of an elliptical curve mathematical model will allow the antenna to operate over wide band of frequencies thus extending its applications over the areas of application in the areas of satellite communication, military, weather radar, surface ship radar. Methods. The antenna is being designed using HFSS software and fabricated antenna is being tested at anechoic chamber. Results. A mathematical model of a structure of Vivaldi antenna was developed and studied. The performance measures of designed antenna such as return loss, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern are simulated and analyzed. The antenna is being fabricated and tested using vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber. Practical value. The analysis of designed antenna over wide band of frequencies is demonstrated. The further research directions of the designed antenna can be extended for the subsequent implementation of the results in suitable applications.

Synthesis of new antenna arrays with arbitrary geometries based on the superformula

<span lang="EN-US">The synthesis of antenna arrays with low sidelobe levels is needed to enhance the communication systems’ efficiency. In this paper, new arbitrary geometries that improve the ability of the antenna arrays to minimize the sidelobe level, are proposed. We employ the well-known superformula equation in the antenna arrays field by implementing the equation in the general array factor equation. Three metaheuristic optimization algorithms are used to synthesize the antenna arrays and their geometries; antlion optimization (ALO) algorithm, grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), and a new hybrid algorithm based on ALO and GOA. All the proposed algorithms are high-performance computational methods, which proved their efficiency for solving different real-world optimization problems. 15 design examples are presented and compared to prove validity with the most general standard geometry: elliptical antenna array (EAA). It is observed that the proposed geometries outperform EAA geometries by 4.5 dB and 10.9 dB in the worst and best scenarios, respectively, which proves the advantage and superiority of our approach.</span>

Sidelobe level suppression for elliptical antenna arrays using modified SALP swarm algorithm

Abstract In this study, a modified version of salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) is used to synthesize elliptical antenna arrays (EAAs). The original salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by the behavior of salps in nature, which is used to solve engineering problems. The main purpose of the synthesis in this study is to obtain an EAA pattern with low maximum sidelobe levels (MSLs) for a fixed narrow first null beamwidth (FNBW). For different examples, the amplitude and angular position values of the antenna array elements are considered as optimization parameters. To show the effectiveness of the MSSA, eight examples of EAAs with 8, 12, and 20 elements are given. The results obtained with MSSA are compared with those of the antlion optimization, symbiotic organizations search, flower pollination algorithm, and accelerated particle swarm optimization from the literature. It is clear from the numerical results that MSSA outperforms the other algorithms in terms of the suppression of MSL.

A wideband omnidirectional planar filtenna for 5 GHz WLAN application

This paper presents a wideband planar filtenna based on the filter synthesis technique. The proposed filtenna consists of a third order hairpin line resonator filter coupled with an elliptical antenna. One arm of the last resonator of hairpin line resonator along with the extended feed arm of an antenna constitute an admittance inverter, which provides better integration between filter and antenna. The measured results show that the proposed filtenna exhibits a filtering response with impedance bandwidth of 26.5% (4.19–5.47 GHz), flat passband gain, good selectivity at band edges and omnidirectional radiation pattern well suited for WLAN application.

Different Feeding Techniques of Elliptical Patch Antenna at X Band for Radar Applications

Different Feeding Techniques of Elliptical Patch Antenna at X Band for Radar Applications

Extremely Wideband Semi Elliptical Antenna for 5G Application

Extremely Wideband Semi Elliptical Antenna for 5G Application

DESIGN OF ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA WITH NOTCHED BANDS TO REJECTING UNWANTED BANDWIDTH

Design of Ultra-Wideband ring patch antenna with a band notch is presented in this study. The elliptical antenna is modified to Ultra-wideband at a range (3.1-10.6) GHz using a Microstrip patch antenna with the feedline impedance 50 ohm and rectangular each side of the elliptical patch has a slot. The dimensions optimized by the sweep parameter for the proposed antenna are (40 x 40 x 1.6) mm3 to provide a band notch and remove the (3.1–3.7 GHz) WiMAX band and (7.1 GHz) X-band, a rectangular-shaped slot etched on the patch is used. Inserting slots changing the current distribution is used in the patch to control the band notches. The results demonstrate that the suggested X-band and WiMAX designs are removed, with a 5.35dB peak gain and an omnidirectional radiation pattern, and suited for UWB.

Integration and Prototyping of a Pulsed RF Oscillator with an UWB Antenna for Low-Cost, Low-Power RTLS Applications.

The goal of this paper is to present a compact low-cost and low-power prototype of a pulsed Ultra Wide Band (UWB) oscillator and an UWB elliptical dipole antenna integrated on the same Radio Frequency (RF) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and its digital control board for Real Time Locating System (RTLS) applications. The design is compatible with IEEE 802.15.4 high rate pulse repetition UWB standard being able to work between 6 GHz and 8.5 GHz with 500 MHz bandwidth and with a pulse duration of 2 ns. The UWB system has been designed using the CST Microwave Studio transient Electro-Magnetic (EM) circuit co-simulation method. This method integrates the functional circuit simulation together with the full wave (EM) simulation of the PCB’s 3D model allowing fast parameter tuning. The PCB has been manufactured and the entire system has been assembled and measured. Simulated and measured results are in excellent agreement with respect to the radiation performances as well as the power consumption. A compact, very low-power and low-cost system has been designed and validated.

Electromagnetic waves scattering from an infinite elliptical metal cylinder covered by a plasma layer in presence of external magnetic field

In this paper, scattering of the electromagnetic waves from a metal elliptical cylinder covered by a plasma layer is investigated by the Finite Element-Boundary Integral (FE-BI) method. The under study object that can be supposed as an elliptic complex antenna is located in a constant magnetic field. The inner cylinder can be rotated to plasma cover so that they are nonconfocal. Generally, elliptic antennas have azimuthal asymmetry and their response to electromagnetic waves is sensitive to incident angle of landing wave. This effect is more severe in under study antenna due to its geometrical configuration that depends on the rotating angle of the conducting core related to plasma cover. Furthermore, presence of constant magnetic field along the antenna axis causes permittivity tensor of the plasma as an influential factor in radar cross section, becomes anisotropic. Here, backscattering radar cross section (BRCS) of the antenna is calculated when irradiated by TE and TM waves under different incident angles. It will be shown how one can control BCRS of the antenna by varying its configuration and the external magnetic field intensity. Validation of numerical computations applied in this work is demonstrated by comparing it with an analytical method for a special case.

An Elliptical CPW Fed UWB Slot Antenna

A new CPW fed elliptical antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) is proposed. The novelty of this antenna are very small size and uniplanar structure, which results in easy and low cost fabrication. This antenna has elliptical slot configuration which is fed by the CPW. This elliptical slot UWB antenna is enclosed in the extended surface of ground for decreasing the chip surface area. This antenna is designed with the optimal design parameters for the UWB spectrum. The designed antenna is printed on FR4 substrate and Vector Network Analyser is used for measuring return loss. The results of measurement results are similar to simulation results. The complete chip volume of antenna is 18.3 × 23 × 1.6 mm3.