Elite Formation Research Articles

Transversalities and elective affinities in the formation of the scientific elite in the field of climate change

Resumo O presente artigo pretende apontar as formas de reconversão das elites científicas que mais recentemente se ajustaram à nova agenda de pesquisa das mudanças climáticas. É possível perceber como a entrada da problemática das mudanças climáticas na política científica recente possibilitou um reordenamento de projetos e linhas de pesquisa no Brasil, favorecendo o estabelecimento de grupos científicos melhor adaptados à temática. O caso do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Inpe) permite identificar as afinidades eletivas entre elites da meteorologia e do clima à nova agenda científica. Foi feita uma prosopografia com os grupos em ascensão na área de estudos climáticos entre as décadas de 1990 e 2010, apontando os principais expoentes desses grupos de pesquisa e sua associação com projetos de pesquisa internacionais de mudanças climáticas. Ao final da discussão, percebe-se uma forte concentração de capital científico na área de mudanças climáticas e uma tendência a privilegiar grupos já consolidados e com alta internacionalização.

Turkic elite of the Golden Horde

The article analyzes the formation of the Turkic political elite, their features and position in the complex and large-scale management system of the Golden Horde.The administrative structure of the Golden Horde had its own characteristics in comparison with all the states that emerged after the collapse of the Mongol Empire. Including the active role of nomadic Turkic-Mongolian aristocrats in the structure of the administration of the Golden Horde and its social and political life, was reflected in the ranks of the military aristocracy (noyons, beks, emirs). In the article, the main attention in the analysis of the activities of the Turkic political elite was paid to the information of geneology, heroic epics and legends, as well as medieval written sources. Information from written sources was compared with samples of historical epics and Kazakh genealogies. The article analyzes several ways and factors that contributed to the transformation of natives of nomadic Turkic-Mongolian tribes into the political elite of the Golden Horde. The Beks, who came from local tribes, went down in history as influential figures who played a special role in the history of the Golden Horde.As a result of Kypchakization, the ideology of Genghis Khan underwent changes. However, it formed its worldview in the post-Golden Horde, including in the late period of the Kazakh Khanate, and remained in the history of our people to this day in the form of legends, epics, architectural monuments.

Models of the formation and work of the Ukrainian elite of Western Volyn (1921–1939)

Models of the formation and work of the Ukrainian elite of Western Volyn (1921–1939)

Regional political process: features, structure and influence of political elites

The article analyzes the features of regional political processes. The process of transformation costs in the political process is shown. The influence of the level and quality of political elites on the decision-making process is shown. The process of elite formation, including recruitment, imitating institutionalization, is considered. The role of social institutions for entering into power is shown. The differentiation methods and ways of recruiting political elites are exposed, the principles of elites (formal and informal) are outlined.

Comprehensive Model for the Formation of Quality Managerial Elite According to the Principle of Meritocracy

An innovative approach to the formation of an effective managerial elite capable of organizing the Ukrainian nation on its way to civilizational development and accession to the EU with its own "face" is considered. The technological possibilities of implementing the meritocracy principle (based on merit) in the education system and the field of labor, including among the authorities, are shown.Based on the analysis of elites' theory, two of their main concepts related to management, which are the subject of research, are defined. The first is the value elite, which consists of the best representatives with their respective qualities. The second, the most widespread, are citizens in power, who exert managerial influence in all spheres of social organization. The article proposes a solution to the problem of the formation of a quality elite by combining these two concepts by introducing a four-stage model of the formation of a quality managerial elite based on the principles of meritocracy, which is associated with institutional changes in the system of public administration and education in the direction of their transition to a culture of system management based on final results.Technologies for determining the final results of organizations' activities at each level, where those results are naturally manifested in the process of training or labor, are considered. At the same time, the fact that the determination of the final results is possible thanks to the digitalization of educational and labor processes using factor-criterion quality metrics, which allows the expression of the final results digitally in the form of indices, is highlighted.It has been proven that the final results at the first basic level of education (school) are indices of the competitiveness of the graduates. The second degree (higher education) are indices of competitiveness of the graduates of higher education institutions. At the third level of labor activity are indices of qualification, taking into account large-scale thinking and knowledge of "related work" (to be engaged in the business to which one is attracted and tends to be attracted). At the fourth stage of postgraduate education are indices of scientific training of applicants for high management positions. An educational and thematic plan for the training of specialists for entering the managerial elite of the national level is proposed, aimed at clarifying the new human-centered management course of the civilizational development of post-war Ukraine.The article proves that the principle of meritocracy (based on merit) is implemented in education thanks to the participation of many "experts" (teachers, students themselves, their parents, fellow students, and teachers) in diagnosing the resulting activity of education seekers. And a benefit is the control of previous results by obtaining the next ones in senior classes. Successes in labor activities are recorded by actually achieved results that are not directly influenced by money, social status, or connections with influential people.

Pedigreed Legends as a Way of Integration of the Political Elite in the XVI Century

The article analyzes the role of pedigreed legends in the formation of political and managerial elites in Russia of the XVI century. The need to recruit, circulate and consolidate the elites at that time led to the formation of the institution of pedigree legends, which allowed the nobility to lengthen and elevate their origin. The article analyzes the pedigree of the legend about the origin of the Ratsha from which many noble families had their origin. The authors conclude that the supreme power actively used pedigreed legends in its symbolic policy.

Domestic economic elites as an intellectual and innovative mechanism for increasing the competitiveness of companies in the conditions of global social transformations

The article presents the results of research into the interdisciplinary issues of the formation and development of intra-economic elites as a key innovative-intellectual mechanism and a corporate resource for ensuring the competitiveness of companies under modern conditions. The need for the selection and continuous development of intra-economic elites, the dissemination of the best corporate practices with the help of focused, highly effective educational technologies has been defined and substantiated. In order to build a consistent process of forming and increasing the intellectual and innovative potential of companies, the feasibility of using micro-qualifications or micro-credit approaches to the educational training of the most effective groups of employees of companies that form or have been included in the intra-economic elite is substantiated.

Serhii Pylypenko is a "student of the revolution". The Ukrainian writer's years of study at St. Volodymyr University

Purpose: based on sources of personal origin, archival documents and historiographical achievements, to investigate the student years of study at the University of St. Volodymyr of the Ukrainian writer and public figure Serhii Volodymyrovych Pylypenko. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, which made it possible to consider the processes of development of Ukrainian higher education at the beginning of the 20th century. Relying on the deductive method and establishing cause-and-effect relationships, it was possible to analyze the impact of the scientific and educational process on the development of the personality of Serhiy Pylypenko as a representative of the Ukrainian national elite in the 1920s –1930s. Scientific novelty. For the first time in historiography. comprehensively analyzed the student years of one of the key figures of the Ukrainian cultural life of the first third of the 20th century. – Serhiy Pylypenko, as a stage in the formation of his personality and creative genius. The influence of higher education in the revolutionary years on the formation of the constellation of the Ukrainian national elite was traced through a specific anthropometric measurement. The relevance stems from the task of comprehensively defining the role and place of the representatives of the "Shooted Revival" in the development of Ukrainian cultural life in the first third of the last century during complex revolutionary and state-building processes. The formation and development of the personal and creative potential of the Ukrainian national elite dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. and requires a careful study of the synthesis of educational influence and revolutionary events on the construction of the creative layer, which later became the driving force of the Ukrainian National Renaissance. Conclusions. Sources of personal origin, "Personal file of a student of the University of St. Volodymyr Serhiy Pylypenko" and other documents covered in as much detail as possible the peculiarities of student life and the educational process in one of the most powerful educational institutions of the Kyiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis made it possible to single out both the general features of the years of "revolutionary studentship" in the 1910s, which played their role in the formation of the Ukrainian national elite as a whole, and to determine their influence on the formation of the personality of the "ploughman" of Ukrainian literature Serhiy Pylypenko.

Management relations: Factors of influence, areas of improvement

The theoretical features of managerial relations as the interaction of subjects and objects at all levels of the economy are considered. The key aspects of these relations are formulated. Possible formats of managerial relations are proposed, as well as a number of conditions for their improvement. The complex of factors influencing the quality of managerial relations is considered. Among these factors are: forms of realization of property rights; the state of the productive forces of society; implemented mechanisms for the formation of managerial elites. A more detailed grouping of influencing factors is presented. At the same time, the role of such factors as mutual responsibility and common economic interests of the state and business is noted. The critique of foreign economic models in the context of the tasks of improving managerial relations in the Russian economy is given.

МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОСТЬ ПРЕДМЕТНОСТИ И МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛИТ

The growth of scientific interest in the study of political elites is accompanied by the expansion of theoretical and methodological discussions. The variety of methodological apparatus and methodological approaches used in elitological research requires a comprehensive analysis. Based on the study of an array of publications, the interdisciplinarity of elitology in general and the phenomenon of political elites in particular is determined. It is shown that the subjectivity of political elites, their properties, development trends are revealed through the application of interdisciplinary methodology. The levels of interdisciplinary methodology are highlighted in order to ensure the completeness and consistency of the study of political elites. The proposed approach can be used to study various aspects of the formation and functioning of political elites.

The Origin of the Ryazan-Oka Cruciform Fibulae and the Genesis of the Local Military Elite

The study of the Ryazan-Oka culture has been going on for more than 100 years. Its main area is the Middle Pooch, with a significant tendency to dominate in the Volga-Oka interfluve from the first centuries of our era until the 60s of the VII century AD. With some degree of hypotheticism, the Ryazan-Oka center, along with the Old Ladoga, can be considered as one of the points of laying the foundations of the Old Russian statehood. The author's team sets itself the task of clarifying certain issues of the formation of the Ryazan-Oka elite on the basis of the latest DNA data and studying the most important cultural artifacts - the cross-shaped fibulae of elite warriors.The scientific novelty of the research is the combination of the study of objects of material culture with the latest DNA data. The study showed that the genesis of the most important attribute of the Ryazan-Oka elite - cross-shaped fibulae - can be associated with the shores of the Western Baltic and the North Sea (including Scandinavia). DNA data indicate the possible origin of a part of the military elite from the shores of the Baltic and the Northwestern part of the Eastern European Plain. Thus, it is quite legitimate to raise the question of migrations (of population and material culture) to the Ryazan-Oka area from the northwest. The latter could have an East Germanic, Baltic, Early Slavic, Baltic-Finnish linguistic affiliation.

Formation of the Regional Political Elite of Vinnytsia Region

The article examines the process of regional political elite formation of Vinnytsia region in the context of Ukrainian state formation based on the analysis of the results of national and local elections held in the constituencies of Vinnytsia region, biographies of deputies from the region as well as deputies of Vinnytsia regional and city councils, heads of Vinnytsia regional state administration, heads of district state administrations and district councils of the region. The author provides the definition for the regional political elite and outlines the ways of its set up, offers the model of its modern structure for Vinnytsia region.Also, it was determined that at the beginning of the existence of an independent Ukraine, a key role in the formation of the new regional political elite was played by the people from the «nomenklatura» and former leaders of the Soviet enterprises. The obtained data confirms, that this social group was the main pool of recruitment of heads of Vinnytsia Regional State Administration and District State Administrations of Vinnytsia region until the mid-2000s, and the traditions they introduced into modern political culture influenced the formation of political and economic groups (clans) and the dominance of neopatrimonial relations in the interaction between different actors.As defined, people from different spheres of economic and socio-political life of the region participate in the formation of the modern regional political elite of Vinnytsia region. In particular, they are representatives of the economic elite (business owners, managers of private and state enterprises), party elite, elites of mass media and public organizations, and intellectual elite (heads and employees of science, education, medicine and culture). The tendency to increase the number of business representatives in these authorities while reducing the number of heads of state authorities, local governments and utilities was shown by the example of the Vinnytsia Regional Council of II, III, VII convocations and Vinnytsia City Council of VI and VII convocations; a consistently high level of the number of people from the intellectual elite in the regional and city councils was noted. Special attention is paid to the penetration of media and public sector figures into the power institutions as well as to their influence on the formation of the political agenda of the region.

Is there an old girls’ network? Girls’ schools and recruitment to the British elite

Private schools have long played a crucial role in male elite formation but their importance to women’s trajectories is less clear. In this paper, we explore the relationship between girls’ private schools and elite recruitment in Britain over the past 120 years – drawing on the historical database of Who’s Who, a unique catalogue of the elite. We find that alumni of elite girls schools have been around 20 times more likely than other women to reach elite positions. They are also more likely to follow particular channels of elite recruitment, via the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, private members clubs and elite spouses. Yet such schools have also consistently been less propulsive than their male-only counterparts. We argue this is rooted in the ambivalent aims of girls elite education, where there has been a longstanding tension between promoting academic achievement and upholding traditional processes of gendered social reproduction.

“Socratic Remnant” versus “Creative Democracy”: Irving Babbitt’s Anti-Deweyan Vision of Leadership

This article reimagines the role of universities in American public life today by examining two early twentieth-century critics of the research university. Both worried that the new educational system could fracture democratic society, but they drew opposite conclusions about the positive role of universities. Irving Babbitt led a New Humanist school that made the case for liberal learning as a good in itself, but one also capable of cultivating an ethic of self-restraint through the study of classical texts. This would serve to train leaders who could question democracy’s impulse for self-gratification. He fiercely criticized John Dewey, who argued that learning must be practical and experimental because truths are not received as a canon but created through living together. This article demonstrates that Babbitt’s corpus develops a unified educational and political theory for elite formation by linking Socratic psychology and the constitutional order of the United States.

The Formation of the Early Petrine Military Elite: Belgorod Razryad Voivodes

This article examines some aspects underlying the formation process of the early Petrine military elite referring to the careers of three military leaders who advanced to higher positions in the late seventeenth century (A. S. Shein, B. P. Sheremetev, and Prince Ya. F. Dolgorukov). They were almost the same age, their starting positions were comparable, and they climbed up the career ladder in voivodeship traditional for the aristocracy differently, depending on the circumstances and the political situation that seriously affected their careers. Referring to a considerable amount of new archival material and synthesising the latest historiographic information, the author demonstrates the influence of the political crisis of 1682 on their career trajectories. Also, the author examines the differences in their life paths at the initial stage of the Russian-Turkish war of 1686–1700, the acquisition of diplomatic experience by B. P. Sheremetev and Ya. F. Dolgorukov during these years; and their participation in the Azov campaigns. The author reveals the uneven nature of Ya. F. Dolgorukov’s career, as he received the boyar rank much later than his younger colleagues. The author notes not only the commanding but also the outstanding administrative merits of the voivodes, whose appearance as part of the military-political elite was, among other things, a reflection of the objective process of a generational change. The author concludes that the most significant step in their acquisition of military leadership and the military organisational experience was the leadership of the Belgorod razryad – the largest unit of Russia’s field army in the second half of the seventeenth century and the most significant military administrative district, most closely involved in the “great wars” of Russia in the second half of the seventeenth century.

Conflict and Elite Formation in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia

AbstractThe article focuses on a comparative analysis of conflict and elite formation in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia; it argues that societal conflicts in Southeast Asia are grounded in the historical formation of elite social structures within differing sociocultures and that major and long-lasting societal conflicts—both violent and non-violent—occur in social spaces between ‘power elite’ groups. Additionally, it shows how up-and-coming elite groups are recruited from the fringes of the old hierarchy, which is why they are—in many respects—social hybrids of old and new sociocultures. Moreover, after those new arrivals were elevated into the ‘power elite’, the window for upward mobility rapidly re-closed.

FUNCTIONS OF THE INTELLECTUAL ELITE IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF SOCIETY

The article analyzes the functions and role of the intellectual elite in political life. It is established that in a democratic society the intellectual elite plays a significant role, influencing all spheres of public life, including political life, including the formation of political elite, political consciousness and political culture of society, prioritizing its development and forecasting socio-political transformations. The division of the functions of the intellectual elite into four blocks is proposed. The main blocks of the functions of the intellectual elite in political life include: informing the public and explaining political processes and phenomena, forming political consciousness and political culture, goal setting in the development of society in general and the political system in particular, integration of society and rationalization of socio-political order. It is determined that the first block includes cognitive, consultative, controlling function, as well as critical reflection on vital areas of the social system. It was found that the second block of tasks of the intellectual elite is represented by the axiological function and the function of enrichment and development of intellectual culture (as a resource for the political development of society). It is established that the third functional unit consists of strategic, managerial and innovation functions. It is shown that the fourth block is represented by communicative, integrative, stabilizing, prognostic functions, as well as the function of structuring a new hierarchy and inequality and the function of rationalizing the existing order. It is substantiated that the main specific functions of the intellectual elite in Ukraine are related to the current political situation. In particular, it is determined that such functions as the preservation of spiritual values, transmission of knowledge and ideas, the ability to serve society, informing it, assistance in assessing events that are happening almost everywhere are projected on the intellectual elite. It is determined that due to their implementation the nation is consolidating, which is the key to harmonization of political life.

A multi-agent description of the influence of higher education on social stratification

We introduce and discuss a system of one-dimensional kinetic equations describing the influence of higher education in the social stratification of a multi-agent society. The system is obtained by coupling a model for knowledge formation with a kinetic description of the social climbing in which the parameters characterizing the elementary interactions leading to the formation of a social elite are assumed to depend on the degree of knowledge/education of the agents. In addition, we discuss the case in which the education level of an individual is function of the position occupied in the social ranking. With this last assumption, we obtain a fully coupled model in which knowledge and social status influence each other. In the last part, we provide several numerical experiments highlighting the role of education in reducing social inequalities and in promoting social mobility.

Pedagogical engineering: methodological outline of the project of the Minin University

Introduction. The design of the "School of Pedagogical Engineering and Engineering Thinking" at Minin University in partnership with high-tech enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region presents a methodological outline (outline of the "necessary future" of the university), showing the frame of a new subject of scientific and educational interaction between pedagogical education and the scientific and technological sphere of the region in the format of a unique educational and technological platform for the formation of scientific and technological elite of the Russian Federation in the digital economy. Aim: the purpose of the article is to present and scientifically substantiate the conceptual idea of the project about the creation of new organizational and managerial mechanisms of interaction between the sphere of continuous pedagogical advanced education and high-tech production, aimed at the formation of an engineering type of thinking and the relationship of education, science and production within the framework of spatial co[1]organization and scientific and educational collaboration of participants in educational relations in Technograd format, combining practice-oriented science and science-oriented practice of continuous pedagogical education, which makes the educational reality itself - pedagogical, organizational, managerial, scientific and technological as the subject of its research, analysis and transformation.Materials and Methods. The basis of scientific research and scientific and methodological support of the project of the school of pedagogical engineering and engineering thinking, created and implemented in the conditions of management of the development of the university of pedagogical profile is project methodology and philosophy (futurodesign), as well as project management experiment.Results. The project "School of Pedagogical Engineering and Engineering Thinking" has been developed, the ontology of which reveals the forms and principles of "unity" and unification of the educational and scientific-technological spheres of human existence and human activity. A new methodology has been designed to train a STEAM teacher with competencies in the implementation of interdisciplinary and meta–subject approaches, the use of technological solutions in the process of cognition and transformation of the world. The scientific novelty of the research results is characterized by the application of a transdisciplinary approach and the principles of project[1]network, scientific and educational collaboration to the creation of a new subject area of pedagogical science and educational practice "Pedagogical Engineering", providing an effective combination of fundamental and practice-oriented research, psychological and pedagogical knowledge and scientific and technological means of high-tech industries aimed at humanization educational processes and the pedagogy of society as a whole.Discussion and Conclusions. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that the developed project creates mechanisms and conditions for the network co-organization of organizational, managerial, scientific and methodological resources for the transformation of pedagogical education in the region, the implementation of the interdisciplinary direction of humanitarian and technological pedagogical education for the training of teachers - professionals of a new generation, and also represents the organizational and managerial mechanism of horizontal interaction of higher education and general education organizations with high-tech companies on the principle of "education – science – production – practice".

Fiesta y olvido. Revista Amanecer (1948), recodo de la promoción cultural en Chiapas, México

Towards the end of the 1940s and early 1950s, an editorial project appeared in Chiapas, Mexico under the cultural policy of Governor Francisco Jose Grajales. This project was developed in the Ateneo de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas and the Department of Press and Tourism, and resulted in the publication of two important products, although of different fate: the Ateneo magazine and the Chiapas magazine. The above cannot be understood without looking at its margins. One of them is located in the year 1948, the same year that, at its end, witnessed the rise of Francisco Grajales to power. At that time, the magazine Amanecer appeared outside every institution, which was directed by a high school student, Mercedes Camacho, and had a fleeting life: nine monthly issues are the measure of its existence. In it we find the germ of what would come later: publishing projects as cultural promotion strategies, the formation of intellectuals or cultural elites and the institutionalization of the field of art and culture. It is these three axes that are announced in Amanecer and suggest the beginning of a practice of cultural promotion that lasted for years in Chiapas.