Elimination Of Child Labour Research Articles

Debunking the corporate paint shop: Examining the effects of misleading corporate social responsibility claims on social media

Misinformation thrives on social media, prompting much research into social media interventions such as debunks. This paper tests debunking’s effectiveness against an understudied but prominent form of online misinformation: misleading organizational claims of corporate social responsibility, or CSR-washing. British participants ( N = 657) took part in a preregistered experiment with a 2 (debunk: present, absent) x 3 (CSR-washing: greenwashing, bluewashing, purplewashing) between-subjects design. They saw an Instagram ad from a fictional clothing company that showcased its dedication to environmental sustainability, gender equality in the workplace, or the elimination of child labor. Half of the participants then received a debunk. Unlike most previous research which showed continued influence of misinformation after debunking, we found that the debunks were very effective: they reversed the persuasive effects of CSR-washing, resulting in negative brand attitudes and low purchase intentions. Several explanations for this finding are discussed, highlighting CSR-washing’s distinctiveness from many other forms of misinformation.

Exploring Legal and Non-Legal Approaches to Eliminating Child Labor in the Cocoa Industry In Ghana

Abstract The problem of child labor in cocoa-producing countries like Ghana and Ivory Coast has been projected into the international limelight due to coverage by notable international media organizations like CNN, BBC, and Al Jazeera. The incidence of child labor in the cocoa industry raises legal and ethical issues in the production and manufacturing processes that feed into international trade. This paper explores the international legal framework on child labor under the Minimum Age Convention and the consistency of Ghanaian domestic law with the Convention. It further discusses empirical data collected from Anyinam, a cocoa farming community in the Eastern Region of Ghana and the sustainability programme of Federated Commodities Ltd. (FEDCO), as a private sector responsible business initiative aimed at addressing the problem of child labor from a holistic approach.

Dignity or Indignity of Labour: Tales of Child Labourers on a Nigerian Street

This research delves into the nature, and socio-economic conditions of child labourers in Fagge Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. Employing an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the study aims at uncovering the root causes, characteristics, and potential solutions to child labor in the specified region. Four specific objectives guide the research: 1) identifying the causes of child labor, 2) understanding the nature of child labor, 3) exploring the socio-economic conditions of children engaged in labour, and 4) proposing strategies to eliminate child labour. The study, based on qualitative data gathered from ten child labourers in Fagge Local Government Area, reveals that extreme poverty and the pursuit of survival drive children into labor. Surprisingly, the participants derive a sense of dignity from their work, viewing it as a preferable alternative to begging or stealing. The findings also underscore the sacrifice of education for work, not due to a lack of awareness of its value, but rather stemming from the impoverished socio-economic conditions of parents. A critical revelation is the absence of statistical records and social intervention programmes on child labour in the study area, highlighting the need for increased public awareness, robust social interventions, and stringent law enforcement to combat the menace of child labour. This research contributes to the discourse on child labour in Nigeria, offering insights into the lived experiences of those directly affected and proposing holistic strategies for eradication.

Effect of Child Economic Contribution to Farming Households’ Income in Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria

This paper examines effect of child economic contribution to farming households’ income in Akwa Ibom State. The study adopted a non-experimental design (cross sectional Survey). Data were obtained using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The study used logistic regression and propensity score matching to assess the effect of child’s economic contribution to farming households’ income in the study area. Child’s economic contributions significantly related with sex of child and parent marital status, suggesting, gender and family structure play a role in child economic contributions to households’ income. Parental Educational status, Parental monthly expenditure, Household size, Household resource deprivation status, Family socio-economic well-being and drive for economic wealth creation were found to explain child work involvement in farming households. The PSM outcome indicated that the mean difference of respondents who involved children in work and those who did not, remained the same, (0.00018). And the T test result shows that there is no significant effect between child involvement in work and child economic contribution to households’ income. In conclusion, it was discovered that there was no positive effect of child involvement in work and households’ income. Therefore, the children should be trained through school, skill programmes to develop their human capital potentials. As this is going to be the only way they can impact positively on the households and the economy at large through expertise skill. And Businesses should be encouraged to adopt ethical business practices and eliminate child labour from their supply chain. Promote the right of children and ensure that policies and practices prioritize their well-being. And the children involvement in decision making that involves them should be encouraged.

Exploring the Causes of Child Labour and its adverse Implications on Children's Education

This study looks at the various reasons why child work occurs as well as how it affects kids' schooling. Using a thorough literature analysis, the study explores the cultural, social, andeconomic aspects that contribute to the continued use of child labor across the world. It examines how cultural norms, poverty, and a lack of educational opportunities contribute to the continuation of this phenomena. This study Examined the detrimental effects on kids' education, such as decreased academic achievement, restricted access to educational materials, and higher dropout rates. The study also looks at possible legislative changes and intervention strategies to lessen child labor and protect kids' right to an education. This research is to educate methods for the prevention and elimination of child labor by illuminating the linked challenges and creating an environment that is favorable to children's holistic development.

Eliminating child labour: what needs to be done?

Eliminating child labour: what needs to be done?

Role of Stakeholders’ Collaboration in Eliminating Child Labor: A Case of Indonesia’s Agriculture Sector

The goal of international labor Organization is to eliminate all forms of child labor since at the year of 2016 and it still needs to be supported until today. The aim of this program is to show how stakeholders’ collaboration and coordination have been focusing on the contribution and their roles to the reduction of child labor. The combination between field observation and interview to 20 NGO’s directors and field operating managers is the method used in this program. Although the collaboration’s efforts and the intervention of the stakeholders have been discussed in previous papers, however, its connection with socio- political view from NGO’s network perspectives and NGO’s network salience have not been sufficiently revealed, particularly in agriculture sector in Indonesia. The finding shows that the collaboration effects the capacity of network members through strengthening partnership for action against child labor, increasing the awareness and understanding of parents and farmers regarding child labor and its regulation, and developing a model of child-friendly village. This program has an implication to advocate for more supportive policies on child labor elimination and technical support for stakeholders both at national as well as regional level

К вопросу о социальном обеспечении малолетних, подлежащих снятию с работ, в РСФСР в 1919–1920 гг.

The article analyzes the activities of the Russian state authorities in the 1919–1920s. on the social security of children and adolescents subject to dismissal from enterprises as part of the implementation of the strategy for the elimination of child labor. The main attention is paid to the joint practical activities of representatives of the People’s Commissariats for Labor, Education and Social Security, united in commissions for the removal of young children from work. The examination of the financial situation and the direct removal of minor children from work was entrusted to labor inspectors; accommodation by schools — to local departments of public education. Material support was provided according to the estimates of all three structures, both in kind (supply of food, clothing, footwear; placement in boarding schools) and in the form of cash benefits (NKSO RSFSR). At the same time, if it turned out that a one-time dismissal of all children and adolescents from work could affect the performance of an enterprise of national importance, their removal from work occurred gradually and, if possible, painlessly for the enterprise. As a result, the author concluded that the task in question was not completely solved in the studied period of time.

Protecting Innocence: International Efforts to Combat Child Labour

Child labour is a serious global issue that jeopardises the rights and welfare of millions of kids around the world. International conventions on child employment have become essential tools in the struggle against this widespread problem. With a focus on the major conventions established by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), this article provides an overview of the importance and impact of international agreements. This article discusses the role that these agreements have in establishing norms, increasing awareness, and encouraging coordinated action to eliminate child labour through a study of their provisions and implementation. Additionally, the article discusses the potential future developments and sustainable solutions to strengthen the fight against child labour through international conventions. By highlighting the importance of these multilateral agreements, this article underscores the need for continued collaboration, comprehensive strategies, and the mobilization of resources to eradicate child labour and ensure a brighter future for all children.

SALIENT REGULATIONS ON THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF CHILD LABOR IN THE WORLD AND VIETNAM

Child labor refers to children's illegal participation in labor and the labor activities that hinder or negatively affect the physical, intellectual, personality and comprehensive development of children. Child labor causes serious consequences affecting the development of children, families and society in all the different countries around the world. Faced with that situation, international law in general and the laws of countries in particular, including Vietnam, have stipulated specific regulations on the prevention and reduction of child labor. These legal documents are an important basis for conducting and implementing activities in the identification, prevention, intervention, reduction and elimination of child labor. The content of this paper will focus on studying a number of important international and Vietnamese legal documents regulating the prevention and reduction of child labor. In addition, this article also mentions a number of shortcomings in the current legal provisions on child labor in Vietnam, and the demand for amendments and supplements to improve the legal framework governing this issue.

Perfil dos acidentes de trabalho com crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, de 2011 a 2020

Abstract Objective: to describe the profile of occupational accidents involving children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in Brazil, in the period from 2011 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN - Notifiable Diseases Information System) and from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). Results: from 2011 to 2020, a total of 24,909 cases of occupational accidents involving minors under 18 years of age were registered on SINAN. Most of these cases occurred with males (82.3%), aged 16 to 17 years (84.6%), whites (44.0%), mainly within “Service workers” job titles subgroup as assigned by Brazilian Classification of Occupations. Almost half of the accidents affected the hands and upper limbs (48.7%) and the main diagnosis was “fist and hand injury” (17.7%). A total of 466 deaths were registered in that time period, with 15.9% referring to deaths of children aged 5 to 13 years. Conclusion: registers show records of occupational accidents and deaths related to child labor, including those involving children under 14 years of age, a group in which work is prohibited. It is necessary to ensure the development of research and actions that contribute to the elimination of child labor.

Economic Exploitation of Children: Returning Child Labor to the World of Education Through Interpersonal Communication Towards Equal Education

<p class="abstrak">Low family incomes force children to support households and become Child Labourers (PA) in the agricultural and household sectors. The agricultural sector is still the main source of income for most Indonesians; at least 70% of the archipelago's population is dependent on the agricultural sector. However, rural poverty remains relatively high. At least 16% of rural areas are poor compared to 9.9% of urban areas. Farm labourers have not been able to benefit significantly from economic growth, as it is undeniable that several problems have caused the agricultural sector to lag behind other sectors. This qualitative study will describe the processes that influence and shift the mindset of children and parents of child laborers to change their mindset and desire to continue their education. Economic exploitation in children is actually carried out by families, for example, by placing, allowing, and telling children to work as a form of economic exploitation. Good economic exploitation will result in good child development, but bad exploitation will have a bad impact on children, including lying, insensitivity, low self-esteem, developmental disorders, oppressing the weak, difficulty forming and interacting with the environment, anxiety, low self-esteem, and personality disorders. Equality education is another way for children to re-enter school. It is necessary to optimise all stakeholders to eliminate child labour and return child labourers to school. It is necessary to strengthen equivalency schools in various places so that they can be reached by children with economic difficulties or difficulties integrating into public schools. Preventive efforts must be made to ensure that children do not drop out of school and are prepared to enter the global workforce, including introducing and raising awareness of the importance of education, as well as providing affordable education to all.</p>

A Study Of Purno Agitok Sangma's Contribution To The Passage Of The Child Labour (Prohibition And Regulation) Bill In 1986

Purno Agitok Sangma, an ardent advocate for children's rights, has long been a vocal critic of the practice of using children in hazardous jobs. He has spent his whole time in office as labour minister advocating for children's rights and implementing regulations for businesses and individuals that use minors as labourers. He eventually became the longest-serving Union Minister. He advocated for the elimination of child labour to be given high priority on the national agenda and secured political backing to protect children's rights at both the federal and provincial levels. He had a key role in the passage of the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Bill, which he introduced in 1986. It limits the hours that children under the age of fourteen can work in hazardous jobs and sets age requirements for hiring minors in other industries.

Work-related injuries among 5 – 17 years-old working children in Egypt: findings from a national child labor survey

BackgroundEgypt has agreed and ratified international regulations that strict child labor. However, the country still struggles with high prevalence of child labor and the associated negative social and health effects. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and determinants of work-related injuries among working children in Egypt.MethodsThis study involved a secondary data analysis of the National Child Labor Survey (NCLS) conducted in 2010 by The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) in Egypt with technical and financial support from the ILO’s International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) through its Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor (SIMPOC). The total number of working children who responded to questions of work-related injuries in the NCLS child questionnaire was 7485 children.ResultsThe prevalence of work-related injuries among working children in Egypt was estimated as 24.1% (95% CI: 22.0%—26.2%), of whom the majority were superficial wounds (87.3%). Among children who reported work-related injuries, 57.9% did not stop work or schooling because of the most serious injury, while 39.6% had stopped temporarily and 2.6% had stopped completely. The main determinants of work-related injuries among working children in the study sample were gender (boys), age of starting work (5–11 years), type of main economic activity (industry and services), type of main workplace (plantation, farms, or garden), the average work hours per week (28 h or more), and exposure to ergonomic and safety, and chemical hazards at work.ConclusionsThe estimated high prevalence of work-related injuries among working children aged 5–17 years in Egypt raises the health risks concerns associated with child labor. Findings of this study on the determinants of work-related injuries could guide policies and interventions to combat child labor and the associated health risks, including work-related injuries.

Analyzing the Effects of Demographic Transition on Child Labor in Developing Economies

Purpose: In efforts to realize the dividend of demographic transition, elimination of child labor has become an utmost challenge for the relevant international bodies. Knowing the importance of this issue, children are now the center of the vision of sustainable development as SDG 8.7 and 16.2 are directly related to children and their lives. In this context, the purpose of the current study is to analyze the linkages between demographic variables (such as working-age population, labor force participation rate, labor force growth rate, life expectancy, and dependency ratio and population growth) and child labor along with some other macroeconomic determinants of child labor.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel of 45 developing countries covering the period 2000 – 2019 is used for empirical analysis. Dynamic panel GMM technique is utilized for empirical results.
 Findings: The results show that increase in the working-age population, GDP per capita, age dependency old and young, and health expenditures increase the child labor but increase in life expectancy and educational expenditures reduce the child labor in developing countries. Population growth rate reduces child labor in overall developing countries and high-income developing economies but increases child labor in low income developing countries. The increase in labor force growth rate increases child labor in a panel of developing economies and low-income developing economies but reduces child labor in high-income developing economies.
 Implications/Originality/Value: Public expenditures in health and education along with increasing the female labor force participation rate is recommended to reduce the child labor in developing countries.

Accessibility of Medical Assistance to Patients with Diseases of the Circulatory System in the Voronezh Region

INTRODUCTION: The current burden of circulatory diseases on the health care system, both at the federal and territorial levels, and its projected growth make it necessary to develop a network of healthcare organizations, playing a key role in ensuring the accessibility and quality of medical assistance to the population. The Russian Federation approved the national project "Health Care", which includes eight federal projects, including the project "Control of Cardiovascular Diseases". The reduction of the mortality rate from circulatory system diseases to 450 per 100,000 of the population by 2024 is a priority goal. The National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Child Labor has been adopted. Its achievement depends largely on the availability of affordable health care.
 AIM: To assess the accessibility of medical assistance to patients with circulatory system diseases in Voronezh according to the main characteristics of the total number of medical organizations providing medical care in ambulatory and in-patient conditions.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical and statistical methods of research were used in the analysis.
 RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2019, the number of hospital organizations in Voronezh decreased by 8.3%, which is related to structural and functional changes in the number of beds, as reflected in a reduction, and the association of medical organizations. The number of medical organizations providing outpatient care has also been reduced from 176 to 119, or by 32.4%. During the study period, a decrease was noted in the number of beds and number of days of operation per year and increase in the rate of turnover of beds in cardiology, therapy, and neurology.
 CONCLUSION: Increasing the accessibility of medical care to patients with circulatory system diseases considering its organizational component is aimed at building in-house organizational and informational cooperation between cardiologists and primary care physicians and specialized health care.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOUR AT NATIONAL AND INERNATIONAL ARENA

Every child is God gifted and deserves to receive the best that the society can offer. Children need to grow in an environment that enables them to lead of life of freedom and dignity where opportunities of education of and training are provided to grow into a worthy citizen. Child Labour is a global phenomenon where unfortunately large proportions of children are deprived of their basic rights and are engaged in various sectors of the economy. The affirmation of the elimination of child labour as an objective coupled with commitment to action, pending its attainment, to improve the conditions of working children are the two planks of ILO policy. In this article the researcher tries to explain the reality of the problem of child labour and finds out the existing constitutional and legislative framework to curb the menace. KEYWORDS: Child Labour, International Labour Organisation, constitutional framework, Legal intervention, judicial trends.

An urgent need to reassess climate change and child labour in agriculture

The 5th Global Conference on the Elimination of Child Labour will be held in Durban, South Africa, on May 15–20, 2022, at which the immense task of getting back on track to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 8.7, which includes the elimination of all forms of child labour by 2025, will be faced. As the International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF observed, in the absence of social protection and resilient employment policies, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase in child labour, undermining the progress made since the 2010s.

“CHILD TRAFFICKING” AS THE EMBODIMENT OF MODERN SLAVERY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW

The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation and actualization of international and domestic law regarding child trafficking, to find examples of multilateral international cooperation forms that have been created in the context of overcoming child trafficking, and to identify threats and solutions needed by the international community in the prevention of Child Trafficking. This research was legal research with a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications. Child trafficking is a form of human trafficking. This crime can be attributed to the existence and widespread of the concept of "modern slavery." Internationally and nationally, laws regarding the prevention of child trafficking and child protection have been created. Examples in the international spectrum are UNTOC Annex II: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Convention on The Rights of the Child created by UNICEF, International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) by the ILO, the World Congress against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, and the Palermo Protocol. With evidence of the development of child trafficking with the influence of cyberspace and information technology, the international community's concern on this issue must also increase. This is needed in making effective policies, laws, and actions in overcoming the crime of child trafficking.

Elimination of Child Labor in Vietnam's New Generation of Free Trade Agreements

As of March 2021, Vietnam negotiated and signed the new generation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), consisting of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the European-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), and the Vietnam-Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement (VN-EAEU FTA). One of the critical issues of these agreements is non-commercial provisions, especially commitments to the elimination of child labor. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the commitment to eliminate child labor in the new generation of FTAs under the principle of pacta sunt servanda and the government's responsibility to comply with international treaties according to the 2013 Constitution. Based on the obligations arising from international treaties, Vietnam must comply with all commitments agreed upon as a state member. As a result, it is necessary to implement suitable solutions to implement these commitments properly, especially the elimination of child labor, according to the three mentioned FTAs. By using comparative and evaluated methods, this study analyzed and commented on the similarities and differences between the Vietnam labor legal system and these three agreements on eliminating child labor. This study indicated relative compatibility between regulations in three FTAs and the Vietnamese legal system. Subsequently, there is a need to improve the effective implementation of these commitments by amending the definition of children, working hours, and classifying violations against the law regarding the employment of workers under 16 years old of coercive labor into the group of crimes and criminal liabilities to commercial legal entities.
 KEYWORDS: Child Labor, Free Trade Agreements, Vietnam.