Elevator Control System Research Articles

Purwarupa Sistem Kontrol Elevator Berbasis Programable Logic Control

Various methods / types of controls developed in accordance with industry needs one of them in the field of building automation system. One of the controls in the field of building automation system is the elevator control system (elevator). Early elevator control systems that transport humans or goods as vertical transportation vehicles are still conventional using human power, then evolved using steam engines, until now the elevators use AC motors equipped with control systems. The purpose of this research is to design the prototype of elevator control system using programmable logic control (PLC). The type of PLC controller used in the study using Omron PLC. The results show the design of prototype of elevator control system using PLC successfully and can control eleveator in accordance with its function, besides its programming form can be more simple.

Implementation of Elevator control system based on PLC

Implementation of Elevator control system based on PLC

Research on the Reliability of Elevator Control System

The article in view of the elevator control system reliability, research and give full consideration to control system's performance. Because of the electric field control system also has the certain reference value.

Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Embedded Control Systems using Arduino Board

The time taken for the scheduling task in a control system to reduce the traffic within the system is one of significant field of research in modern era. There are different control systems that require time scheduling such as elevator control system, traffic control system and train control system. Currently, there are unique control logic strategies adopting scheduling algorithm that are implemented in real time systems like earliest deadline first and ant colony optimization. At the same time, the disadvantages possessed by them are the exponential dip in the performance ratio due to over loading. Despite of all the available resources there are many issues faced such as congestion in traffic networks due to non-adaptive scheduling algorithms, etc., which led to several misfortunes and danger for human life. Hence an improved algorithm that increases the efficiency of the system is required to validate the processing time and the deadlines. Our research is focused on validating a proposed idea of using Arduino microcontroller to implement the different scheduling tasks and validate the efficiency of the algorithm to optimize the results of the system. This take cares of assigning the critical paths which priorities the tasks and focuses on reducing the scheduling time. This rapidly increases the processing speed and efficiency of the algorithm. We plan to use the Arduino board which has an inbuilt error detection algorithm that helps in checking whether the time scheduling is done effectively. In the initial phase of the project we develop and fabricate the hardware design using CAD design software packages like Solid Works. This is later employed with suitable environmental interfaces like, sensors and microcontrollers that can work in an adaptable environment as per requirements to validate the scheduling algorithm. The scheduling algorithm can also be used for controlling the current flow and power storage which will contribute a lot in the power consumption aspect. Graphical data interpretation of various algorithms from the past literature is observed and few selected ones are to be implemented in the experimental set up that is built as an initial proof of concept. By analyzing the results from the simulations carried out using the Altera FPGA board with VHDL and Arduino it is clear that we obtain better results using the Arduino board. Finally, to have an extensive study on different intelligent control logics that are used in the above mentioned control systems, we use the prototyped miniature model of an elevator system and a train control system to validate the different disk scheduling approaches like First Come-First Serve (FCFS), Elevator (SCAN) and ant colonization to solve the discrete combinational optimization of the scheduling logic. Initial validation of the system focuses on the effectiveness of using the ant colonization strategies to enhances the efficiency of the scheduling algorithm and optimize it for real time application.

A New Real Time Control Approach for Time Efficiency in Group Elevator Control System

In parallel with the increase seen in the number of high-rise buildings, vertical transport systems are progressing. One of the results of this progress is the emergence of group elevator systems and their primary aim is to transport its passengers to the target floor the fastest way possible. Studies on this field are generally simulation and optimization based and they have an aim of minimizing the passengers’ waiting and traveling periods. In this study, a real time group elevator experimental setup was created and an optimization algorithm was applied on the setup. Genetic algorithm was chosen as optimization algorithm and this method was tested in an elevator prototype of 10 floors and 5 cabins. The results obtained revealed efficiency, performance and accuracy of proposed method.

Energy-efficient vertical transportation with sensor information in smart green buildings

In modern smart green buildings, sensors can detect various physical status of a building such as temperature, humidity, motion, and light, which can be used for smart living services. This paper presents an energy-efficient vertical transportation by making use of indoor sensor technologies. Specifically, sensors detect elevator users before they push the call button, and then inform to the elevator control system through building networks. By using this information, our system generates a reservation call and controls the moving time and direction of each elevator efficiently. Simulation experiments with a variety of traffic situations show that our elevator control system exhibits significantly better performance than the conventional system that does not use sensor information with respect to passengers’ waiting time and energy consumption.

Implementasi Mikrokontroler Sebagai Pengendali Lift Empat Lantai

In large multi-story buildings stairs to connect one floor with another floor. Itulization of stairs may not be efficient, as many technological advancement created lift for high rise buildings. An elevator being electronically controlled may be used to connects all floors within the building. in roder to be able to function as intended. The elevator control system prototype being produced uses a microcontroller as a controller. The microcontroller being used is the ATmega16 type. Actuator is used as a DC motor drive rotating at 300 rpm to produce a stable rotation and meet the quite large torque. This system uses a queue keystrokes. The system has functioned well and can work as expected. Lift can work in accordance with keystrokes outside and inside the elevator.

Generating UML Sequence Diagrams from Use Case Maps: A Model Transformation Approach

Use case map (UCM) is a modeling language designed to bridge the gap between requirements and high-level design artifacts. UCM graphical models describe functional requirements as scenarios using a structure of components. UCM specifies multiple scenarios abstractly in a single integrated view that facilitates understanding of the system-to-be and the early detection of inconsistent scenarios. However, once requirements have been expressed as scenarios, unified modeling language (UML) sequence diagrams are suitable for developing and presenting the details of interactions and help in the transition to a more formal level of refinement. Typically, system analysts are responsible for this transition, and they usually perform it manually, which makes subsequent design models prone to mistakes. As a result, system analysts may design an application that does not accurately realize the behavior specified in UCMs. There is therefore a need to develop a technique to transform UCM models to UML design artifacts. UML sequence diagrams are one of the most popular UML artifacts for dynamic modeling. In this paper, we present a model transformation approach from UCM notation to a UML sequence diagram to facilitate the transition from requirements to high-level design artifacts. We also present an application of the proposed model transformation to an elevator control system.

PLC based Multi-Floor Elevator Control System

This paper presents programmable logic controller based elevator control system. Primary focus is on using programmable logic controller to build the elevator model. To control the motion of the elevator through various levels DC geared motor is used. Push buttons are used to give signal to the elevator to come to the desired floor, traversing up and down. Moreover DC relays are used as switches, not protective devices, to drive the motor in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. Ladder logic is used for the model implementation.

A fault diagnosis system-PLC design for system reliability improvement

In this paper, a fault diagnosis system-programmable logic controller (FDS-PLC) is developed and discussed, regarding the improvement of reliability of PLC systems. Traditional approaches to improve reliability of the fault diagnose functions of PLC are not conscious of the fact: system developers and programmers are not able to identify every fault that may occur during the system’s lifetime. In order to conquer this problem, a FDS-PLC design that establishes and perfects a specification model of the PLC system is introduced. Firstly, FDS-PLC collects and transmits diagnosis data in surplus kernel time of the embedded processor; therefore, it does not decrease the responding speed of the system. Secondly, a finite state machine (FSM) built on PC is applied to construct the specification model and report faulty states to the system operator. Finally, the system is endowed with learning ability by perfecting the specification model. The application of FDS-PLC is further illustrated by an example on an elevator control system experimental platform.

Design of PLC Programming Control and Simulation Debugging Teaching System

In this paper, we focus on the configuration software programmable controller (PLC) teaching in applications by the simulation examples of the mechanical hand, delivering car and elevator control system. The development of this system includes PLC programming design and program development of configuration interface control. The former requires programming and hard ware design of PLC based on the basic function and control requirements of controlled objects. For the latter, the configuration software is used designing simulation interface and program. Through the connectivity and communication between configuration software and PLC equipment, teacher can develop various configuration simulating control system in need to achieve the implementation of PLC programming teaching in visualization.

Compositionality and correctness of fault tolerant patterns in HOL4

In the development of critical systems, it is common practice to make use of redundancy in order to achieve higher levels of reliability. There are well established design patterns that introduce redundancy and that are widely documented and adopted by the industry. However there have been few attempts to formally verify them. In this work, we modelled in the HOL4 system such design patterns, which we call here fault tolerant patterns. We illustrate our approach by modelling three classical fault tolerant patterns: Homogeneous Redundancy, Heterogeneous Redundancy and Triple Modular Redundancy. Our model takes into account that the original system (without redundancy) computes a certain function with some delay and is amenable to random failures.We proved that our fault tolerant patterns preserve the behaviour of its replicated subsystems. The notion of correctness adopted makes use of interval arithmetic and is restricted to functional behaviour. Timing is not regarded as part of the functional behaviour in this work. Therefore, real-time systems are not the focus of our approach. We also proved that our fault tolerant patterns are compositional in the sense that we can apply fault tolerant patterns consecutively and for an arbitrary number of times. The consecutive application of our patterns still results in a system that computes a certain function with some delay and amenable to random failures. We developed a case study that verifies that a fault tolerant pattern applied to a simplified avionic Elevator Control System preserves its original behaviour. This work was done in collaboration with the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer.

Design of Control System of Construction Elevator Based on CAN Bus

There are still plenty of shortcomings in existing construction elevator,such as low automation ,high cost and no communication equipment between the driver and users. The CAN bus and PLC are used in construction elevator control system to achieve the construction elevator automatic control, The experimental results show thatthe system can save almost one hundred control signal wires,it makes the installation and maintenance more convenient,and enhances the system function of real-time,reliability,flexibility.

Fault diagnostic method of elevator control system based on finite state machine

The soft fault samples of the elevator control system are difficult to obtain and their generation time is always short.To solve the problem,this paper proposed a fault diagnostic method based on Finite State Machine(FSM).The switch variables and analog variables of elevator were taken as the state characteristics of FSM.The diagnostic system collected and recorded various states and transitions between states during the normal operation of elevator.Based on this operation,a specification model of elevator control system could be built up.To detect and diagnose faults of elevator control system,the passive test error detection algorithm based on FSM was adopted and optimized.The last step was to verify new faults and complete the specification model.The experimental results show this method can not only detect unknown situations timely,but also diagnose known faults effectively.The method plays a good supervisory role to the transient soft faults of elevator control system.

Formal Methods for Early Analysis of Functional Reliability in Component-Based Embedded Applications

We present formal methods for determining whether a set of components with given reliability certificates for specific functional properties are adequate to guarantee desired end-to-end properties with specified reliability requirements. We introduce a formal notion for the reliability gap in component-based designs and demonstrate the proposed approach for analyzing this gap using a case study developed around an Elevator Control System.

Study on Elevator Manufacturing Industry with Modeling and Simulation of Virtual Elevator Control System Based on TwinCAT Soft-PLC

A solution is proposed to design and build virtual elevator model by software for the elevator manufacturing industry, which realize the communication between virtual elevator model and TwinCAT soft-PLC. To test the correctness of this approach, the ten layer virtual elevator model is simulated through TwinCAT soft-PLC. And the usability of simulation system and the reasonableness of control programming method are verified. The main characteristic in this new research method is to use virtual controlled object and virtual PLC. It means that all research work can be finished with full virtual system and its research results can be used well in elevator manufacturing industry.

Research on Intelligent Elevator Control System

This thesis introduces control approach for the elevator control system. From the intelligent control perspective of the elevator operation, better elevator service quality should be required. The advanced scheduling rules and the best dispatching mode should be adopted in control procedures to obtain control management. Group control algorithm does not solely rely on the passengers’ shortest waiting time as the goal, also using the fuzzy theory, neural network, genetic algorithm and expert system. All these factors including the passengers’ psychological impact and assessment of impending decision-making should be absorbed into the group control system, so it is a multi-objective control combined expert system with the current elevator operating status.

Elevator Door Automatic Control System

The elevator control system is an important component of the modular elevator control system. The control and profile and PWM-pulse pattern generation are done by a microprocessor system. Position recognition, security and motor/inverter protection functions are implemented. Furthermore the microprocessor system has to establish the communication via the serial link (Multidrop protocol) with the motion command subsystem, from where it gets the door commands.

IT기반 유무선 통합 승강기 제어 시스템

The information of the IT convergence has extended through the whole business ares with supplying intelligence terminal such as smart phone and the technology of sensors and wireless networks. And also, the existed industry became to high technology and extended various parts. The industry of the elevator became the center of the life offering the diversification of the user environment access and high building control. In this paper, we suggest the elevator control system integrated wire and wireless based on Information technology. We suggest the service model of user friendly connected by internet. For this, we make the relation model of the elevator system and IT environments and then design the service model for wire service and wireless service using smart phone. It can make to supply efficient information with wire and wireless environments and also make improvement in accessability for the disabled peoples.

Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building

We apply a combination of earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and real-time strong motion monitoring system (RSMS) to emergency response for a high-rise building; The Kogakuin University has a 29-story high-rise building in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo. The proposed strategy is based on the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) Cycle to brush up the systems and the users: in the “Plan” stage, we apply EEWS and RSMS to the building, where EEWS predicts not only short-period strong ground motions but also long-period ground motions [1]. The system is built into a building announcement system, an emergency elevator control system, and an email message system, which quickly send emails to the emergency response team. Meanwhile, RSMS provides information on seismic intensities at each floor of the building via the web browser in real time using the existing network in the building. In addition, the building response and structural damage can be estimated based on this information. The network system is impervious to the earthquake damage, because the network cable has extra length, there is, however, possible that a network system does not work due to power outage. Thus, we develop the network system that has uninterruptible power-supply system (UPS) and apply it to EEWS and RSMS. The high-rise building has the emergency call units to the security control center in the building on every floor. The emergency call line, however, will be busy promptly, because it is able to use only one line. Therefore, we installed IP telephone which uses the network system on main floors. UPS will work about 30 min after a major earthquake, it is supposed to be enough time for gathering the damage information about the building during initial response. In the “Do” stage, we prepare emergency response instruction manuals and educate the faculty members and students to carry out promptly emergency response. In the “Check” stage, the validity of the proposed systems are verified by carrying out an earthquake drill in an actual high-rise building. The earthquake drill confirmed that our proposed approach is valid. In the final “Action” stage, we improve these systems and emergency response manual and educate people in the building how to use effectively these systems.