Elevated HDL-C Research Articles

In vivo, Lipid Profile Efficacy of Ethanol Extracts of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Rabbits.

Contraceptive pills are chemical substances used as a means to prevent pregnancy, but they have several effects, including high lipid profile and in many cases, patients with heart and blood diseases cannot use it as a contraceptive helps in increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A Stevia extract with high sweetening capacity due to its content of glycosides is used to reduce lipid profile and this study aimed to decrease lipid profile levels and lowering the risk factor in women using contraceptive drugs by stevia extracts. Sixteen rabbits have been used as a case-control study design due to their anatomical and physiological similarity to humans. The stevia leaves are extracted using Soxhlet apparatus of ethanol solvent. Statistical package (SPSS), were used for data analysis and management using independent sample t-test, test, comparison of means for lipid profile of Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) between (di-contraceptive, mono-contraceptive and control groups). The results showed increasing cholesterol and LDL-C during the combined oral contraceptive (COCP) and progesterone-only pills with decreased HDL-C level. A comparison of means before and after stevia used explains the elevated HDL-C and decreased LDL-C. The lipid profile levels should continuously be monitored during oral contraceptive intake and Stevia leaf powder extraction is suggested to reduce the risk of CVD.

The Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits

This study is investigated the improving effects of administration of folic acid to male rabbits, using 16 adult male rabbits divided into two groups the first(control)group- administered Normal saline while the second (treatment) group administrated 5mg/kg folic acid for 30 days. As a result, hematological parameters (RBC. Hb. PCV. and Platelets) and serum protein and its fractions (albumin, globulin) were greatly improved in the treatment animal relative to untreated animal (Normal saline). also, reductions in the lipid profile (T.C, T.G, LDL-C, VLDL-C) and significant elevation in HDL-C were found in the treatment animal. Morphological examination of testes referred to a change in testes length, width, and diameter, significantly even epididymis sperm characteristics indicated increase in individual motility, and forward movement, decrease in abnormal movement (backward, vibration, circulation), dead and abnormal sperm percentage significantly in folic acid-treated group compared with the control group. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Ghadhban RF, Alwan NA. Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 Web Style Ghadhban RF, Alwan NA. Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=24376 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Ghadhban RF, Alwan NA. Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. SRP. 2020; 11(9): 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Ghadhban RF, Alwan NA. Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(9): 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 Harvard Style Ghadhban, R. F. & Alwan, . N. A. (2020) Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. SRP, 11 (9), 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 Turabian Style Ghadhban, Rashad Fadhil, and Nawras A. Alwan. 2020. Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 Chicago Style Ghadhban, Rashad Fadhil, and Nawras A. Alwan. The Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Ghadhban, Rashad Fadhil, and Nawras A. Alwan. The Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Rabbits. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.9 (2020), 1003-1007. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Ghadhban, R. F. & Alwan, . N. A. (2020) Role of Folic Acid on Some Physiological Parameters and Efficiency of Sperm in Male Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (9), 1003-1007. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.9.144

Mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules in treatment of diabetic macrovascular disease in GK rats based on correlation between microRNAs and inflammatory factors

This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules( DJC) in the treatment of diabetic macrovascular disease in Goto-Kakizaki( GK) rats. The diabetic macrovascular disease rat model was induced by feeding high-fat and high-sugar combined with endothelial nitric oxide synthase( NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester( L-NAME)( 0. 1 g·L-1·d-1). According to the random array table,the model rats were randomly divided into the model group,DJC groups( 1 260,630,320 mg·kg-1),atorvastatin group( 105 mg·kg-1) and metformin group( 10 mg·kg-1),with 12 rats in each group. The rats received gavage administration for 8 weeks. Twelve Wistar rats were selected as the normal control group. The changes of body weight,water intake,blood glucose,plasma total cholesterol( TC),triglyceride( TG),high density lipoprotein( HDL-C),low density lipoprotein( LDL-C),interleukin( IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor( TNF-α),nitric oxide( NO),endothelin( ET-1) were observed in these rats. Aortic tissue was taken and the pathological changes were observed by HE staining. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in rat aorta. RT-PCR of the stem loop was used to detect the levels of miRNA-126,miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a,and miRNA-21 in rat plasma and aortic tissue. The canonical correlation between miRNAs and inflammatory factors was then analyzed. The results showed that DJC increased the rat body weight,lowered water intake,reduced the random blood glucose,reversed the rat aorta tissue damage,reduced serum TC,TG,LDL-C,ET-1,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,as well as miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a and miRNA-21 levels in serum,elevated plasma HDL-C,NO content,reduced the aorta mRNA of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and the miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a and miRNA-21,elevated miRNA-126 expression in aorta. Aortic miRNA-126,miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a and miRNA-21 expression levels were typically correlated with the expression of inflammatory factors,among which miRNA-126 was negatively correlated,miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a and miRNA-21 were positively correlated with the factors. These results suggested that DJC had therapeutic effects on diabetic macrovascular diseases,and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of miRNA-126,miRNA-155,miRNA-146 a and miRNA-21 levels,as well as the reduction of inflammatory factors and vascular inflammatory response.

P1680High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients

Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction indicates target organ damage in hypertensive patients. The integrity of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a vital role in vascular permeability, inflammation and elasticity and finally to cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the role of increased HDL cholesterol levels (HDL-C), which usually are considered protective against cardiovascular disease, in EG integrity in older hypertensive patients. Methods We studied 120 treated hypertensive patients older than 50 years were divided regarding HDL-C tertiles in group HDLH, (HDL-C >71 mg/dl, upper HDL-C tertile) and group HDLL, (HDL-C <71 mg/dl, two lower HDL-C tertiles). Increased perfusion boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (ranged from 5–9 micrometers) using Sideview Darkfield imaging was measured as a non-invasive accurate index of reduced EG thickness. Results PBR 5–9 was significantly decreased in group HDLH (p=0.04). In the whole population, HDL-C was inversely but moderately related with PBR 5–9 (r=−0.22, p=0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis model, using age, BMI, smoking habit, HDL-C, LDL-C and office SBP, as independent variables, we found that BMI (β=0.25, p=0.006) independently predicted PBR 5–9 in the whole population. Differences in PBR5-9 between HDL groups Conclusions In older hypertensive patients, HDL-C ranged between 71–101 mg/dl might moderately protect EG and subsequently endothelial function. Future studies in several groups of low or high risk hypertensives are needed in order to evaluate the beneficial role of extremely elevated HDL-C regarding cardiovascular risk evaluation as well as endothelial glycocalyx as a novel index of target organ damage in essential hypertension.

Glomerular function and metabolic syndrome in Venezuelan adults with cardiometabolic risk factors treated in a primary health care center.

The relationship of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with the reduced glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria is not yet widely elucidated. The aim of the study was to associate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria to MS and its individual components in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors, who attended a public health center in the municipality of San Diego, Carabobo State, Venezuela. Descriptive and cross-sectional study (n=176 individuals). Weight, height, waist circumference, body fat percentage and blood pressure were measured; serum glucose, creatinine, urea, ureic nitrogen, total cholesterol, low (LDLc) and high (HDLc) density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and glycosylated hemoglobin A1C in whole blood were determined; the presence of proteinuria was determined in partial urine. The eGFR was estimated by equations and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The frequency of MS was significantly higher among patients with CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/m2), mildly reduced eGFR (60-89 mL/min/m2), hyperfiltration or proteinuria. The risks of mildly reduced eGFR and protenuria were significantly associated with elevated fasting blood glucose, low HDLc and MS, with and without adjustment for sex, age and BMI. When adjusted for the diabetic condition, only the risk of proteinuria remained associated with MS and elevated blood pressure. The risk of hyperfiltration was not associated with MS. The reduction in estimated glomerular function and proteinuria were associated with MS and its individual components. Other studies that confirm the results are required.

Biological Consequences of Dysfunctional HDL.

Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and possess several putative atheroprotective functions, associated to the anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant properties as well as to the ability to support endothelial physiology. The assumption that increasing HDL-C levels would be beneficial on cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, has been questioned as, in most clinical trials, HDL-C-raising therapies did not result in improved cardiovascular outcomes. These findings, together with the observations from Mendelian randomization studies showing that polymorphisms mainly or solely associated with increased HDL-C levels did not decrease the risk of myocardial infarction, shift the focus from HDL-C levels toward HDL functional properties. Indeed, HDL from atherosclerotic patients not only exhibit impaired atheroprotective functions but also acquire pro-atherogenic properties and are referred to as "dysfunctional" HDL; this occurs even in the presence of normal or elevated HDL-C levels. Pharmacological approaches aimed at restoring HDL functions may therefore impact more significantly on CVD outcome than drugs used so far to increase HDL-C levels. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathological conditions leading to the formation of dysfunctional HDL and their role in atherosclerosis and beyond.

The Effect of Iranian Propolis on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Insulin Resistance, Renal Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Propolis is a natural product with many biological properties including hypoglycemic activity and modulating lipid profile. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Iranian propolis extract on glucose metabolism, Lipid profile, Insulin resistance, renal and liver function as well as inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. The duration of the study lasted 90 days. Patients with T2DM were recruited and randomly divided into an Iranian propolis group (1000 mg/day) (n = 50) and a placebo group (n = 44). There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2-hour post prandial (2hpp), insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, there was a notable elevation in the serum HDL-C in the propolis group compared with the placebo group. In addition, a notable reduction in serum liver transaminase (ALT and AST) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in the propolis group was observed. Iranian propolis has beneficial effects on reducing post prandial blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cytokines. It is also a useful treatment for preventing the liver and renal dysfunction, as well as, elevating HDL-C concentrations in patients with T2DM.

Lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-controlled study

Background: Atherosclerosis is caused by the combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Combination of DM and dyslipidemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Hence, it is of utmost importance to know the nature of dyslipidemia in DM for its effective management. The major lipid abnormalities seen in DM are elevated triglyceride levels and lowered HDL-C levels.Methods: A case-controlled study was initiated in Vinayaka Missions Medical college and hospital for a period of 2 year. Pre-prandial and post-prandial lipid profile was assessed in 50 cases of type 2 DM and was compared with age and sex matched healthy controls satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: At the end of the study, the mean age±SD was 48.5±5.68 years. The mean HbA1c±SD of the study population was found to be 7.48±1.517. Looking at the lipid profile all cases in fasting state had elevated VLDL-C levels (mean 50.39±60.27), elevated TC (mean 169.70±39.917), elevated TGL (mean 146.04±60.140) and low LDL-C (mean 92.3±27.699) when compared to control group. In the postprandial state, there was a significant raise in TGL level (mean 188±68.59), raised TC (mean 180.74±38.46), decreased HDL-C (mean 38.761±9.028) compared to the fasting state.Conclusions: Lipid profile of type 2 DM in pre-prandial 12 hour fasting state showed elevated TC, VLDL-C levels and low LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Where as in post prandial state TGL levels were markedly elevated with elevated TC and low HDL-C levels.

ASSOCIATION OF HIGH HDL IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: IMPACT OF RACE AND SEX

At HDL-C levels >60mg/dl, its atheroprotective functions may be impaired given recent findings in the general population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between elevated HDL-C (>60mg/dl) and adverse CV outcomes in an at-risk population Participants included 3,112

Abstract 17187: The Association of Longitudinal Patterns of Metabolic Syndrome With Elevated hs-cTnT: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: Longitudinal increases in metabolic syndrome (MS) components are associated with increased heart failure (HF) risk, but the association of MS change over time with subclinical myocardial injury is unknown. Hypothesis: Greater progression and duration of MS is associated with subclinical myocardial injury, as reflected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Methods: We studied 8,170 participants (mean age 63, 59% female) without coronary heart disease, HF or diabetes at ARIC Visit 4 (1996-1998) with available data on MS components from the first four ARIC visits and hs-cTnT data at Visit 4. We defined MS using AHA/NHLBI criteria for high waist circumference (WC), hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure (BP), low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, with a diagnosis of MS made by ≥ 3 components. Using data on MS components from Visit 1 (1987-89) through 4, we used logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors to evaluate associations of changes in MS components over time and duration of MS with elevated hs-cTnT (≥ 14 ng/L) at Visit 4. Results: 3,644 (45%) of Visit 4 participants had MS. Greater number of MS components at Visit 4 was associated with a higher likelihood of elevated hs-cTnT, with the highest odds seen for those with 5 MS components (OR 2.32; 95%CI: 1.39-3.87) compared to those with none. Among MS components, the strongest associations were seen for elevated BP and high WC. Among participants without MS at V1, those with no MS components at both Visits 1 and 4 had the lowest odds of elevated hs-cTnT (reference), with progressively higher likelihood of elevated hs-cTnT for those increasing to 1-2 (OR 1.12; 95%CI 0.61-2.06), 3 (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.04-3.45) and 4-5 (OR 2.64; 95%CI 1.41-4.92) MS components by Visit 4. MS duration was also significantly associated with elevated hs-cTnT, with an OR of 1.08 (95%CI: 1.06-1.11) per year of MS duration. Conclusions: Greater MS severity and progression, and longer duration of MS, are associated with a higher likelihood of subclinical myocardial injury. This may have mechanistic implications for the association between MS and HF, and underscores the need to refine strategies to prevent MS onset and progression.

In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of isolated fraction of Prosopis cineraria against streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes: A mechanistic study.

A rapidly increasing incidence of Diabetes mellitus throughout the world is a major concern in both developed and developing countries and the drawbacks associated with currently available treatments led to switching researcher's attention towards naturopathy. Since ancient time, herbal plants have been traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes as they consider to be less toxic and free from side effects than synthetic ones. In our previous studies, we had isolated two new compounds (Methyl 5-tridecyloctadec-4-enoate and Nonacosan-8-one), together with three known compounds (Lupeol, β-sitosterol and Stigmasterol) from chloroform fraction of stem bark of P. cineraria (CfPc). The present study aimed to determine the in vivo and in vivo antidiabetic activity of CfPc in streptozotocin induced experimental diabetes and also evaluated their possible mode of action. CfPc was orally administrated to STZ (55 mg/kg b.wt) induced diabetic rats at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt for 21 days. Treatment of CfPc significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the level of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and also restored body weight, liver glycogen content and serum insulin level in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum lipid profile markers and elevation in HDL-C after treatment with CfPc, also signifying the protective effects of CfPc in diabetes-associated complications. In addition, CfPc also promoted a significant inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity with an IC50 value of 40.29 μg/ml. Results indicate that CfPc possess a potential in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity and this effect could be due to multitarget mode of action that includes antihyperglycemic, postprandial hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and insulin secretory actions. Therefore, it could be used as a safer complementary drug in the management of diabetes and associated complications.

Association of ABCC2 polymorphism and gender with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to simvastatin.

The clinical benefits of lipid-lowering therapy with statins are widely recognized.However, the lipid-lowering efficacy of statins shows significant differences between individuals. ABCC2 has been demonstrated to contribute to the transmembrane transport of the substrate compounds. The ABCC2 SNPs may be important factors that affect individual differences in clinical drug response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of rs717620 of ABCC2 with treatment response to simvastatin in a Chinese Han population. A total of 318 subjects were medicated with simvastatin 20mg/day for 12 weeks after enrollment. Venous blood was obtained before and after simvastatin treatment for measurement of blood lipid profile. Subjects were classified into high-response and low-response groups depending on whether their lipid profile change was higher or lower than median change values. The ABCC2 SNP rs717620 was genotyped from blood samples with a snapshot assay. A total of 12 weeks of treatment with simvastatin significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, there were no significant genetic effects of SNP rs717620 on the incidence of high- or low-response patients among TC, TG and LDL-C groups. However, rs717620 A-allele and female gender are significantly associated with the risk of low-response of HDL-C elevation after simvastatin treatment. ABCC2 rs717620 and female gender may be related to the low-effect of simvastatin treatment on the HDL-C level in the Chinese Han population. Female Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia carrying rs717620 GA/AA genotypes might have reduced benefit from simvastatin treatment.

Impact of the Structured, Comprehensive Clinic-Led, Population-Targeted Diabetes Intervention Program as Compared with the Standard Care Approach

We implemented a structured comprehensive Diabetes Management Plan (DMP) which includes monthly diabetologist counselling, pharmacological interventions, dietician review and education, follow-up through face to face and mobile technology, exercise motivation and periodic investigations, at a onetime enrolment cost. ANOVA, Chi-Square test were used for the statistical analysis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the glycemic measures of effectiveness in patients enrolled with DMP (n=47, males= 32, females = 15; mean age (years) 50.4 ± 9.4, min 27, max 72) compared to the group receiving the conventional Standard Of Care (SOC) over one year (n=47, males= 24, females = 23; mean age (years) 54.3 ± 13.9, min 24, max 78); (p=0.116) from Jan- Dec 2017. At end of one year of follow-up, DMP group (baseline HbA1c 9.1±1.57%) demonstrated higher HbA1c reductions of 1.86±1.10% as compared to the SOC group (baseline HbA1c 8.59±1.5%), which was statistically significant (p=0.046). DMP group (baseline Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) 167.5±59.32 mg/dl) demonstrated higher FBG reductions of 34.89 ± 36.71 which was highly statistically significant from baseline (p=0.001). However, FBG was not statistically significant as compared to the baseline within the SOC group (baseline 147.25 ± 52.11 mg/dl, (p=0.602); the differences were statistically significant (p=0.005). The dyslipidemia parameters reveal that there was no significant difference in the groups for the change in LDL-C (p=0.36), total cholesterol (p=0.16) and HDL-C (p=0.11). The DMP group had significant elevation in HDL-C (11.8%, p=0.001). DMP with compulsory periodic interventions is useful as a better glycemic management tool and resource optimisation, as done in DMP, in an emerging economy would be useful model to emulate even for the developed world to manage the cost of diabetes care. Disclosure I. Kuberan: None. S. Rao: None. N. Wadhwa: None.

Melatonin Improves Lipid Profile and Ameliorates Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well-known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups (n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation [oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12 weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also, both oxLDL and MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.

Melatonin Improves Lipid Profile and Ameliorates Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups (n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation [oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12 weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also both oxLDL and MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.

2562 Racial/ethnic variation in the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and cardiovascular disease and the role of uric acid among population with metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To examine the racial/ethnic variation in the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as examine the role of uric acid as a predictor of CVD among population with MetS. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data (1999–2010) for adults aged &gt;20 years with MetS. Using the ATP III clinical criteria for diagnosing MetS, subjects were classified as having MetS if they had ≥3 of the following: waist circumference ≥40 inches for men or ≥35 inches for women, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, HDL-C for men ≤40 mg/dL; women ≤50 mg/dL, pre-hypertension, or fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL. We used multiple logistic regression in STATA 14 survey module to examine the relation between MetS components and CVD adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol, albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, uric acid and white blood count. To assess the racial/ethnic variation, we examined the same model in each race/ethnic group. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 3212 subjects, 78% were Whites, 10% were Blacks, and 15% had CVD. MetS components, CVD, and uric acid varied significantly by race/ethnicity (p&lt;0.05). In the multivariate model, HDL-C level [odds ratio (OR)=1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1–2.0], triglyceride level (OR=2.0; CI=1.4–2.9), and elevated uric acid (OR=1.4; CI=1.1–1.9) were independently related to CVD (p&lt;0.05). While CVD was independently related to HDL-C, triglyceride, and elevated uric acid in Whites (p&lt;0.05), it was associated with pre-hypertension and triglyceride in Blacks (p&lt;0.05) and no predictors in Hispanics (p&gt;0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Elevated uric acid, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels are significant independent predictors of CVD among population with MetS. These predictors varied by race/ethnicity. Health care providers should be vigilant in the management of MetS components and control of uric acid level in each racial/ethnic group to prevent the CVD risk among the population with MetS.

Long-Term Consumption of Cuban Policosanol Lowers Central and Brachial Blood Pressure and Improves Lipid Profile With Enhancement of Lipoprotein Properties in Healthy Korean Participants.

Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with higher risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of policosanol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and the lipid profile in healthy Korean participants with pre-hypertension (systolic 120–139 mmHg, diastolic 85–89 mmHg). This randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial included 84 healthy participants who were randomly assigned to three groups receiving 10 mg of policosanol, 20 mg of policosanol, or placebo for 24 weeks. The BP, lipid profile, and anthropometric factors were measured pre- and post-intervention and then compared. Based on an average of three measurements of brachial BP, the policosanol 20 mg group showed the most significant reduction in average systolic BP (SBP) from 138 ± 12 mmHg at week 0 to 126 ± 13 mmHg at week 24 (p < 0.0001). The policosanol 20 mg group also showed significant reductions in aortic SBP and DBP up to 9% (p = 0.00057) and 8% (p = 0.004), respectively compared with week 0. Additionally, blood renin and aldosterone levels were significantly reduced in the policosanol 20 mg group up to 63% (p < 0.01) and 42% (p < 0.05), respectively, at week 24. For the blood lipid profile, the policosanol 10 mg and 20 mg groups showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) of around 8% (p = 0.029) and 13% (p = 0.0004), respectively, at week 24 compared with week 0. Serum HDL-C level significantly increased up to 16% and 12% in the policosanol 10 mg (p = 0.002) and 20 mg (p = 0.035) group, respectively. The study results suggest that long-term policosanol consumption simultaneously reduces peripheral BP as well as aortic BP accompanied by elevation of HDL-C and % HDL-C in TC in a dose-dependent manner.

Abstract P168: The Association of Longitudinal Changes in Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). However, little is known about how changes in MS over time are associated with HF risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that increasing MS components over time and a longer duration of MS would be associated with greater HF risk. Methods: We studied 8,104 participants at ARIC Visit 4 (1996-98) without baseline HF, coronary heart disease or diabetes. MS components were defined using AHA/NHLBI criteria for waist circumference, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, and MS was diagnosed if ≥ 3 criteria were present. Using data on MS components from Visit 1 (1987-89) through 4, we used multivariate Cox regression models to evaluate associations of changes in MS components over time and duration of MS with incident HF occurring after Visit 4. Results: The mean age was 63 years (+/-6), with 58% female. Over a median follow-up of 16 years, there were 902 HF events. Compared to those without MS at Visits 1 and 4, those with MS at both time points had a hazard ratio (HR) for HF of 1.87 (95% CI 1.60-2.19), while those with no MS at Visit 1 but MS at Visit 4 (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.16-1.64) and those with MS at Visit 1 but not at Visit 4 (1.51; 95% CI 1.13-2.00) had more modest risk associations. Among those without MS at Visit 1, those with 0 MS components at both Visits 1 and 4 had lowest HF risk (reference), with progressively higher risk seen for those who increased to 1-2 (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06-2.61), 3 (HR 2.15; 95% CI 1.37-3.38) and 4-5 (HR 2.55; 95% CI 1.58-4.13) MS components by Visit 4. Duration of MS had a positive association with HF risk (Figure), with a HR of 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) per year of MS duration. Conclusions: Progression in MS components over time and a longer duration of MS are associated with increased HF risk. Given the cardiovascular implications of these findings, particularly for the growing number of individuals developing MS components at an early age, strategies to prevent MS onset and progression should be implemented widely.

A study of the association of rs12040273 with susceptibility and severity of coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population

BackgroundThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12040273, a variant of UDP-N–acetylgalactosamine, polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 2, has recently been reported to be significantly associated with development of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in a Chinese population based on a genome-wide association study. Because IMT is a potent marker of coronary artery disease (CAD), the aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of rs12040273 to susceptibility and severity of CAD in a Chinese Han population.MethodsWe performed a hospital-based case-control study. Three hundred and thirty-one individuals (199 CAD patients and 112 non-CAD controls) undergoing coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled in the study. The Gensini score results were used to assess the severity of CAD. The method of polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) was used to distinguish different genotypes at rs12040273.ResultsThe distribution of genotypes at rs12040273 was comparable between CAD patients and non-CAD controls (P > 0.05). The frequencies of the genotypes were also not significantly associated with the risk of CAD and its severity assessed by the Gensini score method, with the OR of 1.38 (95% CI = 0.80–2.40, P = 0.24) and 1.14 (95% CI = 0.69–1.86, P = 0.60) respectively. However, stratified analysis showed that the serum HDL-C levels of subjects with the CC genotype were significantly higher than those with CT/TT genotypes in non-CAD controls (P = 0.002).ConclusionOur results suggest that the rs12040273 variants might not be associated with the susceptibility of CAD or its severity in a Chinese Han population. Moreover, the CC genotype could be associated with elevated serum HDL-C levels.

Role of Ezetimibe in Combination with Statins(Simvastatin and Atorvastatin) in Controlling Dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular risk is independently increased by plasma lipids abnormalities (low- density and high density lipoprotein -cholesterol and triglycerides). Most patients have more than one lipid abnormality. Combination therapy with lipid-modifying agents could offer an important therapeutic option for improving the overall lipid profile. Combinations have demonstrated to provide additive efficacy and significant reductions in coronary events . This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ezetimibe, when used in combination with other hypolipidaemic agents ( statins) on lipid profile as well as on liver function ,renal function, oxidative stress, and platelets function when given to dyslipidaemic patients . Forty four patients (24 males and 20 females) with age ranged between 40-70 years (54 ±14.6) with dyslipidaemia on statins therapy for at least 6 month were involved in this clinical trials. They were randomized into two groups treated with either a combination of 20 mg/day simvastatin or a combination of 20mg/day atorvastatin and 10mg/day of ezetimibe.The study also included 22 apparently healthy subjects with age ranged (40-70years) and sex(11males and 11 females) matching that of the patients group. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol -TC, triglycerides -TG, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol –LDL-C, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol-VLDL-C, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol –HDL-C), oxidative stress marker (Malondialdehyde-MDA), liver functions indices (Alanin aminotransferase -ALT,Aspartate aminotransferase- AST, total bilirubin), renal function parameters (urea, creatinine, and microalbuminuria) and platelets function test (bleeding time)were evaluated before and after 4 and 6 weeks of starting ezetimibe treatment . Treatment with ezetimibe plus simvastatin or atrovostatin resulted in significant lowering in TC, TG, LDL-C levels with elevation in HDL-C also the LDL/HDL ratio lowered significantly ( by 38.16%). This effect was associated with significant changes in liver function , and oxidative stress without changes in platelets function nor in renal function. The results presented in this study indicated that ezetimibe can be used in clinical practice for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, when combined with other hypolipidaemic agents like simvastatin and atorvastatin to improve the therapeutic profile with ameliorating some of their adverse effects.&#x0D; Keywords : Ezetimibe , Statins , Dyslipidemia&#x0D;