In the USA, 11.38% of infants are born prematurely with over 300,000 infants born low-birth weight. Mothers of premature infants are at greater risk for postpartum posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Variation in the neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in perinatal depression, maternal behavior, and regulation of stress responses. The purposes of this pilot was to determine feasibility of obtaining serial oxytocin blood-samples on mothers while infants were in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and examine the association among posttraumatic stress, prenatal depressive symptoms, and plasma oxytocin levels in urban low-income minority women. This pilot consisted of 8 postpartum minority women who completed surveys and had 4 serial blood draws over 1-h while visiting their infant in the NICU. Analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, and t-tests. One-fourth of participants reported elevated posttraumatic stress and 50% reported elevated prenatal depressive symptoms. Women with elevated posttraumatic stress had higher depressive symptoms (t(8) = 6.1, p = 0.001), higher anxiety (t(8) = 2.6, p = 0.041), more worry (r(8) = 0.71, p = 0.047). A trend was identified between women with elevated posttraumatic stress and low plasma oxytocin levels (t(8) = −1.5, p = 0.057). Women with greater depressive symptoms tended to have greater anxiety (r(8) = 0.65, p = 0.081). Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms between posttraumatic stress, premature birth, and oxytocin in order to better understand this psychological condition. All women with a premature infant should be screened for posttraumatic stress and postpartum depression.