Elevated Sex Hormone Levels Research Articles

Increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: A meta-analysis based on over four million cases.

The incidence rate of lung cancer in women has significantly increased over the past decade, and previous evidence has indicated a significant relationship between the elevated levels of sex hormones and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that female hormone-related cancer (FHRC) patients, including breast, endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer patients, may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk of lung cancer among FHRC patients compared to the general population. The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched up to May 11, 2022. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify the risk of subsequent lung cancer after FHRC. Subgroup analyses based on the follow-up time and tumor type were also conducted. A total of 58 retrospective cohort studies involving 4,360,723 FHRC participants were included. The pooled results demonstrated that FHRC patients had a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent primary lung cancer (SIR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.48-1.76, P <0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed an obvious trend of increasing lung cancer risk over time (SIRs for <5years, ≥5years, ≥10years, ≥20years, and ≥30years after FHRC: 1.32, 1.59, 1.57, 1.68, and 1.95, respectively). In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by tumor type indicated an increased risk of developing subsequent lung cancer after breast (SIR=1.25, P <0.001), endometrial (SIR=1.40, P =0.019), cervical (SIR=2.56, P <0.001), and ovarian cancer (SIR=1.50, P =0.010). FHRC patients are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. Furthermore, the increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer is more obvious with a longer survival time and is observed in all types of hormone-related cancer. International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols: No. INPLASY202270044; https://inplasy.com/.

Greater Ecologically Assessed Positive Experiences Predict Heightened Sex Hormone Concentrations Across Two Weeks in Older Adults.

Sex hormones are important components of healthy aging, with beneficial effects on physical and mental health. Positive experiences such as elevated mood, lowered stress, and higher well-being also contribute to health outcomes and, in younger adults, may be associated with elevated sex hormone levels. However, little is known about the association between positive experiences and sex hormones in older adults. In this study, older men and women (N = 224, 70+ years of age) provided blood samples before and after a 2-week period of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of positive and negative experiences (assessed based on self-reporting items related to affect, stress, and well-being). Concentrations of a panel of steroid sex hormones and glucocorticoids were determined in blood. Higher levels of positive experiences reported in daily life across 2 weeks were associated with increases in free (biologically active) levels of testosterone (B = 0.353 [0.106, 0.601], t(221.3) = 2.801, p = .006), estradiol (B = 0.373 [0.097, 0.649], t(225.1) = 2.645, p = .009), and estrone (B = 0.468 [0.208, 0.727], t(224.3) = 3.535, p < .001) between the start and the end of the 2-week EMA period. These findings suggest that sex hormones may be a pathway linking positive experiences to health in older adults.

СТАТЕВА ПОВЕДІНКА НАЩАДКІВ САМИЦЬ ЩУРІВ НАРОДЖЕНИХ ВІД МАТЕРІВ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ З ФЕТОПЛАЦЕНТАРНОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ

Sexual behaviour is an integral part of reproduction and is considered as a neuroendocrine function of the body. It is the result of sexual differentiation of the brain in the early stages of development of the body and is regulated by steroids of the gonads, which is confirmed by the presence of receptors for these hormones in the centre of sexual behaviour. Any negative factors during pregnancy can cause a lot of harm to the unborn child. To date, it is almost unknown how fetoplacental insufficiency affects the reproductive function of offspring of both sexes from birth to puberty very little. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of fetoplacental insufficiency of mothers of different ages on the sexual behaviour of female offspring. Materials and methods of research. The experiment involved healthy sexually mature female mothers of Wistar rats, young (3 months) and mature (10 months) of reproductive age, with a normal four to five day estrous cycle. 4 groups of 7 pregnant females were formed: 1 group, intact young animals; group 2, intact females of mature reproductive age; group 3, young females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency; 4 - females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency of mature reproductive age. Modelling of fetoplacental insufficiency was performed by daily subcutaneous injection to females from the 12th to the 18th day of pregnancy 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight. The sexual behaviour of females was studied according to generally accepted methods. After a study of sexual behaviour at the age of 3 months, female offspring were removed from the experiment. The uterus and ovaries were weighed, and the number of follicles in the ovary was counted. The estrous cycle of females was studied. Serum samples were taken to determine the concentration of the hormones estradiol and testosterone. Conclusions and prospects for further development. Fetoplacental insufficiency in young mothers of reproductive age affects the sexual behaviour of female offspring, reduces the number of lordosis reactions by almost 20% and increasing the receptive indicators of sexual behaviour. Such changes occur against the background of elevated levels of sex hormones while reducing the number of cycling females and the number of follicles in the ovary. Due to the fact that the rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg require sequential activation of the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone, and against the background of fetoplacental insufficiency, there may be no preovulatory growth of their levels in the blood due to refractoriness of the ovaries. In the study of sexual behaviour of offspring of females born to mothers of mature reproductive age with fetoplacental insufficiency, a decrease in the number of lordosis reactions by 50% of the intact group and increased receptive behaviour were noted. Also, this group of offspring had a reduced number of cycling females but the number of follicles in the ovaries remained within the intact group. Such reproductive changes occurred against the background of elevated testosterone levels, without changes in estradiol concentrations, which led to the relative androgenization of females. The prospect of further development is to study the effects of fetoplacental insufficiency on the fertility of mature offspring of both sexes born to female rats of different reproductive ages with fetoplacental insufficiency. Key words: fetoplacental insufficiency, reproductive system, sexual behaviour, female offspring.

Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Kisspeptin Expression in the Hypothalamus of Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine changes in the expression levels of kisspeptin‐1 (Kiss1) in the hypothalamus during the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and after treatment with sleeve gastrectomy (SG).MethodsThis study used chronic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) alone and DHEA plus a high‐fat diet (HFD) to generate a PCOS rat model. Subsequently, SG was performed in the animals with PCOS and the effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, sex hormones, estrous cyclicity, adiponectin, and Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus were investigated.ResultsImpaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, reduced adiponectin levels, disrupted estrous cyclicity, and elevated sex hormone levels associated with PCOS models were restored to normal following SG. In addition, SG was able to restore the increase in the expression of Kiss1 mRNA and Kiss1‐positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of rats with PCOS. Interestingly, although SG did not result in a significant loss of body weight in rats administered DHEA under a chow diet, it resulted in comparable metabolic improvements and Kiss1 expression in rats that had been administered DHEA along with an HFD.ConclusionsThe recovery of normal levels of Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamus after SG in this study suggests that Kiss1 might play an important role in the development of PCOS and its improvement by SG.

Female sex hormones and the recovery from exercise: Menstrual cycle phase affects responses.

Evidence supports female sex hormones have an influencing effect on a multitude of physiological and psychological systems related to exercise. Little is known, however, whether is effect persist into the recovery from exercise. Our objective was to examine aspects of muscle damage/inflammation process during recovery in healthy, exercise-trained women following endurance activity at the mid-follicular (MF; low sex hormone level) and mid-luteal (ML; elevated sex hormone levels) phases of their menstrual cycle. The MF and ML exercise sessions consisted of running for 90 minutes at 70% VO2max on a treadmill in a controlled laboratory environment. Menstrual cycle phase was hormonally confirmed, diet and physical activity was control throughout the study. Outcome measures were: blood creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) assessed at immediate-post exercise (IP), 24-hour and 72-hour into recovery. Statistics involved ANOVA procedures. At 24-hours and 72-hour into recovery CK activity was greater in MF than ML (p < 0.05) while for IL-6 at IP, 24-hour and 72-hour responses were significantly greater at MF than at ML (p < 0.05). A more robust recovery CK and IL-6 response occur in the MF of the menstrual cycle when female sex hormones are reduced. This finding suggests female sex hormone changes due to menstrual cycle phase affect the physiologic responses during the extended recovery period from intensive exercise in eumenorrheic women.

Association Between Use of Oral Fluconazole During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth: Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, et al. JAMA. 2016;315:58-67

Because of elevated levels of sex hormones, pregnant women are more prone than non-pregnant women to develop vaginal candidiasis. The standard of treatment for vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy is topical azole antifungal medication, but many pregnant women receive systemic antifungal treatment. It is unclear whether systemic antifungal treatment with oral fluconazole puts women at greater risk for gestational complications.

Abstract A04: Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and incident breast cancer risk in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Abstract Two previous retrospective studies reported a significantly decreased breast cancer risk among women who experienced menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS). It is possible that VMS are a marker of declining sex hormone levels during menopause. Elevated sex hormone levels have been associated with increased breast cancer risk, suggesting that VMS may be indicative of lower susceptibility to breast cancer. We evaluated this relationship in the prospective Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), which includes annual data on VMS and endogenous hormone levels for 3,098 women who were pre- or early peri-menopausal at enrollment. We evaluated the effect of VMS on breast cancer risk using discrete survival analysis. Over an average 11.4 years of follow-up, 129 breast cancer cases were self-reported and approximately 50% of participants reported some VMS. Women reporting VMS at any current or previous visit had a reduced risk of breast cancer compared to those never experiencing VMS (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39, 1.02). Results were strengthened in the subgroup of women who fully transitioned to postmenopausal during follow-up (N=80 cases, OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26, 0.77). Associations were unchanged upon adjustment for endogenous hormone levels. VMS appear to be a marker of reduced breast cancer risk. Future research is needed to fully understand this relationship, which does not appear to be mediated by endogenous hormone levels. Citation Format: Vicki Hart, Susan Sturgeon, Nicholas Reich, Lynnette Leidy Sievert, Sybil Crawford, Ellen Gold, Nancy Avis, Katherine W. Reeves. Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and incident breast cancer risk in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr A04.

Fetal complications due to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disorder of pregnancy. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture, particularly the presence of pruritus with a deterioration of liver function tests, and typically elevated serum levels of total bile acids. ICP manifests in the second half of pregnancy, predominantly during the third trimester. Symptoms of the disease resolve spontaneously after delivery. Etiology is still not fully understood. Genetic defects in specific transport proteins, elevated levels of sex hormones, and various environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of this disorder. Although practically benign for the pregnant woman, ICP represents a serious threat to the fetus. It increases the risk of preterm delivery, meconium excretion into the amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, and sudden intrauterine fetal death. Identifying fetuses at risk of ICP complications remains challenging. The ideal obstetrical management of ICP needs to be definitively determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on fetal complications of ICP and describe management options for their prevention.

Association between the T27C polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 c17? (CYP17) gene and risk factors for breast cancer

Mammographic density is associated with increased breast cancer risk and is influenced by sex hormones. A T27C polymorphism (alleles A1 and A2, respectively) in the 5' promoter region of CYP17 may be associated with elevated sex hormone levels. In a cross-sectional study of 181 pre- and 173 postmenopausal women, we examined the relationship of this polymorphism with mammographic density and other risk factors for breast cancer. Subjects were recruited across five categories of density. Risk factor and dietary information, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were obtained. Sex hormone, lipid, growth factor levels, and CYP17 genotypes were determined. CYP17 genotype was not associated with mammographic density levels before or after adjusting for risk factors for breast cancer. In premenopausal women, the A2 allele was associated with higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and in postmenopausal women, with higher levels of total estradiol and lower levels of follicle stimulating hormone. Among premenopausal women, interactions were observed between CYP17 genotype and endogenous insulin levels as well as dietary variables associated with mammographic density. Our findings suggest that the CYP17 A2 allele is associated with hormone levels, and interacts with insulin levels and diet to affect breast density levels and potentially breast cancer risk.

Comparative characteristics of learning and behavior processes in conditions of elevated sex hormone levels.

The effects of elevated levels of sex hormones resulting from systemic administration of hormone preparations on the abilities to learn and retain memory traces and on behavior were studied in rats of both sexes. Experiments were performed using models of conditioned active and passive avoidance reflexes and in the "open" field test. Increases in testosterone and estradiol levels had no effect on passive learning. Increases in testosterone levels in male rats led to derangement of active learning but had no effect on animal behavior. Elevated estradiol levels in female rats accelerated active learning and increased the animals' behavioral activity.

Are Pancreatic Tumors Hormone Dependent?: A Case Report of Unusual, Rapidly Growing Pancreatic Tumor during Pregnancy, Its Possible Relationship to Female Sex Hormones, and Review of the Literature

The occurrence of a pancreatic tumor in a young patient is rare. However, when one identifies a pancreatic mass during pregnancy and particularly when the lesion is located in the tail of the pancreas, "unusual tumors" of the pancreas should be considered. The management of these tumors during pregnancy presents unusual challenges because of rapid tumor growth probably related to elevated levels of sex hormones. An immunohistochemical study was done to evaluate for hormone receptors of the tissue removed from the tumor. We present a case of a 37-year-old female patient in her 4th week of pregnancy who was found to have a pancreatic mass; she was followed with ultrasonography. At the 23rd week of gestation, the tumor increased in size to more than 12 cm and required resection. Immunohistochemical studies were done to evaluate receptors for progesterone, estrogen, PS2-estrogen-related protein, pancreatic polypeptide antigen, flow cytometry, DNA ploidy, and proliferative activity in tumor cells. Pathology showed a low-grade multiloculated mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. There was a positivity for progesterone receptor and PS2-estrogen-related protein but not for estrogen receptor in the tumor. We conclude that a pancreatic mass detected during pregnancy requires a different consideration for its management. Early tissue diagnosis with CT or ultrasound-guided biopsy is essential. Even those lesions diagnosed as benign would require early intervention because of their rapid growth, probably influenced by female sex hormones.

Comparative characteristics of learning processes and behavior in conditions of elevated levels of sex hormones

Relationship between increased level of sex hormones during systemic injection of hormones and the training capacity and trace memory and behavior is studied in rats of both sexes. Active and passive avoidance and open field tests were carried out. Increase in testosterone or estradiol levels did not affect passive training. Increase of testosterone level in male rats disturbed active training and did not change the behavior. Increase of estradiol level in female rats accelerated active training and stimulated behavioral activity of animals.