Eleostearic Acids Research Articles

Molecular, morphological and biochemical characterization of some Turkish bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) genotypes

Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) of the Cucurbitaceae family is valuable plant for their nutritive and medicinal properties. In this study, molecular, morphological and some biochemical properties of 12 bitter gourd genotypes from different parts of Turkey were determined. Considerable morphological variation among the genotypes was observed for fruit properties such as fruit length (9.33 to 14.33 cm) and time for maturity (late June to late September). For molecular caharacterization fifteen ISSR primers were produced, on average, 113 bands in the accessions were examined and 59 (52%) of them were detected as to be polymorphic, which resulted in a Jaccard’s similarity range from 0.80 to 0.98. According to biocehmical analyses, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and eleostearic acids were detected as the major fatty acids in the studied bitter gourd seeds. Eleostearic acid had the highest proportion among the fatty acids (42.66-61.99%). The bitter gourd genotypes showed different fractions of vitamin E. G1 contained alpha, gamma and delta tocopherol, while G2, G18, G19 and G24 contained only gamma and delta tocopherols. Beta carotene was also present in all genotypes and the ratio was between 56.57 and 116.75 mg/kg. In addition, the genotypes were evaluated for their mineral composition and phosphorus was the major mineral for the genotypes and only sodium was not observed in all genotypes among the studied minerals. This study provided useful information for nutritional perspective of bitter melon and also breeding studies.

FEATURES OF SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS OF SEED OIL WITH CONJUGATE FATTY ACIDS: MOMORDICA COCHINCHINENSIS SEED OIL

A method of gac ( Momordica cochinchinensis ) seed oil sample preparation is proposed with allowance for high chemical lability of the compounds containing conjugated C=C-bonds. The method includes extraction at room temperature and purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE), n -hexane being a convenient solvent for oil extraction from seeds and the extract can be directly purified by oil sorption on the syringe (packed)cartridges filled with silica gel. However, before cleaning, it is necessary to verify the absence of catalytic activity of the sorbent towards chemically labile conjugated trienoic compounds. It has been shown that some commercial grades of silica gel can quickly disintegrate the oil. Using the developed method we obtained transparent seed oil with a refractive index of 1.503 typical for highly unsaturated oils, the oil content of seeds being 53%. Data of reversed-phase HPLC revealed the same set of triacylglycerols (TAG) characteristic of another Momordica species bitter melon ( M. charantia ) and contains di-α-eleostearate-stearate as a main component (47.9 ± 0.5 mol. %), each of triacylglycerol set has isomers wherein the radical of α-eleostearic acid is replaced by radical of α-eleoctearic acid. Fatty acid composition of the oil, calculated from TAG composition contains: 62.1 ± 0.3% eleostearic acids, 11.2 ± 0.3% linoleic, 5.5 ± 0.2% oleic, 1.5 ± 0.2% palmitic and 19.7 ± 0.4% stearic acids.

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Oils Extracted from Noni, Spinach, Lady’s Finger, Bitter Gourd and Mustard Seeds, and Copra

The physico-chemical properties of solvent-extracted oil from the seeds of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) Koch), and the dried kernel (copra) of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) were characterized. Among these sources, spinach seed had the lowest oil content (4.5 ± 0.4%) while coconut kernel had the highest oil content (63.1 ± 2.8%). Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids for spinach, lady’s finger and noni seed oils, while erucic, eleostearic, and lauric acids were the major fatty acids for mustard seed oil, bitter gourd seed oil, and coconut kernel oil, respectively. All of the oils possessed at least three major peaks in their triacylglycerol profiles except for bitter gourd seed oil which had only one major peak (1-stearoyl, 2,3-dieleostearoyl). The last endothermic peaks were –12.4, –6.0, 6.8, 57.7, 2.7, and 24.3ºC for noni, spinach, lady’s finger, bitter gourd and mustard seed oils, and coconut oil, respectively. Initially, the solid fat content of bitter gourd seed oil decreased gradually, but became rapidly after 50 until 60ºC. Coconut oil had its solid fat content reduced rapidly around 14 to 28ºC.

Production of linolenic acid in yeast cells expressing an omega‐3 desaturase from tung (Aleurites fordii)

AbstractTung oil is an industrial drying oil containing ca. 90% PUFA. We previously reported on enzymes required for the synthesis of linoleic (6% of FA) and eleostearic (80%) acids and here describe the cloning and functional analysis of an omega‐3 FA desaturase (FAD3) required for the synthesis of linolenic acid (1%). The tung FAD3 cDNA was identified by screening a tung seed cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction and degenerate primers encoding conserved regions of the FAD3 enzyme family. Expression of this cDNA in yeast cells, cultured in the presence of linoleic acid, resulted in the synthesis and accumulation of linolenic acid, which accounted for up to 18% w/w of total cellular FA. Tung FAD3 activity was significantly affected by cultivation temperature, with the greatest amount of linolenic acid accumulating in yeast cells grown at 15°C. The amount of linolenic acid synthesized in yeast cells by tung FAD3 is ca. 10‐fold higher than that observed by expression of a rapeseed (Brassica napus) FAD3 in yeast, suggesting that tung FAD3 might be useful for biotechnological production of omega‐3 FA in transgenic organisms.

ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF ACYLATION WITH ELEOSTEARIC ACIDS ON THE MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY POTENCY OF SOME HYDRAZINE ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN MICE

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 6, Issue 19 Isocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF ACYLATION WITH ELEOSTEARIC ACIDS ON THE MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORY POTENCY OF SOME HYDRAZINE ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN MICE S. Y. HSU, S. Y. HSUSearch for more papers by this authorC. L. HUANG, C. L. HUANGSearch for more papers by this authorI. W. WATERS, I. W. WATERSSearch for more papers by this author S. Y. HSU, S. Y. HSUSearch for more papers by this authorC. L. HUANG, C. L. HUANGSearch for more papers by this authorI. W. WATERS, I. W. WATERSSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 13, 1975 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197519188Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume6, Issue19May 13, 1975 RelatedInformation

Effect of acylation with eleostearic acids on the monoamine oxidase inhibitory potency of some hydrazine antidepressants in mice.

The effect of incorporation of an eleostearoyl group into molecules of aralkylhydrazines on their monoamine oxidase inhibitory potency was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that on a molar basis the hydrazides possessed an in vitro potency lower than and an in vivo potency and acute toxicity comparable to those of the corresponding aralkylhydrazines. The sequence of the relative potency of aralkylhydrazines and their hydrazides was similar. The overall pharmacological profile indicated that these aralkylhydrazines retained their monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties when the free hydrazine nitrogen was acylated with an eleostearoyl group.

The Influence of Metal Acetates on the Oxidation of Sorbic Acid by Molecular Oxygen in Acetic Acid and Comparison of the Results with Those for Eleostearic Acids.

The Influence of Metal Acetates on the Oxidation of Sorbic Acid by Molecular Oxygen in Acetic Acid and Comparison of the Results with Those for Eleostearic Acids.

A new synthesis of ?- and ?-eleostearic acids

A new synthesis of ?- and ?-eleostearic acids

Methyl punicate,Alpha andBeta eleostearate.Cis, trans isomerism and structure

AbstractMethyl esters ofbeta eleostearic,alpha eleostearic, and punicic acids have been isomerized with iodine and light to the same equilibrium mixture of 64%beta, 33%alpha, and 2.6% punicate structures. The course of isomerization is in agreement with the following structures:trans, trans, trans forbeta; cis, trans, trans foralpha; andcis, trans, cis for punicate, in agreement with structures provenvia synthesis by Crombie and Jackson. There is some theoretical and experimental evidence that the center double bond of this type of conjugated triene isomerizes less readily than the outer double bonds.

The tung industry. II. Processing and utilization

Processing of tung fruit to produce high quality tung oil has been subjected to continuous modification, improvement, and mechanization. Domestic tung oil is high in eleostearate content and normally meets all recognized specifications. The basic chemistry of the major components of tung oil, the eleostearic acids, has been well established. Although the major industrial use of tung oil continues to be in the drying oil field, research is under way to take advantage of the unique chemical character of the eleostearic acids. Progress is being made in the utilization of the by-products, tung hulls and tung press cake.

Kinetics of Diels-Alder Reactions of Eleostearic Acids with Maleic Anhydride and Substituted Maleic Anhydrides

Kinetics of Diels-Alder Reactions of Eleostearic Acids with Maleic Anhydride and Substituted Maleic Anhydrides

A halogenation method for the determination of the total unsaturation of tung oils and of eleostearic acids

SummaryA new modification of the Rosenmund‐Kuhnhenn method has been developed for determining the total ethylenic unsaturation of tung oil and of eleostearic acids. With tung oils this method results in iodine values which are in agreement with those obtained by quantitative catalytic hydrogenetation and, in the case of α‐ and β‐eleostearic acids, with the theoretical value. Good agreement was found with hydrogen‐iodine values of various partially hydrogenetal tung oils. An essential feature of the method is the addition of mercuric acetate to the oil prior to the addition of the Rosenmund‐Kuhnhenn reagent in contrast to the Benhan‐Klee modification in which the Rosenmund‐Kuhnhenn reagent is added first. The latter method gives iodine values for tung oil and for eleostearic acid approximately 8% higher than those obtained by quantitative catalytic hydrogenation. Light was found to affect the results obtained by both methods so greatly that use of low‐actinic flasks, addition of the Rosenmund‐Kuhnhenn reagent in a partially darkened room, and storage of the reactants in complete darkness during the reaction period (1 hour) is recommended.

A method for the determination of linoleic acid and conjugated dienoic acids in materials containing eleostearic acids

SummaryA procedure has been described which extends the scope of the spectrophotometric method for polyun‐saturated acids to the determination of linoleic and conjugated acids in the presence of large quantities of conjugated trienoic acids.Basis for the proposed method rests on equations which are offered to correct the “end” or “back‐ground” absorption of the highly absorbing triene conjugated acids at 233 mμ, the position of maximum absorption of conjugated dienoic acids and alkali isomerized linoleic acids. The method is limited to samples which do not contain nonconjugated trienoic acids (linolenic acids).The method has been tested by the analysis of several mixtures of cottonseed and dehydrated castor oils of known composition, to which varying amounts of alpha, beta, and mixtures of alpha‐ and beta‐eleostearic acids have been added. These samples have been used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method for the determination of dienoic conjugated acids, alpha‐eleostearic acid, beta‐eleostearic acid linoleic acid, oleic acid, and total saturated fatty acids.Comparisons of the results obtained with similar values, calculated from the known composition of the mixtures, prove that the proposed method gives reasonable results. Standard deviations between determined and calculated results vary from 0.36 for diene conjugated acids to 1.40 for oleic acid.The method has been applied to the analysis of foreign and domestic tung oils.

Cis, trans isomerism of the eleostearate isomers

SummaryThe cis, trans isomers of the conjugated trienes present a difficult problem for complete determination of structure.Several methods of attack have been outlined, and application of two of them have been made to α and β eleostearic acids, α and β licanic acids, and to pseudoeleostearic acid.These results indicate the following structures: α eleostearic: cis‐9, trans‐11, trans‐13 β eleostearic: trans‐9, trans‐11, trans‐13 pseudoeleostearic: trans‐10, trans‐12, trans‐14 α licanic: 4‐keto, cis‐9, trans‐11, trans‐13 β licanic: 4‐keto, trans‐9, trans‐11, trans‐13

Physicochemical Studies of Alpha and Beta Eleostearic Acids. I. Molar Refractivity and Parachor

Physicochemical Studies of Alpha and Beta Eleostearic Acids. I. Molar Refractivity and Parachor

The Preparation of Pure Eleostearic Acids from Chinese Wood Oil

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Pure Eleostearic Acids from Chinese Wood OilArthur W. Thomas and James Claude ThomsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 4, 898Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01319a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (136 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

A Spectroscopic Study of Eleostearic Acids from Chinese Wood Oil

A Spectroscopic Study of Eleostearic Acids from Chinese Wood Oil