Security Elements Research Articles

Финансово-экономическая безопасность субъектов РФ: её элементы и функции

The financial and economic security of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is a key element of national security, covering financial stability, economic stability, financial independence and other aspects. The study describes the functions and elements of financial and economic security, thanks to which the economy is protected from threats not only at the level of the state, but also its subjects. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn about the relationship between financial and economic security and the sustainability of economic development

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОДНОГО ІЗ НАПРЯМІВ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УСТАНОВАХ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ

The article defines the need to make changes to the regulatory and legal acts on the handling of weapons by personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, taking into account the need to provide firearms and special equipment and training in the rules and methods of applying elements of physical security, which in turn are a component of general security in penitentiary institutions for the transition to the latest, modern types of weapons according to NATO standards. It is noted that in order to ensure the security of places of deprivation of liberty is one of the main tasks defined by legislative and other normative legal acts of Ukraine (in particular, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine: “On State Criminal and Executive Service”, “On pre-trial detention”, rules of internal procedure of institutions for the execution of punishments and the rules of the internal procedure of pretrial detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine), which are in front of the personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments. In today’s realities, Order of the State Department on Issues of Execution of Punishments of the penitentiary institutions No. 86 dated May 17, 2001. “Small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the Criminal and Executive System” has lost its relevance against the background of the reform of the penitentiary service system with the need to switch to the latest, modern weapons in accordance with NATO standards and the implementation of the recommendations of the European Penitentiary Rules. The article states that the problem of handling weapons exists and it must be solved as soon as possible for the reliable protection of personnel and contingents under guard in the penitentiary institutions, which is an urgent necessity in today’s conditions. That is why there was a real need to develop a new normative-legal Act on the training of penitentiary institutions personnel, which will be intended not only for the skillful and effective use of small arms during the performance of official tasks: “A small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, and mastering the skills of shooting with the latest weapons, according to NATO standards. Key words: physical safety, shooting course, handling of weapons, performance of official tasks.

Analysis of multi-factor authentication solutions

This article analyzes open-source multi-factor authentication (MFA) solutions. Research on adapting the MFA solution is given, this research will help businesses to provide security in the implementation of remote work. This article discusses 5 open-source MFA solutions, functionality, advantages and disadvantages. For Small and Medium-sized Businesses (SMBs), using a multi-factor authentication (MFA) solution is an important element of security. MFA is an authentication method that requires several forms of authentication before a user can access a system or application. For SMBs, using MFA helps protect their business from cyberattacks, including phishing, network traffic interception and password cracking. In addition, the use of MFA helps to comply with regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA, which require companies to ensure data security. In general, the use of MFA helps to protect important information and reduce the risks of security breaches, which can lead to financial losses, reputational problems and loss of customer confidence.

OBSCURE: Versatile Software Obfuscation from a Lightweight Secure Element

OBSCURE: Versatile Software Obfuscation from a Lightweight Secure Element

Integrated CPU Monitoring Using 2D Temperature Sensor Arrays Directly Printed on Heat Sinks

AbstractIn today's digital world, the demand for computer security and system reliability is a crucial element. Monitoring the CPU temperature during operation provides valuable insights but is currently limited to the embedded on‐chip sensors. The implementation of an extra security layer based on temperature monitoring can detect anomalies in an early stage, identify malware, and help mitigate attacks. The approach of integrating more on‐chip temperature sensors into the silicon is avoided due to space, power limitations, and cost constraints. However, the field of printed electronics and sensor technology has recently seen significant progress. This is the first work that introduces a fully‐printed temperature sensor array integrated onto the cooling unit of a CPU. It offers a novel approach for the practical implementation of such sensors into an operational computer system. The present sensor array, consisting of 396 sensor pixels, detects local hotspots induced by the underneath CPU cores, leading to an individual thermal fingerprint. This unique method paves the way for addressing pivotal elements of computer security, as deviations from expected thermal behavior can signal malicious activities. Additionally, this innovation facilitates reliability optimization. The detailed thermal map garnered provides insights into which cores are subjected to significant stress over time.

PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF URBAN CONCEPTS TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMMERSIVE PRESENCE ENVIRONMENTS DEVELOPMENT

The proliferation of immersive presence environments (an artificially created multimedia environment of an alternative reality) is evolving into a widespread social phenomenon that gradually influences how people live and interact. As a result, it has the potential to reshape expectations and demands regarding living spaces and their arrangement. While numerous studies have explored the impact of virtual and augmented reality technologies on urban planning, relatively little attention has been given to the possibility that the behavioral changes brought about by these technologies could prompt a reevaluation of the fundamental principles underlying urban planning. Previously, immersive environments were primarily seen as tools for a limited group of individuals to enhance their problem-solving capabilities within the existing framework of urban planning. However, with the widespread adoption of virtual presence tools, there is a potential for a significant shift in this paradigm. The exact nature and implications of these changes are still not well understood and remain uncertain. However, through the method of behavioral interpolation, we can begin to model the key aspects and potential outcomes of this paradigm shift. The object of this article is to present a theoretical framework for potential transformations in the contemporary urban planning paradigm resulting from the widespread adoption of personalized virtual reality technologies. Through analysis, five key categories within modern post-industrial urban planning are identified as likely to undergo changes: a) residential areas; b) accessibility radius; c) social cohesion; d) transportation requirements, and e) optimal density. Residential units will necessitate additional opportunities and spaces, altering living requirements and lifestyles. The significance of the accessibility radius, particularly for pedestrians, may diminish as a considerable number of desirable locations become accessible directly from individuals' homes. Reducing strain on transportation networks will enhance cities' environmental sustainability and create new opportunities for green spaces. The concept of social cohesion will experience stratified transformations, as differences related to ethnicity, religion, gender, race, age, social status, etc., become neutralized through the development of shifting virtual personas and non-deterministic identities. These interrelated changes will also diminish the weight of the optimal density category. Collectively, these transformations form a comprehensive conceptual framework that reimagines the city. This article outlines two potential directions of change in the urban paradigm that could arise from the proliferation of personalized metaverse communication technologies. The first direction pertains to the contemporary interpretation of deurbanistic concepts, incorporating elements of self-sufficiency, stability, security, and communication infrastructure characteristic of the information age. The second direction is likely to focus on various approaches to transforming the existing urban environment. This transformation will occur through the involvement of market regulatory mechanisms and the development and implementation of specialized municipal programs aimed at modernization and stimulating population growth.

The role of strategy in ensuring the security of business structures

The paper considers the role of strategizing in ensuring the security of business structures. The theoretical aspect of the concept of "strategizing" in the context of security of business structures is studied. The approaches to defining the essence of its concept by foreign and domestic scholars are analyzed. It is determined that the most key aspects are the following: development management, self-development potential, a set of provisions and procedures, actions in case of uncertainty, maneuvering in conditions of imbalance, multiplier effect, achievement of goals, and resource. It is found that the main structural elements of business security are determined in accordance with the specifics of their activities. The most commonly distinguished are the following: information, technical and technological, personnel and intellectual, financial, organizational and managerial, environmental, power and political and legal. The author defines the role of strategizing in the formation of the security system of business structures and how it affects its individual subsystems, in particular, financial, technical and technological, organizational and managerial. With regard to the former, the actions and measures of strategizing are implemented at the stages of planning, analysis, evaluation and control. As for the second, they are implemented during foresighting, planning, analysis, evaluation, modeling, and controlling. As for the third, the actions and measures of strategy are implemented in planning, analysis, evaluation, controlling, forecasting and determining KPIs. All of this will have the corresponding effect: as for the financial subsystem of security - increasing the level of financial independence, sustainability and competitiveness; as for the technical and technological subsystem - increasing the level of innovation, adaptability, competitiveness; as for the organizational and managerial subsystem - increasing the level of corporate social responsibility, interconnection between the structural units of the organizational management structure.

CORRELATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT METHODS AND PROCEDURES WITH RISK MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEMS

Task. Issues devoted to the delimitation of methods and procedures of related scientific areas: risk management, economic security, management and risk management are studied and researched by many authors. This gives rise to thoughts about a single basic basis for the listed scientific movements. So, the author, in order to avoid constant repetition of listing the scientific directions under consideration in the article, calls them directions, economic categories, etc., but the problem raised by the author of the article is the differentiation of the main elements, in particular methods, procedures, goals, objectives, principles between the studied categories, namely risk management, economic security, management and risk management. The purpose of the article is to systematize the listed elements and consider their duplication in the scientific areas under consideration. Model. The author systematizes, on the basis of those reviewed by modern economists and analysts, as well as classic scientific works, the basic elements of risk management, economic security, management and risk management. An attempt was made to find an answer to the question «are there specific developed methods and techniques for risk management of an organization that would distinguish it from the risk management system and other scientific areas?» Conclusions. Economic categories: risk management, economic security, management and risk management are considered as a single process in economic research, and therefore economists do not have a clear opinion and understanding of the differences between these categories. Practical significance. A comparative analysis of the essence of the main elements of risk management, economic security, management and risk management allows us to determine the most appropriate methods and procedures for the practical application of risk management in organizations. Allows you to develop an understanding of the implementation of risk management principles in organizations to achieve their goals. Originality. The list of goals, objectives, procedures and principles of risk management, economic security, management and risk management has been clarified, expanded and systematized

Securing Color Images with an Innovative Hybrid Method Combining DNA Computing and Chaotic Systems

Modern cryptography is a key element of data security, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information. In an increasingly digital world, cryptography remains crucial for the protection of sensitive data. In this context, we propose a novel hybrid security system for encrypted color images using a DNA model, chaotic systems, and SHA256-MD5 hash functions as a basis. The proposed hybrid system includes DNA permutation and diffusion. In DNA permutation, we unpredictably rearrange the location of DNA image elements by using the logistic map of low computational complexity. In DNA diffusion, we diffuse the permuted image of DNA with the DNA image key generated by a 5D hyper-chaotic system, using a variety of algebraic operators such as the circular offset in both directions. Considering the experimental outcomes and security evaluation, we can infer that the proposed hybrid security system demonstrates a high level of security, resistance to existing attacks, and practical application suitability while maintaining speed.

Ontology-based security modeling in ArchiMate

Enterprise Risk Management involves the process of identification, evaluation, treatment, and communication regarding risks throughout the enterprise. To support the tasks associated with this process, several frameworks and modeling languages have been proposed, such as the Risk and Security Overlay (RSO) of ArchiMate. An ontological investigation of this artifact would reveal its adequacy, capabilities, and limitations w.r.t. the domain of risk and security. Based on that, a language redesign can be proposed as a refinement. Such analysis and redesign have been executed for the risk elements of the RSO grounded in the Common Ontology of Value and Risk. The next step along this line of research is to address the following research problems: What would be the outcome of an ontological analysis of security-related elements of the RSO? That is, can we identify other semantic deficiencies in the RSO through an ontological analysis? Once such an analysis is provided, can we redesign the security elements of the RSO accordingly, in order to produce an improved artifact? Here, with the aid of the Reference Ontology for Security Engineering (ROSE) and the ontological theory of prevention behind it, we address the remaining gap by proceeding with an ontological analysis of the security-related constructs of the RSO. The outcome of this assessment is an ontology-based redesign of the ArchiMate language regarding security modeling. In a nutshell, we report the following contributions: (1) an ontological analysis of the RSO that identifies six limitations concerning security modeling; (2) because of the key role of the notion of prevention in security modeling, the introduction of the ontological theory of prevention in ArchiMate; (3) a well-founded redesign of security elements of ArchiMate; and (4) ontology-based security modeling patterns that are logical consequences of our proposal of redesign due to its underlying ontology of security. As a form of evaluation, we show that our proposal can describe risk treatment options, according to ISO 31000. Finally, besides presenting multiple examples, we proceed with a real-world illustrative application taken from the cybersecurity domain.

A Blockchain-Based Scalability Solution with Microgrids Peer-to-Peer Trade

In recent years, advancements in rooftop solar panel technology have sparked a revolution in the electricity markets. This has given rise to a new concept of energy exchange—the ability for consumers and producers to trade localized energy. This concept has been made possible by the emergence of blockchain technology, which has gained significant traction in the energy markets. Its unique ability to facilitate peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transactions has made it a promising solution for the trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization. However, while blockchain technology has shown great potential, it is still in its early stages of development and has yet to reach its full potential. To fully understand the potential of blockchain technology in P2P energy trading, it is important to explore the trilemma in depth. This study proposes a blockchain-based scalability solution with a focus on P2P energy trading. This strategy is supported by empirical modeling, utilizing data gathered from a trial case study. The results of this study demonstrate that the suggested technique outperforms base-layer models in terms of scalability while still maintaining the essential elements of security and decentralization. This proposed solution not only has the potential to revolutionize the energy markets but also has broader implications. By providing a more secure and decentralized platform for P2P energy trading, it has the potential to address issues of energy distribution inequality and promote the adoption of renewable energy. With blockchain technology, individuals and communities have the opportunity to take control of their energy usage and production, reducing their reliance on traditional centralized energy systems. This not only has the potential to lower energy costs for consumers but also contributes to the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the effects of climate change. The combination of rooftop solar panel technology and blockchain applications has the potential to create a significant shift toward decentralized and sustainable energy systems. This will not only benefit individuals and communities but also have a positive impact on the environment and the global energy market. However, for this transition to occur, it is crucial that governments and energy companies continue to support and invest in these advancements.

The Impacts of Climate Change on Groundwater: A Review

Groundwater is considered to be the second largest reservoir of fresh water in the world, which meets the needs of humans due to anthropogenic activities in various parts of the ground. Recently, the impact of climate change on the groundwater has been taken into consideration so that groundwater can be safely managed and used in a balanced manner. Water is considered to be a vital element of world security and the relationship between ground water and climate change is considered significant. Currently, it is difficult to determine the extent and direction of fires so that groundwater can be managed. Also, this article aims to increase the knowledge about the effects of climate change on groundwater resources which includes general information about groundwater, climate change, effects on groundwater resources, and information about sustainable management of groundwater. It deeply affects the water system which reduces the level of groundwater over time and affects the hydrological cycle. The results of this article have been obtained based on the review which may be useful for future researchers and policy makers in the field of sustainable groundwater management in the context of climate change.

Detection of Geographic Information System Security Hazards in the IoT Based on Network Security Situation Awareness

Abstract The geographic information system (GIS) is the important system these days for navigation and directing the routes. In order to detect the security risks of the GIS efficiently and accurately and to protect the security of the GIS, a GIS security risk detection method in the Internet of Things based on network security situational awareness has been proposed. The data preprocessing method based on the operation data of the GIS is adopted. The normalized and standardized processing of the operation data of the GIS is devised to reduce the dimensional difference between the data and the geographical areas. This will facilitate the subsequent applications of the GIS to make better decisions by preserving the security. The redundant data in the GIS operation data are removed by using feature reduction algorithms through the acquisition method. The security elements based on enhanced probabilistic neural network are inferred, and the useful data samples are obtained as the security elements detection set. A rough set theory is also used to realize geographic security hidden danger identification. The experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient to maintain security and to detect the geographic security risk detection within a short span of time. The detection result accuracy is high, which meets the GIS application requirements.

Gender and policies on paid family care: Overview of debate and theoretical reflections

Objective: This article discusses the implications of systematically including policies on paid family care in the concept of care policy for older people for theorizing the relationship between such policies and gender inequality. Background: In theoretical debates about the relationship between gender and care policy, most welfare state researchers agree that policies that support extra-familial care promote women’s participation in formal, paid work and can thus reduce gender inequality. By contrast, the role of policies that offer pay and elements of social security for family care in promoting gender equality is up for debate. Method: This article addresses the aforementioned debates’ key arguments by discussing the relationship between gender equality and care policies that actively support family caregivers. The argument is contextualized with examples of empirical findings from the literature. Results: We argue that, to some degree and under specific conditions, new policies on paid family care have the potential to reduce gender inequality. Conclusion: The article contributes to theoretical debates about gender and care policy by evaluating the implications of systematically including policies on paid family care in the study of care policy. This inclusion could clarify the circumstances under which policy support for family caregivers can contribute to fostering gender equality.

INFORMATION SECURITY RISKS MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In this research, the information phenomenon is examined from a wide perspective, the concepts of data, information and inventory are explained, the impact and dimensions of information technologies on information are revealed, the difficulty of obtaining information security arising from the need to protect information is investigated, and the main elements of information security are highlighted. This work summarizes the security processes needed to create effective information security in an environment where information security attacks are increasing in both number and variety. As a result, the issues explained, investigated and summarized were widely evaluated, and an important step was taken to create a new technology. Keywords: inventory, security, information security, information

Embedded-SIM (E-SIM) an Overview in Latin America: Implementation, Availability, Advantages and Disadvantages

Search new forms for data management and security is a continuous tendency for mobile operators. Proof of this is the trend of the latest technology related to the Embedded Subscriber Identity Module or Embedded-SIM (E-SIM). Recently there was an increase in the number of devices that offer this technology as a security element for the access to the network, however, it is clear the lack of consistent information for the implementation of this technology within Latin America. This research presents a current overview about the evolution of the embedded subscriber identity module, aiming to present the general characteristics that are part of the network, evaluate the current status of implementation and adoption with Latin America carriers, showing the obstacles in the process of acceptance of new technology by users as well as the advantages, disadvantages of E-SIM in relation to the traditional SIM Card. The investigation was carried out through documentary surveys and field research, the data was collected to demonstrate the current perspective of the implementation of E-SIM and adoption by customers and network operators in Latin America. The observed results showed that the adoption of E-SIM in Latin America has been increasing, it was observed that most countries have at least one carrier that makes available and offers this service. Regarding the advantages and disadvantages, evidence has been observed place E-SIM like a better technology than a SIM Card.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РУССКОГО ПРАВОСОЗНАНИЯ И ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ МИФ «ПРАВОВОЙ НИГИЛИЗМ»

In the article legal awareness is considered as part of national culture. Legal awareness which is developed to the full extent is one of the key elements of state national security. The authors examine the complex structure of the legal awareness which comprises conceptual, axiological, regulative elements. The interconnection between the national world view with its main concepts and the legal awareness is also highlighted in the article. The authors study the main characteristics of the concept «Law» which were established previously and still have impact on the legal reality. Legal nihilism is considered in the article as one of the deformations of the legal awareness which may turn into a legal myth in the current discourse due to the moral and legal unity in the conceptual framework of Russian legal awareness.

Financial security of business is an indicator of financial management in crisis conditions

This article posits that the financial security of a business is the primary indicator of effective financial management. The relationship between financial management and financial security is supported by a system and subsystem approach. It is established that financial security represents a pivotal financial and economic mechanism at both the macro level (the state) and the micro level (the enterprise). It is observed that financial management is conducted at all levels of the financial system, from the state of an individual enterprise. It has been demonstrated that the operation of any system in a state of crisis is contingent upon substantial financial and economic support and maintenance. The author posits that financial security is an effective and efficient measure for maintaining a relatively stable level of functioning for both the state and business in general. The concept of «financial security» is found to be highly multifaceted, with interpretations drawn from a range of perspectives, including organizational and statistical, functional and resource-based, and regulatory and legal. The primary objective of financial security for an enterprise can be defined as the implementation of a comprehensive organizational and management strategy, the assurance of operational stability in the context of prevailing business conditions, and the provision of a foundation for future growth and development, contingent upon the availability of financial and economic resources. The method of formation and implementation of financial security of the enterprise as an indicator of financial management in crisis business conditions is proposed and described, which includes the following stages 1) structural elements of financial security of an enterprise; 2) constituent elements of financial enterprise security; 3) organizational and managerial policy of financial enterprise security; 4) mechanism of implementation of financial enterprise security; 5) general coordination of the state of financial enterprise security; 6) «adaptation» of financial security of an enterprise to unstable and crisis business conditions. It is proposed to use economic-statistical and financial-economic indicators and international indices to assess the state of financial security of enterprises, in particular: the number of enterprises in the country; the volume of products (goods, services) sold by enterprises in the country; net profit (loss) of enterprises in the country; business activity index. The results show that financial security is an extremely important and necessary indicator for the assessment of the general state of business activity and the functioning of the country as a whole.

How secure is Tenge?

The prevalence of counterfeit currency poses a significant threat to both national and global economic systems. The Tenge, a relatively young currency, was first issued in November of 1993 as the national currency of The Republic of Kazakhstan. In this paper, primary focus has been placed on the security of the Tenge against counterfeiting. The legislative regulation that is implemented by the government of Kazakhstan, security elements on the banknotes themselves, and educational initiatives designed to help the public to correctly identify counterfeit Tenge are all critically analysed. A visual analysis of the Tenge’s many security features is also performed, with a table highlighting what security features different denominations of Tenge exhibit. According to the findings of this study, the Tenge is adequately safeguarded against counterfeiting. This conclusion is reached by highlighting the strengths of law enforcement agencies both locally and internationally, as well as the numerous security mechanisms that are included on banknotes. However, this paper suggests that more should be done to educate the public about how to correctly identify counterfeits. This article serves as a resource of anti-counterfeiting strategies employed for both the prevention and detection of counterfeit Tenge.

How secure is Tenge?

he prevalence of counterfeit currency poses a significant threat to both national and global economic systems. The Tenge, a relatively young currency, was first issued in November of 1993 as the national currency of The Republic of Kazakhstan. In this paper, primary focus has been placed on the security of the Tenge against counterfeiting. The legislative regulation that is implemented by the government of Kazakhstan, security elements on the banknotes themselves, and educational initiatives designed to help the public to correctly identify counterfeit Tenge are all critically analysed. A visual analysis of the Tenge’s many security features is also performed, with a table highlighting what security features different denominations of Tenge exhibit. According to the findings of this study, the Tenge is adequately safeguarded against counterfeiting. This conclusion is reached by highlighting the strengths of law enforcement agencies both locally and internationally, as well as the numerous security mechanisms that are included on banknotes. However, this paper suggests that more should be done to educate the public about how to correctly identify counterfeits. This article serves as a resource of anti-counterfeiting strategies employed for both the prevention and detection of counterfeit Tenge.