Original Element Research Articles

Animo nullius: on AI's origin story and a data colonial doctrine of discovery

AbstractThis paper traces elements of the theoretical origins of artificial intelligence to capitalism, not neurophysiology. It considers efforts in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to formalize a science of mental behaviour using the dynamics of social rather than neural phenomena. I first revisit early American theorists’ controversial ambivalence toward neurophysiology, showing how this group benefited from post-war corporate and military investments in commercial and imperial expansion, which sustained and expanded their influence over the emerging field. I then trace the lasting effect of the founders’ early rhetoric through AI's institutionalization after 1960, arguing that from the 2010s technology corporations set out to veil their enclosure of the data commons via appeal to a curious precedent: the scientific pedigree of AI. By relating the field to the history of capitalism, and specifically the rise of assetization in modern technoscience, I invite reflection on AI's origin story and on broader parallels between historical colonialism and data colonialism. I offer a heuristic – animo nullius, for ‘no persons’ mind’ – as an attempt to name rhetorical manoeuvres that leverage the authority of mind-as-computer metaphors in order to naturalize acts of seizure.

Микроэлементный состав донных отложений водных объектов в условиях городской застройки

Under the urbanization conditions there is an increase in the technogenic impact on water bodies, which is most clearly manifested in water bodies located on the territory of residential development. The value of reservoirs in cities lies in the possibility of using them as recreation places. Pollutants enter such water bodies with organized wastewater from industrial production and urban storm water. However, in a significant part of urban areas, the system of surface runoff is not organized. In this case, rain and snowmelt runoff enters water bodies disorderly (diffusely). Pollutants decrease the quality of natural waters, disrupt the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and reduce the self-purification ability. As a result, there is an intensification of the processes of eutrophication of water bodies, swamping and disturbance of local biocenoses. Pollutants entering surface water bodies accumulate in bottom sediments and create secondary pollution of rivers. Bottom sediments of reservoirs are accumulators of heavy metals. Due to sorption processes, water is purified from heavy metals, but under certain conditions the desorption of metals and their transition, when in the dissolved state, into the water column are observed, thus, secondary pollution occurs. In this study, the influence of the state of the catchment area on water quality in a reservoir, the content of pollutants in water and bottom sediments have been investigated. It is shown that the quality of water and bottom sediments in terms of content of chemical elements is determined by the type of anthropogenic load. For the river sections, not subject to technogenic load, the main influence is the state of the atmosphere and catchment area, from which the diffuse flow of rain and melt water occurs. The composition of heavy metals in water and bottom sediments mainly characterizes the natural geochemical background. The discharge of industrial wastewater leads to an increase of elements of anthropogenic origin in the composition of water and bottom sediments.

OPTIMIZING PROACTIVE COLLABORATIVE AND COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD SUPPLIERS AND RESTAURANTS

Currently, agri-gastronomy and the ”tourist-catering” subsector have an increasingly well-defined role in the realization and commercialization of goods and services offered in terms of food quality and systemic efficiency. This study aims to identify that tourist destinations and many local communities offer a variety of gastronomic products and services and that the supply sector in semi-structured and still needs improvements in quality, safety and a wider commercial network. The paper highlights the need for suppliers to reinvent themselves and create new market opportunities to benefit from rapid growth in key sectors of the integrated food system. A number of relational solutions are analyzed with the potential to generate an authentic cuisine based on tradition and sustainability, with strong elements of originality. Consequently, it is highlighted that the consolidated and optimized relationships in the producer-processor network may be able to ensure diversified and quality local products, which gives restaurants a competitive advantage in the post-pandemic recovery.

Management of a simulation project in a manufacturing company

Purpose: The main goal of managing a simulation project in a manufacturing company regarding the optimization of warehouse preparation and placement of galvanized steel profiles using FlexSim software is to improve logistics processes in the warehouse and increase production efficiency. The aim of the research is to develop an effective package addressing scheme and to introduce a special code that will enable precise management of profile storage and will improve the process of completing customer orders. Design/methodology/approach: The simulation project management methodology is based on several key steps: defining goals and requirements, collecting data and modeling, designing scenarios, performing simulations, and designing an individual addressing scheme for parcels in the warehouse. Findings: Simulations allow you to find the optimal warehouse layout that ensures effective use of the available space. This, in turn, allows you to increase the storage capacity and better organize the storage of profiles, which translates into minimizing losses and costs. Simulations allow you to test different strategies for placing profiles in a warehouse to minimize the time and effort needed to find them. Optimizing the placement process allows parcels to be located faster and more precisely, which speeds up order picking. Research limitations/implications: Simulation-based process optimization requires model accuracy and reliability. Imprecise or inaccurate data can affect simulation results and lead to inappropriate decisions. This requires careful data collection and model validation before implementation. Further research may focus on optimizing routes inside the warehouse and optimizing internal logistics. Investigating the best routes and methods of transport will minimize the time your products pass through your warehouse. Research can introduce an element of random events, such as machine breakdowns or fluctuating demand, into the simulation model to better reflect real conditions and increase the reliability of the results. Practical implications: Improvement of warehouse processes and the introduction of a special code addressing the shipment can significantly reduce the risk of errors and material losses, which contributes to greater accuracy and efficiency of operation and improvement of customer relations. Social implications: Effective optimization of warehouse and production processes contributes to increased work efficiency. Reduction of redundant activities, more precise management of resources, and more efficient order picking can affect employee satisfaction as well as positively affect working conditions and security. Originality/value: The key element of originality is using advanced FlexSim software for modeling and simulation of storage processes and producing galvanized steel profiles. Simulations of this type integrated with real data and the implementation of a special package addressing code constitute a comprehensive approach to optimizing the entire process. The results of such a study can have a significant impact on the practice in manufacturing companies, enabling more effective warehouse management, shortening the time of picking orders, reducing costs, optimal use of resources, and improving the quality of customer service. It is an interdisciplinary approach that combines aspects of production management, logistics, process optimization, and the use of advanced IT tools. Keywords: Simulation project management, process simulation, FlexSim software. Category of the paper: research paper.

V.G. Shukhov Radio Tower – history, current state and prospects

The Moscow Radio Tower was erected in 1922 and is an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, a monument of architecture and engineering. The tower consists of six sections, each about 25 m high. The frame of the sections is a hyperboloid structure, the principle of which was developed by V.G. Shukhov at the end of the XIX century and is still used worldwide in the design and construction of tower structures. The technical inspections carried out confirmed the emergency condition of the Moscow Radio Tower. The results of laboratory studies have shown the heterogeneity of the strength and chemical characteristics of steel, its non-weldability and cold breakage. Analysis of the development of defects over time revealed that the condition of the tower is deteriorating. The performed emergency measures exclude a sudden collapse, but do not eliminate the emergency condition of metal structures. Taking into account the need for urgent restoration work with the elimination of the emergency condition of the tower, the development of project documentation began in 2023. The design assignment provides for the maximum possible preservation of the original elements. When carrying out the project, it should be taken into account that it is impossible to remove individual elements without completely unloading the entire structure. All elements of the tower that have mechanical or corrosion damage that reduces the cross-section even in certain sections are not repairable and must be replaced with new ones. When reusing existing elements, it will be technically difficult to carry out the reverse assembly with the necessary accuracy.

Portret bohaterki lirycznego cyklu Дурнушка Siemiona Nadsona w świetle inspiracji literackich

The subject of research in this article is Semyon Nadson’s informal lyrical cycle Дурнушка. The research method is the classic analysis of poems. The aim of the work was to show the most important, in my opinion, sources of literary inspirations that influenced the formation of the image of the lyrical heroine of the cycle. Inspiration from the romantic tradition comes to the fore (including ideal female characters embodying physical and spiritual beauty, themes of loneliness, alienation, conflict with society, unrequited love). The great realistic Russian prose of the 19th century also left a clear mark, from which the writer drew themes of social injustice, beauty, suffering, the motif of an unhappy childhood, family, and the role of women in society. Nadson creatively used the types of literary heroes existing in Russian literature at that time, such as “Turgenev’s maidens”, “superfluous man” and representatives of the progressive youth of the 1860s. The socially engaged tradition of Nekrasov’s poetry was also close to him. Despite the variety of inspirations and literary influences affecting him, Nadson managed to retain the original element of his personality in his poetry, as well as the independence of poetic thought, which was expressed in questioning traditional aesthetic assumptions and attempts to interpret existing themes and motifs on his own.

Efikasnost zajedničkog istražnog tima kao instrumenta za prikupljanje i razmenu dokaza u prekograničnim istragama

This paper primarily considers the legal framework for the formation and functioning of a joint investigation team at the level of the European Union, with specific reference to the consequences that these rules may have on shaping the legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia in this area. In analyzing the Serbian normative framework, the authors particularly focus on practical considerations in the process of setting up of a joint investigation team and the original elements of this progressive tool of international cooperation, established and funded by Eurojust (EU Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation). The second focal point of this paper is the support that may be provided by Eurojust in the process of formation and functioning of joint investigative teams, whose participants include both EU Member States and non-EU countries. In this regard, the authors consider the cooperation of the Republic of Serbia with Eurojust and present the opportunities for further strengthening of international cooperation with the EU Member States Union after signing the Cooperation Agreement between Eurojust and the Republic of Serbia in 2019. The advantages of this instrument of international cooperation are illustrated by referring to successful examples of joint investigation teams supported by Eurojust.

The seismic restoration of Palazzo San Giacomo in Russi

These paper deals about the seismic refurbishment of an ancient and historic palace in Russi (Ravenna - Italy) that we have carried out with a series of “light solutions” in respect of the decorations and pictures that we found in the building so to maintain, consolidate and rearrange the original elements with some well-integrated new elements.

Recuperación de un retablo tras más de medio siglo en el olvido

In the church of San Francisco in Antequera, Málaga, the «panel» altarpiece dedicated to the Virgin of the Antigua by Antonio Mohedano (16th century) was situated in the Cristo Verde chapel. In the second half of the 20th century, the altarpiece was dismantled and stored in the choir, gradually fading from memory until the Brotherhood of the Students of Antequera transferred it to the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Seville in 2021/2022 for study and intervention. The objectives include rescuing and digitally reconstructing the altarpiece, identifying original elements and modifications, establishing stylistic transfor- mations and parallels, and enhancing its value through exhibition. The methodology faced challenges due to the altarpiece’s deterioration and limited initial documentation. Research phases involved technical and material studies, comparative historical-artistic analysis, and an evaluation of the conservational state. Initial results reveal significant gaps in the archi- tectural structure and stylistic and technical discrepancies between the base and the rest of the bodies, indicating different periods of design and execution. Despite ongoing dete- rioration, the primary challenge lies in the collective memory loss regarding the altarpiece. The research aims to recover this forgotten heritage and contribute to cultural preservation.

The study of proteotomic profile of mutton with consideration to the influence of feed combinatorics

The present article is devoted to the search for markers that attest the changes in the protein profile when fattening the lambs with enriched diets, taking into account tissue specificity. The purpose of scientific research was to expand scientific knowledge about the influence of essential trace elements of organic origin in the diet of lambs on the marker-proteins of skeletal muscle tissue, of myocardium and renal cortical substance. The objects of research were the tissues of the m.L.dorsi skeletal muscle, myocardium and cortical substance of the kidneys in lambs of the Edilbaev breed. These lambs received a diet with organic trace elements (iodine, selenium, silicon). To study the effect of microelements in the diets of lambs on change in marker-proteins, we ran the studies of the skeletal muscle, myocardium and cortical substance of the kidneys of lambs, using the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis. When searching for proteins which mark the action of organic additives in the fattening diet of lambs within the tissue of the myocardium and the cortical substance of the kidneys, a number of differences were noted; no pronounced effects were observed in the skeletal muscle. Enrichment of the diet of lambs with selenium derivatives led to a change in the protein composition in the kidneys cortical substance for some isoforms of selenium-containing proteins and related enzymes of the glutathione cycle. Reaction in this process of thermal shock proteins, utilization of aflatoxins and changes in proteins of energy metabolism within mitochondria of kidney cells was also revealed. The determination of functional activity, or immunofermental analysis of glutathione peroxidase 3 count in the blood, can be a promising biomarker for controlling the level of selenium digestion and the count of selenium in blood as a more rapid and cheap method in comparison with the proteomic technologies. And for assessing the rate of digestion and fixation of iodine, it seems promising to determine it via the activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [Mn]. In the myocardium, the effect of digested feed additives mainly affected the mitochondrial apparatus, which changed its functional orientation, with the activation of several other metabolic cycles. These results are prerequisites for obtaining more fundamental data on the effect of diets enriched with essential micronutrients on the molecular mechanisms that take place within the myocardial and kidney tissue of lambs. New data have been obtained on the effect of diets enriched with essential microelements on the molecular mechanisms occurring in the myocardial tissue and cortical substance of the kidneys of goats and sheep. The research results obtained by proteomics methods will be used for modeling and targeted adjustment of diets in order to obtain raw materials with the necessary technological characteristics.

Videothoracoscopic removal of a foreign body (arrow-shaped element) of gunshot origin from the vertebral body, using radiation and magnetic technologies

Gunshot wounds to the chest have always occupied a special place among the entire set of gunshot wounds on the human body. Today, the one of the important challenges before the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, - not only to restore the damaged anatomical structures of the chest, but also to create optimal conditions for the restoration of the functional component. This will make possible to reduce the treatment period of a wounded serviceman and return him to the formation (or to the occupied position) as soon as possible. The use of minimally invasive methods (videothoracoscopy, radiation control and magnetic technologies) during the treatment of a wounded person with a penetrating gunshot wound of the chest is the key in the surgeon’s hands whose task is to save life and eliminate the defect (formed as a result of the wound). This approach is not only an example of highly specialised surgical care for the wounded in the navy, but also demonstrates the high quality of the proposed care scheme. Purpose - practically implement new organisational, tactical and professional approaches to the treatment of gunshot wounds to the thorax using a clinical case study. It is presented the clinical case of wounded man Sh., 35 years old, with a gunshot fragmentation blind wound of the posterior surface of the thorax, gunshot fracture of the Th7 vertebral body on the background of a foreign body (metal arrowhead). In the current world literature, there are many options for surgical tactics for the treatment of wounded patients with penetrating gunshot wounds to the chest. However, our clinical case draws attention to the high relevance of applying and combining minimally invasive techniques (video-othoracoscopy, radiation control and magnetic technology). This makes it possible to reduce the time (or duration) of surgical intervention, perform an «extended» revision of the pleural cavity, examine and assess the condition of the wound canal, remove a foreign body (shrapnel, bullets, arrowhead component), compensate for respiratory failure phenomena as quickly as possible and restore the integrity and function of the thoracic cells. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Early Latin Loan-Words in Modern Ukrainian and the Question of Toponymic Replications

An in-depth analysis of two distinct linguistic elements (lexical and toponymic) of Latin origin in the modern Ukrainian language adds some important elements to the study of the direct contacts of proto-Slavic populations and cultures with Roman civilisation in the early centuries of the first millennium. The paper examines ancient Latin loanwords in modern Ukrainian, in comparison with other Slavic languages and focuses on the question of Roman influences on the toponymy of Ukraine. Considering the difficulties linked to the temporal distance and the genetic diversity between late Latin and modern Ukrainian, these linguistic phenomena are correlated with historical, archaeological, numismatic data (as materially attested), in order to frame the linguistic question in the respective historical context, and at the same time to highlight the lexical connections and cultural continuity with the late Latin period.

Robust timing and frequency joint synchronization method for QNSC-enabled security optical communications system based on CO-OFDM

The security of optical fiber communication network has been paid more and more attention, and Quantum Noise Stream Cipher (QNSC) can guarantee its physical layer security. However, the QNSC system realized with CO-OFDM technology is very susceptible to timing synchronization error and carrier frequency offset. Existing symbol timing and frequency synchronization algorithms based on preambles have problems of timing metric platform, interference of side lobes, and low timing and frequency synchronization accuracy especially in optical signal transmission scenario of high-order modulation and low SNR. Furthermore, the preamble is not encrypted, which can be easily identified by illegal receiver. In order to solve above problems, a robust timing and frequency joint synchronization algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is composed of the preamble interleaved by conjugate, negative and image sequences of original element sequence. The preamble conforms to the preamble structure of Schmidl, Minn and CNI by adding negative and conjugate operator at the specific interval of the preamble. The correspond timing metric method, i.e. combination of Schmidl, Minn and CNI timing metric strategies, can fully extract characteristics of the preamble, and then timing and frequency joint synchronization is accurately obtained. For timing synchronization, experiments in 10Gbit/s CO-OFDM based QNSC system have illustrated that proposed algorithm has better timing synchronization performance than baseline algorithms. The detection probability is augmented and timing offset mean is decreased than that of baseline algorithms especially at low SNR. The simulation illustrates that proposed algorithm has more accurate frequency offset (FO) estimation performance compared with the baseline algorithms even at low SNR. Furthermore, the simulation illustrates the security performance of CO-OFDM based QNSC system is improved by encrypting the preamble with secret key.

Retrotransposons: How the continuous evolutionary front shapes plant genomes for response to heat stress.

Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR retrotransposons) are the most abundant group of mobile genetic elements in eukaryotic genomes and are essential in organizing genomic architecture and phenotypic variations. The diverse families of retrotransposons are related to retroviruses. As retrotransposable elements are dispersed and ubiquitous, their "copy-out and paste-in" life cycle of replicative transposition leads to new genome insertions without the excision of the original element. The overall structure of retrotransposons and the domains responsible for the various phases of their replication is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. The two major superfamilies of LTR retrotransposons, Ty1/Copia and Ty3/Gypsy, are distinguished and dispersed across the chromosomes of higher plants. Members of these superfamilies can increase in copy number and are often activated by various biotic and abiotic stresses due to retrotransposition bursts. LTR retrotransposons are important drivers of species diversity and exhibit great variety in structure, size, and mechanisms of transposition, making them important putative actors in genome evolution. Additionally, LTR retrotransposons influence the gene expression patterns of adjacent genes by modulating potential small interfering RNA (siRNA) and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathways. Furthermore, comparative and evolutionary analysis of the most important crop genome sequences and advanced technologies have elucidated the epigenetics and structural and functional modifications driven by LTR retrotransposon during speciation. However, mechanistic insights into LTR retrotransposons remain obscure in plant development due to a lack of advancement in high throughput technologies. In this review, we focus on the key role of LTR retrotransposons response in plants during heat stress, the role of centromeric LTR retrotransposons, and the role of LTR retrotransposon markers in genome expression and evolution.

Typification of the name Linum setaceum (Linaceae)

The typification of Linum setaceum (Linaceae), is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural type is based on an assessment of Brotero’s original elements and the literature cited in the protologue. The name is lectotypified using an illustration published in the protologue and an epitype is also selected.

Telework Implications on Work-Life Balance, Productivity, and Health of Different Generations of Romanian Employees

The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of telework on the work-life balance, productivity, and health of different generations of Romanian employees. Qualitative and quantitative methods provide the means to exploit the richness of data and deepen the understanding of the phenomenon studied. The quantitative data derived from a research instrument was associated with qualitative data collection. Quantitative research was conducted to achieve the stated purpose using the survey method, the number of respondents being 1098 persons. The research tool was an online questionnaire. Results highlight how telework affected each generation of employees. The satisfaction towards teleworking achieved by Generation Z and Baby Boomers is, on average, higher than that of Generation Y and X. The differences between the age groups (Generation Z, Y, X, and Baby Boomers) in terms of telework satisfaction levels were also tested, considering each of the three aspects examined and presented in the article’s title. At the conceptual level, research brings a new methodological approach as an element of originality that can be used for similar future research. Moreover, new concepts on the effects of telework on employees were connected and analysed simultaneously: work-life balance, productivity, and health of employees during teleworking. At the operational level, this type of research can determine the degree of satisfaction of employees in different companies/organizations and identify solutions to increase employee engagement.

(170–174) Proposal to revise Article 10.2, and some further implications

(170–174) Proposal to revise Article 10.2, and some further implications

Analysis and Definition of Restoration Strategies with H-BIM Applications. The Case Study of Vittorio Giorgini's “Casa Esagono” in Baratti, Italy

Abstract This contribution is focused on the “Casa Esagono” realized in 1957 by Vittorio Giorgini in Baratti (LI), Italy. The research objective is to lay the foundations for a restoration plan of this experimental wooden architecture, which is now in precarious conditions due to its location near the sea, and whose constructive features, has always raised great questions about the technical feasibility of a full restoration. The paper describes the workflow for the implementation of the H-BIM model, aimed to organise all the data deriving from the historical and on-site research, and the restoration programme. The historical analysis about the house and the architect was the basis for the geometric survey and the analysis of building materials. All building components were subjected to visual analysis aimed to identify deterioration forms. The proposed conservation approach aims to maintain as much of the original elements as possible, while increasing their durability. H-BIM revealed to be the ideal tool to manage the entire restoration process, whose ultimate goal is to celebrate Giorgini's work, to exploit the potential of the house as a cultural attraction.

Multifunctional Waterborne Polyurethane Microreactor-Based Approach to Fluorocarbon Composite Latex Coatings with Double Self-Healing and Excellent Synergistic Performances.

In this article, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE)-based fluorocarbon composite latexes and their coatings are successfully fabricated by an environmentally friendly preparation method based on a new multifunctional waterborne polyurethane (MFWPU) dispersion. It is worth noting that the MFWPU acts as the sole system stabilizer as well as microreactor and simultaneously endows the composite coating with excellent double self-healing performance and adhesion. Moreover, the introduction of a dynamic disulfide bond in the polyurethane dispersion entrusts the coating with excellent scratch self-healing performance. Simultaneously, carbon-carbon double bonds in the polyurethane dispersion increase the compatibility between the core polymer and shell polymer. The fluorine-containing chain segments can be distributed in the coating evenly during the self-assembly film-forming process of composite particles so that the original element composition of the worn coating surface can restore the original element composition after heating, and the coating presents a regeneration ability, which further and verifies the usefulness of the double self-healing model of the coating. Afterward, efficient recovery and durability, which are two contradictory properties of scratch self-healing polymers, are optimized to obtain a composite coating with excellent comprehensive performance. The research results regarding the composite system may provide a valuable reference for the structural design and application of waterborne fluorocarbon functional coatings in the future.

Semantic localization on BIM-generated maps using a 3D LiDAR sensor

Conventional sensor-based localization relies on high-precision maps, which are generally built using specialized mapping techniques involving high labor and computational costs. In the architectural, engineering and construction industry, Building Information Models (BIM) are available and can provide informative descriptions of environments. This paper explores an effective way to localize a mobile 3D LiDAR sensor on BIM-generated maps considering both geometric and semantic properties. First, original BIM elements are converted to semantically augmented point cloud maps using categories and locations. After that, a coarse-to-fine semantic localization is performed to align laser points to the map based on iterative closest point registration. The experimental results show that the semantic localization can track the pose successfully with only one LiDAR sensor, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed mapping-free localization framework. The results also show that using semantic information can help reduce localization errors on BIM-generated maps.