Interior Elements Research Articles

The Interior Contact-Aided Rolling Element (I-CORE)

Abstract This work introduces an interior contact-aided rolling element (I-CORE) compliant mechanism that draws upon the concepts used for the contact-aided rolling element, cross axis flexural pivot, and pre-curved flexible beam. The I-CORE incorporates a bilinear compressive stiffness response with an initial tailorable stiffness governed by the flexural geometry, followed by a stiffness curve governed by the material stiffness at the contact point. The I-CORE mechanism can achieve 1 or 2 degrees of rotational freedom as well as 1 degree of translational freedom. The purpose of the present work was to introduce the I-CORE mechanism, as well as a pseudo-rigid-body replacement model (PRBM) of the I-CORE mechanism which was subsequently validated using both finite element analysis and bench top mechanical testing. A pseudo rigid body model was created for the I-CORE to simplify rapid adaptation of this mechanism to different design applications. This model was validated using both finite element analysis and benchtop mechanical testing under both compression and rotation loading conditions. Additionally, multiple configurations of the device were created and evaluated in order to test its sensitivity to certain design features including the flexure width, flexure thickness, and the radius of the rounded contact surfaces. It was found that the model is sensitive to the thickness of the flexures and that despite some limitations, the pseudo rigid body model is sufficiently accurate for initial design work. Some possible applications of the mechanism are proposed.

Assessment of angular distribution of sound scattering in enclosures

This study proposes an approach for quantitatively assessing sound scattering degrees caused by objects within enclosures. It categorizes the high-frequency sound fields in rooms into two distinct components: (1) specular reflections arising from boundary surfaces, and (2) non-specular scattering contributed by objects (interiors). To achieve this, sound fields sampled on a sphere for two scenarios, with and without interiors, were decomposed into plane waves. The coherence between the impulse responses of these plane waves for these two scenarios is analyzed to obtain the proportion of specular and non-specular components within the room containing interiors. Derived from these coherence curves, the Equivalent Scattering Coefficients (ESCs) quantify the degree of scattering distributed across various directions, reflecting the interaction of sound waves with these interior elements. The extracted ESCs facilitate to quantification of the proportion of specular and non-specular components, which can be efficiently modeled separately and combined in a hybrid acoustic model, offering significant potential for sound field reconstruction.

Sensitivity and Optimization Analysis of Torsional Behavior in Multicellular Thin-Walled Tubes

Multicellular thin-walled tubes are widely used due to their lightweight, economical design, and superior shear and torsional performance. Their design is sometimes governed by the available materials and the required dimensions. The current study uses advanced sensitivity analysis with meta-modeling tools to understand how different geometric and mechanical factors affect the torsional performance of multicellular thin-walled tubes. The geometric factors include the length, thickness, and width of the beams, while the mechanical properties involve the shear modulus. Variance-based sensitivity analysis is used to assess how variations in these factors impact the rate of twist, torsional stiffness, and shear stress. The interconnected relations between input parameters are exploited for optimal design and superior performance. The results revealed that for a three-celled tube, thick horizontal interior elements with thin deep vertical elements and thin exterior elements provide an optimal design when the cross-sectional area is constrained. This finding, combined with varying the geometrical and material properties, results in an optimal design using CFRP composites when constrained by minimizing the total weight and superior torsional performance. The analysis can be extended to include other constraint(s), but changing the design constraints might change the optimal design. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-09 Full Text: PDF

Containment Control-Guided Boundary Information for Semantic Segmentation

Real-time semantic segmentation is a challenging task in computer vision, especially in complex scenes. In this study, a novel three-branch semantic segmentation model is designed, aiming to effectively use boundary information to improve the accuracy of semantic segmentation. The proposed model introduces the concept of containment control in a pioneering way, which treats image interior elements as well as image boundary elements as followers and leaders in containment control, respectively. Based on this, we utilize two learnable feature fusion matrices in the high-level semantic information stage of the model to quantify the fusion process of internal and boundary features. Further, we design a dedicated loss function to update the parameters of the feature fusion matrices based on the criterion of containment control, which enables fine-grained communication between target features. In addition, our model incorporates a Feature Enhancement Unit (FEU) to tackle the challenge of maximizing the utility of multi-scale features essential for semantic segmentation tasks through the meticulous reconstruction of these features. The proposed model proves effective on the publicly available Cityscapes and CamVid datasets, achieving a trade-off between effectiveness and speed.

Desain Interior Restoran Ramen 1 Dengan Konsep Restoran Komunikatif

Culinary tourism is increasingly expanding in Yogyakarta. Japanese cuisine has become one of the popular commodities in Yogyakarta. Ramen 1 restaurant presents Japanese dishes with a concept of a traditional Japanese restaurant in its interior design. The aim of this study is to understand the meaning of the interior elements in Ramen 1. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that the overall interior design of Ramen 1 restaurant has characteristics of simplicity, elegance, and harmony with nature, as seen in the selection of ornaments, color choices, and furniture. Wall ornaments that display menu descriptions not only function as ornaments but also serve as communicative information tools for visitors.

상업공간의 재생 유형별 실내구성과 디자인 요소에 대한 연구 - 대형 카페 중심으로 -

상업공간의 재생 유형별 실내구성과 디자인 요소에 대한 연구 - 대형 카페 중심으로 -

The Influence of Interior Element Color on The Activities of Classroom Users in Sps Mutiara Bunda

The Influence of Interior Element Color on The Activities of Classroom Users in Sps Mutiara Bunda

The effect of islamic ornament as secondary skin on daylight quality

Abstract Islamic ornaments are used extensively in different types of buildings, serving both aesthetic and functional purposes. They are used in mosques, offices and other buildings, serving as both interior and exterior elements. One application is their use as secondary skins to cover window openings. This research investigates the effect of Islamic ornaments as secondary skins on interior lighting. The main question addressed is how Islamic ornaments affect the quality of natural lighting. Using computer simulations, scenarios with clear glass and varying ornament distance from the window were assessed under clear sky conditions at different times of the day. The results show that the presence of Islamic ornaments significantly reduces the average daylighting level on interior surfaces compared to scenarios without ornaments. Visual representations using ray diagrams and computer-generated images illustrate the effects of varying ornamental conditions. This research highlights the potential of Islamic ornaments to improve the quality of daylighting in architecture. The findings emphasise their role in optimising daylight indoors, and encourage careful consideration of the impact of spacing on window openings. In particular, the distribution of daylight varies between rooms orientated to the north and west.

РОЛЬ ВІТРАЖІВ В СУЧАСНОМУ ОЗДОБЛЕННІ ІНТЕР’ЄРІВ ЖИТЛОВИХ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ

Stained glass has attracted the attention of art critics and scientists for centuries. Stained glass art plays a special artistic role in decorating windows, doors, and ceilings. In addition to the traditional use of stained glass windows, they are used in the design of modern interiors. Although stained-glass windows are not a common design solution in interior design, they are increasingly used for their individualization in modern decoration. In the process of researching decorative decoration of modern interiors with the use of stained glass, new techniques and technologies of their implementation, compositional solutions, their color range were considered, and the main features of artistic expression were revealed. In modern interiors of residential premises, you can find stylized decorative and ornamental stylized stained-glass compositions, which are characterized by a linear division of the glass canvas with the use of faceted glass elements. With the help of stained glass windows, the space of the living room is filled with warm or cold, monochrome or polychrome colors, which enhances the visual perception of certain interior elements. Stained glass compositions using traditional and modern production technologies were analyzed and their role in modern interior design was determined.

READING TRADITIONAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH HAYAO MIYAZAKI CINEMA

Houses, which are the best-known examples of traditional architecture, are cultural heritage products and objects of representation. Traditional Japanese houses have continued their existence as living examples of space organization, materials and building-construction system/technique, preserving their originality and qualities. This study aims to interpret this architecture through the traditional Japanese architecture in Hayao Miyazaki's animated films. The main problem of the study is to obtain information about the cultures of societies through television and cinema products, to keep traditional architecture alive and to ensure its sustainability. By examining Miyazaki's animated films, the sample of the study was limited to 12 feature films or short films. In these films, those determined to be about traditional Japanese architecture are grouped as building elements, spaces, interior elements and accessories. In some of the films examined within the scope of the study, there are elements of traditional Japanese architecture in a single building, some in two or three buildings, and in some of the silhouettes of the settlement. It has been seen that the wall (kaaba) and roof (koyagumi) of the elements that make up the structure are more used than the ceiling (tenjo), and it is common in the board to use a floor (yuka) material. Life (doma), living room (ima), room (heya) and veranda (engawa) in traditional Japanese houses are more prominent than the kitchen (floor) and bathroom (furo) in the houses in the movies. Sliding wall (fusuma), sliding paper door/window (shoji) and shoe removal board/stone (kutsungi) from interior elements in homes and public spaces; tables (chabudai), cushions (zabuton) and wicker ground cover (tatami) are the most used items.

The Role of an Art Object in the Formation of Characteristic Features of Interior Space

The aim of the article is to study the role of different types of art objects in the formation of characteristic features of interior space. Research methods included bibliographic, typological and comparative analysis, field survey, compositional method, systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty lies in the research, analysis and systematization of the functional and aesthetic role of art objects in the formation of characteristic features of interior space. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the main features of the interior space, which can be achieved by placing an art object in it, were determined: intensification, assimilation, hyperbolization and transformation. Thus, the intensification of the interior is achieved through the dominant position of the art object, its compositional coherence with other elements, the subordination of rhythmic structures to it, and the creation of space for the effects of dynamism and expressiveness. Assimilation is achieved by subtly combining the geometric shapes of the interior space and the art object, creating a sense of balance, homogeneity, and compositional completeness. Hyperbolization relies on a pronounced semantic and stylistic contrast between the art object and the interior elements, resulting in the effect of compositional dissonance, revitalization, and at times, irony, sarcasm, and satire. Transformation involves visually altering the geometric form, size, or shape of both the interior space and the art object. This is achieved through methods such as dismemberment, emphasis, and the reconfiguration of spatial elements, leading to the effect of compositional asymmetry, dissymmetry, and dynamism. The study tested specific results in the design work of design students. The prospect for further research is to analyze the role of art objects in the qualitative transformation of modern interiors, to identify and systematize modern trends in the relationship between fine art and the object and spatial environment.

Handwoven interior accessories from palm leaves as sustainable elements

PurposeThis paper argues that cultures with the same climate have similar handicrafts as they have similar cultivation and identical raw materials. This study focuses on how mountainous, coastal and hot regions partaking in similar crafts and cultural heritage use palm leaves and analyses the resulting handicrafts' similarities.Design/methodology/approachA review of mapping these samples establishes this similarity in the traditional industries of some civilizations' cultural heritage from countries sharing similar climates.FindingsThe handwoven crafts using palm leaves were significant patrimonial artifacts in different societies' and communities' cultural heritage. Our studies revealed that climate plays an active role in influencing all aspects of humanity’s life. It affects the construction methods and style, agriculture and lifestyles.Research limitations/implicationsTraditional handwoven palm leaf product models, especially plates and baskets, are studied from South America, Africa, Gulf Countries and Asia.Practical implicationsAdditionally, this paper focuses on preserving these treasures as an essential part of interior elements as accessories for most inhabitants of these areas.Social implicationsCultural heritage also embraces intangible aspects such as skills passed down through generations within a particular society. The tangible and intangible elements complement each other and contribute to an overall legacy.Originality/valueCultural heritage reflects a society’s way of life carried down through the years across lands, items, customs and aesthetic concepts. People are the gatekeepers of society, as they preserve their way of life for future generations to emulate. Tangible artistic and cultural heritage comprises artifacts. It comprises all human evidence and expressions, such as traditional handicrafts, pictures, documents, books and manuscripts.

Analysis of the Application of Interior Elements in SLB-B YRTRW Surakarta Based on The Deaf Space Concept

Sekolah Luar Biasa Tunarungu (SLB-B) Yayasan Rehabilitas Tuna Rungu Wicara (YRTRW) merupakan salah satu yayasan pendidikan anak tunarungu yang ada di Surakarta. Penyandang tunarungu memiliki keterbatasan kemampuan mendengar dan menerima informasi secara verbal, sehingga penglihatan menjadi faktor utama bagi mereka dalam mengumpulkan informasi. Kurangnya kebutuhan yang ideal bagi anak tunarungu dalam penggunaan fasilitas umum dari segi kenyamanan serta keamanan, sehingga hal ini menjadi pertimbangan dalam pengembangan fasilitas umum. Khususnya fasilitas pendidikan bagi anak penyandang tunarungu di Surakarta yang belum sepenuhnya ideal karena keterbatasan manfaat dan fungsi elemen suatu ruang. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena beberapa faktor permasalahan yang menjadi karakteristik tunarungu yang perlu dikaitkan dalam pengembangan elemen interior agar dapat memberikan solusi yang tepat untuk tunarungu dalam melakukan aktivitas secara optimal dan mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji ulang desain elemen interior pada SLB-B YRTRW Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana informasi dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan dianalisis dengan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa kekurangan dalam rancangan desain interior SLB-B YRTRW Surakarta ditinjau dalam 5 prinsip The Deaf Space Design Guidelines oleh Hansel Bauman, terdapat 3 prinsip yang belum terpenuhi yaitu Space and Proximity, Sensory Reach, dan Mobility and Proximity.

Deconstructing the Blueprint for Infringement: Remedying Flawed Interpretations of the § 120(a) Exception to Architecture Copyrights

Deconstructing the Blueprint for Infringement: Remedying Flawed Interpretations of the § 120(a) Exception to Architecture Copyrights

Sustainable Innovation: Fabrication and Characterization of Mycelium-Based Green Composites for Modern Interior Materials Using Agro-Industrial Wastes and Different Species of Fungi.

Mycelium-based bio-composites (MBCs) represent a sustainable and innovative material with high potential for contemporary applications, particularly in the field of modern interior design. This research investigates the fabrication of MBCs for modern interior materials using agro-industrial wastes (bamboo sawdust and corn pericarp) and different fungal species. The study focuses on determining physical properties, including moisture content, shrinkage, density, water absorption, volumetric swelling, thermal degradation, and mechanical properties (bending, compression, impact, and tensile strength). The results indicate variations in moisture content and shrinkage based on fungal species and substrate types, with bamboo sawdust exhibiting lower shrinkage. The obtained density values range from 212.31 to 282.09 kg/m3, comparable to traditional materials, suggesting MBCs potential in diverse fields, especially as modern interior elements. Water absorption and volumetric swelling demonstrate the influence of substrate and fungal species, although they do not significantly impact the characteristics of interior decoration materials. Thermal degradation analysis aligns with established patterns, showcasing the suitability of MBCs for various applications. Scanning electron microscope observations reveal the morphological features of MBCs, emphasizing the role of fungal mycelia in binding substrate particles. Mechanical properties exhibit variations in bending, compression, impact, and tensile strength, with MBCs demonstrating compatibility with traditional materials used in interior elements. Those produced from L. sajor-caju and G. fornicatum show especially promising characteristics in this context. Particularly noteworthy are their superior compression and impact strength, surpassing values observed in certain synthetic foams multiple times. Moreover, this study reveals the biodegradability of MBCs, reaching standards for environmentally friendly materials. A comprehensive comparison with traditional materials further supports the potential of MBCs in sustainable material. Challenges in standardization, production scalability, and market adoption are identified, emphasizing the need for ongoing research, material engineering advancements, and biotechnological innovations. These efforts aim to enhance MBC properties, promoting sustainability in modern interior applications, while also facilitating their expansion into mass production within the innovative construction materials market.

Perancangan Elemen Interior dengan Material Berkelanjutan Berbasis Tali Putri (Cuscuta Australis) sebagai Pengganti Plastik

This research is designing interior elements using sustainable material based on Angel’s Hair (Cuscuta Australis) plant as a substitute for plastic, namely parasitic plants that grow around their host plants, causing harm to agricultural crops. Angel’s Hair offers an alternative sustainable materials with strong and elastic fiber characteristics. This research is motivated by the need to find alternative sustainable materials considering that currently plastic has become a serious problem in the environmental context, especially in interior elements which often use single-use plastic materials. This research aims to produce interior design elements using sustainable materials based on the Angel’s Hair plant (Cuscuta Australis) as a substitute for plastic. The process in this research will begin with analyzing the physical characteristics of Angel’s Hair (Cuscuta Australis), and the method used is based on experiments through a comparison of 3 experimental models of bioplastics based on the Angel’s Hair (Cuscuta Australis). Tests for the bioplastic material to be observed are durability, flexibility, density and texture from the experimental results on the Angel’s Hair plant. The tools used in this research were simple tools such as scales, moulds, spoons, scissors and pans. While the materials used in this research were Glycerol, Caraagenan Iota, water and the Angel’s Hair plant. At the end of the research, the output was a dummy sheet of Angel’s Hair (Cuscuta Australis) material which could be applied as nterior elements such as partitions, wall cladding and other interior aesthetic elements such as lamp armature covers. The novelty of this research is the interior elements using sustainable materials based on the Angel’s Hair (Cuscuta Australis) plant as a substitute for plastic.

Structural analysis and damage assessment of a fortified church – A case study: The Evangelical Church of Apos, Sibiu County

Globally, there is a wide range of monuments that require conservation and restoration work in order to maintain their values as a whole, both from the aesthetic and historical perspective and to ensure their preservation for future generations. The aim of this paper is to showcase the historical development of the fortified church structure in Apoș, in addition to examining the reasons for its structural damage and exploring possible ways to strengthen the entire church – tower complex. The Evangelical Church is located in the village of Apoș, in the central region of Transylvania, along the Hârtibaciu Valley. This region is of national importance, being part of the Hârtibaciu Plateau and also within the Natura 2000 sites. The church complex consists of the church itself, which is also listed in the Historical Monuments List with the code SB-II-a-B-12313, the bell tower and the clergy house. However, this paper concerns only the church and the tower. The evolution of the church spans over several centuries, during which its structure underwent reconfigurations, consolidation works, but also invasive interventions with incompatible materials that further altered the entire structure and its behaviour. Thus, from the point of view of interventions, they were carried out progressively, the most extensive works being the replacement of the nave ceiling with cylindrical vaults and the replacement of the choir ceiling with a semispherical vault, as well as the consolidation works of the building in the 20th century. The investigation of the Evangelical Church was carried out, first of all, by conducting an on-site investigation, followed by using traditional survey methods in order to identify the structure failures. Additionally, contemporary visualization methods, such as three-dimensional laser scanning, were utilized to gather information on dimensions, heights and ornament details. Through these steps, a survey was obtained that includes accurate data on the church complex. Following these stages, the main degradations identified were a series of cracks caused by differential settlements and the lack of cooperation between structural elements, mechanical damage caused by the detachment of the buttresses from the walls and due to the sliding of the land towards the south, after the demolition of the fortifications. Additionally, two types of brickwork damage were identified: pronounced crack indicating its displacement, contributed by seismic activity and smaller but numerous cracks indicating the disintegration of the brickwork caused by differential settlements combined with prolonged moisture. Besides these, human factors and execution defects were identified, as well as physicochemical degradations with internal causes, such as composition defects or crystal cohesion defects. The repair and consolidation works, including seismic safety measures, have proposed technologies based on the principles of reversibility and preservation of the church’s authenticity. Thus, the main interventions aim to strengthen the structural walls, arches and vaults, eliminate the source of humidity causing the erosion of the masonry through capillary water infiltration, strengthen the floors, roof structure and openings, as well as the interior elements, such as balconies and stairs.

INTERIOR ROOM INFLUENCE ON THE DEFENCE FROM LASER ACOUSTIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

One of the most vulnerable issues in the technical protection of information is the acquisition of private or confidential data due to leakage through the optoelectronic channel. Today, the most promising area of protection of speech information from laser acoustic intelligence systems is development of passive protection methods. The work is devoted to the influence study of interior elements in the room on the protection of language information from LAIS, that can be implemented effectively and with minimal costs at the design stage in order to comfortably conduct confidential negotiations. On the basis of the conducted research, a systematic approach to determining the security of premises against the leakage of language information by an optoelectronic channel is proposed, which includes technical, interior, technological and design solutions that will help ensure the protection of language information from laser acoustic intelligence systems. Detecting the penetration of laser radiation into the room is solved with the help of the following technical solutions: use of solar panels and lighting sensors, geometry of the arrangement of glass in window frames, application of special coatings. Detection of the influence of room elements on the probing beam is provided with the help of interior solutions: use of materials with a high attenuation coefficient and their location in the room, use of appropriate coloring and composition of absorbing surfaces. Detection of the effect of the masking ability of various glass types is achieved with the help of technological solutions: use of glass with different relief and scattering ability, use of relief protective films. Detection of the impact of room shielding is achieved with the help of design solutions: interior design, taking into account the size and location of windows and their soundproofing characteristics. The direction of further research is the study of the influence of external environmental factors on the acquisition of language information by laser acoustic intelligence systems.

Structural Batteries – the Best or Worst of Two Worlds

The electrification of road transport is continuously progressing, and concomitantly lithium-ion batteries are developing towards higher energy densities. However, the theoretical limitations of this technology are expected to be reached in the coming years [1], leaving more demanding applications, like aeronautic ones, with high challenges regarding fully battery electric propulsion of commercial aircrafts. Structural batteries (or multifunctional energy storage), i.e. batteries which show sufficient mechanical stability to substitute conventional composite materials in load bearing structures, show a promising way to resolve this issue. Due to their multifunctional properties, structural batteries can replace interior and exterior elements of e.g. an airplane, and thus provide at best energy storage without weight increase [2].The idea of structural batteries emerged around 20 years ago, and different cell designs have been proposed including coaxial wires [3] and planar reinforced stacks [4]. Nevertheless, high degrees of multifunctionality could not be realized and the approach was never industrially applied [5]. Recently, the need to electrify the mobility sector and the prospect of massless energy storage has reincited a lot of new research activities around this topic.The main challenge at electrochemistry level for the development of structural batteries is to find an alternative electrolyte for the conventionally used carbonate-based liquid ones which provide only negligible mechanical stability. Apart from high ionic conductivities and safety, the additional requirements for the structural electrolyte include high mechanical capabilities (e.g. high Young’s modulus), good adhesion to all cell components, as well as high thermal stability. The latter is especially important for implementation of the structural batteries in composite structures, which are usually cured at elevated temperatures well beyond the stability range of conventional electrolytes. These demanding specifications render the use of conventional lithium-ion battery components formassless energy storage as futile.In this work, two different approaches for the development of electrolytes for structural batteries are discussed. The first one employs a bi-continuous electrolyte based on thermoset materials, whereas the second one uses a gel electrolyte. For the former two separate phases form percolating networks with different properties throughout the electrolyte membrane. One phase provides high ionic conductivity to achieve high electrochemical performance of the cells, whereas the other one yields high mechanical strength. The second approach uses a mono-phasic electrolyte which provides both, electrochemical as well as mechanical performance. The two approaches are further compared and discussed, focusing on their applicability for structural batteries. Important parameters like processability and feasibility for implementation into a composite structure, which are often neglected, are addressed, enabling a holistic view on this technology.

Stability of hydrides in sub-Neptune exoplanets with thick hydrogen-rich atmospheres.

Many sub-Neptune exoplanets have been believed to be composed of a thick hydrogen-dominated atmosphere and a high-temperature heavier-element-dominant core. From an assumption that there is no chemical reaction between hydrogen and silicates/metals at the atmosphere-interior boundary, the cores of sub-Neptunes have been modeled with molten silicates and metals (magma) in previous studies. In large sub-Neptunes, pressure at the atmosphere-magma boundary can reach tens of gigapascals where hydrogen is a dense liquid. A recent experiment showed that hydrogen can induce the reduction of Fe[Formula: see text] in (Mg,Fe)O to Fe[Formula: see text] metal at the pressure-temperature conditions relevant to the atmosphere-interior boundary. However, it is unclear whether Mg, one of the abundant heavy elements in the planetary interiors, remains oxidized or can be reduced by H. Our experiments in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell found that heating of MgO + Fe to 3,500 to 4,900 K (close to or above their melting temperatures) in an H medium leads to the formation of Mg[Formula: see text]FeH[Formula: see text] and H[Formula: see text]O at 8 to 13 GPa. At 26 to 29 GPa, the behavior of the system changes, and Mg-H in an H fluid and H[Formula: see text]O were detected with separate FeH[Formula: see text]. The observations indicate the dissociation of the Mg-O bond by H and subsequent production of hydride and water. Therefore, the atmosphere-magma interaction can lead to a fundamentally different mineralogy for sub-Neptune exoplanets compared with rocky planets. The change in the chemical reaction at the higher pressures can also affect the size demographics (i.e., "radius cliff") and the atmosphere chemistry of sub-Neptune exoplanets.